3,641 research outputs found
Hydrogen peroxide mediates the expression of ascorbate-related genes in response to methanol stimulation in Oncidium
No full textAmynthas quadriorbis Shen and Chang
No full textAmynthas quadriorbis Shen and Chang, sp. nov. (Figure 2) Type material Holotype. Clitellate (107 mm in length, dissected) collected 17 July 2007 from roadside slope along Waihu Creek (elevation 230 m) near the borders of Douliou and Linnei, Yunlin by C.H. Chang, T.J. Lin and Y.H. Lin (TESRI-O-H- 47) (voucher number: WH 3 P 1). Paratype. One clitellate collected 15 August 2007 from type locality by C.H. Chang, Y.H. Lin and Y.P. Li (TESRI-O-P- 42). Diagnosis Medium earthworm; length (clitellates) 107 – 120 mm. Segments numbering 103 – 129. Setae 60 – 68 in VII, 73 – 76 in XX and 15 – 18 between male pores. Clitellum XIV – XVI. First dorsal pore in 11 / 12. Spermathecal pores invisible or small, three pairs in 6 / 7 – 8 / 9, 0.29 – 0.30 body circumference ventrally apart. Genital papillae absent in preclitellar region. Male pores 0.24 body circumference ventrally apart in XVIII, each on a round porophore surrounded by two to four circular or diamond-shaped shallow skin folds. Two large genital papillae medial to each male porophore: one immediately adjacent to intersegmental furrow of 17 / 18 and the other to 18 / 19. Spermathecae small, three pairs in VII – IX. Seminal vesicles small, two pairs in XI and XII, occupying two-thirds of segmental compartment, each vesicle with a prominent, round or oval dorsal lobe. Prostate glands small in XVII – XVIII. Prostatic duct stout, C-shaped. Accessory glands absent. Description External characters. Total length (clitellates) 107 – 120 mm. Weight 1.19 – 1.54 g. Segments numbering 103 – 129. Clitellum XIV – XVI, setae and dorsal pores absent, length 3.65 – 4.59 mm and width 3.83 – 4.21 mm. Prostomium epilobous. Setae minute, numbering 60 – 68 in VII, 73 – 76 in XX and 15 – 18 between male pores in XVIII. First dorsal pore in 11 / 12. Spermathecal pores invisible or small, three pairs in intersegmental furrows of 6 / 7 – 8 / 9; distance between paired pores 0.29 – 0.30 body circumference ventrally apart. Genital papillae absent in the preclitellar region. Female pore single, mid-ventral in XIV. Male pores paired in XVIII, about 0.24 body circumference ventrally apart, each on a round porophore surrounded by two to four circular or diamond-shaped shallow skin folds. Two large genital papillae medial to each male porophore: one presetal and the other postsetal with the former immediately adjacent to intersegmental furrow of 17 / 18 and the latter to 18 / 19, both confined in segment XVIII, 0.45 – 0.60 mm in diameter with depressed centre (Figure 2 a). Preserved specimens brown on dorsum, brown to greyish brown on clitellum, and greyish on ventrum. Internal characters. Septa 5 / 6 – 7 / 8 thick, 10 / 11 – 13 / 14 muscular, 8 / 9 / 10 absent. Nephridial tufts on anterior faces of 5 / 6 / 7. Gizzard large in VIII – X. Intestine enlarged from XVI. Intestinal caeca paired in XXVII, extending anteriorly to XXII, each long, simple, stout, slightly bent. Oesophageal hearts in XI – XIII. Spermathecae small, three pairs in VII – IX (sexthecate) (Figure 2 b). Each ampulla pearshaped or elongated oval-shaped, 0.56 – 1.03 mm long and 0.40 – 0.70 mm wide, with a slender or stout spermathecal stalk 0.35 – 0.58 mm in length. Diverticulum with an iridescent, oval-shaped seminal chamber of 0.25 – 0.50 mm long and a slender stalk of 0.60 – 0.68 mm in length. Accessory glands absent in the preclitellar region. Holandry: testes small, oval, two pairs in ventrally joined sacs in X and XI. Seminal vesicles small, transversely elongated, two pairs in XI and XII, occupying two-thirds of segmental compartment, each vesicle with a prominent, round or oval dorsal lobe. Prostate glands small in XVII – XVIII, smooth, lobed, flower-like. Prostatic duct stout, C-shaped (Figure 2 c). Accessory glands absent. DNA barcode GenBank accession number KU 232820 (WH 3 P 1, holotype). Etymology The name quadriorbis refers to the four large genital papillae in the male pore region. Remarks Amynthas quadriorbis sp. nov. is only known from its type locality in the foothills at elevations <250 m near Douliou, Yunlin, southwestern Taiwan. According to Tsai et al. (2004), the number of native earthworm species decreased while the number of exotic species increased with decreasing elevation, and this species shift is primarily attributable to habitat replacement due to human disturbance. Nowadays only seven native species, Metaphire formosae (Michaelsen, 1922), Amynthas swanus (Tsai 1964), Amynthas binoculatus Tsai, Shen and Tsai, 1999, Amynthas sexpectatus Tsai, Shen and Tsai, 1999, Amynthas tungpuensis Tsai, Shen and Tsai, 1999, Metaphire bununa Tsai, Tsai and Liaw, 2000 and Amynthas penpuensis Shen, Tsai and Tsai, 2003, were found at elevations below 500 m in centro-western Taiwan with A. swanus being the rarest (Tsai et al. 2004 and unpublished data, H.-P. Shen). The fact that A. quadriorbis has only been found in one location throughout the extensive surveys conducted in the region in the last decade suggests that A. quadriorbis is also rare. With their habitat subjected to intensive agricultural activities, both A. swanus and A. quadriorbis may be considered as an endangered species. Amynthas quadriorbis has three pairs of spermathecal pores in intersegmental furrows of 6 / 7 – 8 / 9, and so belongs to the holandric, sexthecate sieboldi species-group of the genus Amynthas (Sims and Easton 1972). Among the members of the sieboldi -group, the peregrine Amynthas hupeiensis (Michaelsen, 1895) from China and Amynthas obscurus (Goto and Hatai, 1898) from Japan have a genital papilla arrangement in the male pore area similar to A. quadriorbis. However, A. hupeiensis has paired genital papillae in the intersegmental furrows of 17 / 18 and 18 / 19 (Chen 1933; Tsai 1964), much higher setal number than A. quadriorbis with 100 – 121 in VIII and 79 – 88 in XX (Tsai 1964) and very long diverticula (Chen 1933; Tsai 1964). Amynthas obscurus is smaller (80 mm long with 76 segments), has an additional pair of papillae in postsetal XIX, and has much lower setal number with 35 – 38 in the spermathecal segments (Goto and Hatai 1898). The arrangement of genital papillae in the male pore area of A. quadriorbis is also similar to that of Amynthas modiglianii (Rosa 1889) from Nias, Indonesia, Amynthas micronarius (Goto and Hatai, 1898) from Japan, and Amynthas tetrapapillatus Quan and Zhong, 1989 from Hainan Island, China. Amynthas modiglianii is an octothecate earthworm with four pairs of spermathecal pores in intersegmental furrows of 5 / 6 – 8 / 9 and has coiled diverticula (Rosa 1889; Michaelsen 1934). Amynthas micronarius is also octothecate without diverticula or with minute diverticula, and has much lower setal number than A. quadriorbis with 26 – 39 in VII and 33 – 51 in XX (Ohfuchi 1937) and welldeveloped prostate glands (Goto and Hatai 1898; Ohfuchi 1937). As for A. tetrapapillatus, it has paired genital papillae in the intersegmental furrows of 17 / 18 and 18 / 19, a pair of spermathecal pores on the dorsal side of the intersegmental furrow of 5 / 6, and much higher setal number than A. quadriorbis with 93 – 107 in VII and 86 – 102 in XX (Quan and Zhong 1989).Published as part of Shen, Huei-Ping, Chang, Chih-Han & Chih, Wen-Jay, 2016, Four new earthworm species of the genus Amynthas (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) from southwestern Taiwan with re-description of Amynthas tungpuensis Tsai, Shen and Tsai, 1999, pp. 1889-1910 in Journal of Natural History 50 (29 - 30) on pages 3-7, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1180721, http://zenodo.org/record/26905
(25(4):259-268)RESPONSE OF CHIANON SHEN 11 AND SOME NEWLY DEVELOPED RESISTANT SELECTIONS TO ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL BROWN PLANTHOPPER POPULATION
No full text本省新育成抵抗褐飛蝨水稻嘉農秈11號等品種（系）之抗蟲行為，經室內、網室及田問試驗觀察，判斷係由中等程度之「寄主非偏好」、「被害容忍」以及較弱之「抗生作用」等抗蟲機制聯合表現的結果。在無其他寄主可供選擇情況下，褐飛蝨可在嘉農秈11號等品種（系）水稻上繁殖為害，但抗蟲品種（系）對高密度褐飛蝨為害之容忍程度約為感蟲品種臺中在來1號或臺南5號的兩倍。然而由於褐飛蝨較不喜歡在嘉農秈11號等品種（系）水稻上棲息取食，因此在室內有其他寄主可供選擇，或在田問自然情況下，褐飛蝨在抗蟲品種（系）水稻上之棲羣成長非常緩慢，往往在臺中在來1號或臺南5號每欉水稻有褐飛蝨達數百隻時，棲息於嘉農秈11號等抗蟲品種（系）上者，每欉仍然在10隻以下，其結果當感蟲品種受害枯萎時，嘉農秈11號等抗蟲品種（系）水稻受害仍頗輕微。藥劑保護可使臺中在來1號及臺南5號等每公頃增產稻谷達二千餘公斤，增產率平均高達55%左右。但施用藥劑對嘉農秈11號等抗蟲品種（系）並無顯著效益，表示藉栽培室內檢定屬於中等程度之抗蟲品種（系）在田間即足以抑制褐飛蝨之棲羣成長及為害。抗蟲品種水稻並不影響飛蝨類捕食或寄生天敵之活動，兩者可相互配合運用於水稻害蟲之綜合防治體系。
The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens is an important insect pest of rice in Taiwan. The traditional cultivars in this island are susceptible to this pest, therefore yield loss due to its damage are considerable. In order to reduce the pressure of’ the brown planthopper on rice production, a breeding program for development of brown planthopper-resistant variety have been established since 1969 in Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station. The first resistant variety Chianon shen 11 was named and released for commercial cultivation in 1973. This paper reports some studies on the response of Chianon shen 11 and some other resistant selections to the artificial and natural brown planthopper population under laboratory and field conditions.
The mechanism of resistance of Chianon shen 11 and some resistant selections were identified as mainly due to the fact that the plants being not prefered by the insect. The resistant plants were also found to possessed a relative lower level of antibiotic factor that made the capability of the brown planthopper to survive, multiply and damage on the resistant plants. However, the resistant plants was more tolerance to the insect attacks than susceptible varieties T (N) 1 and Tainan 5. Under field conditions, the population density of brown planthopper on susceptible varieties increased with the growthstage of rice plant and several hundred insect per hill could be recorded after heading stage. On the other hand, the insect population on resistant varieties (selections) were very low throughout the crop season. As a result, while hopperburn appeared in the plots of Susceptible varieties, no appearent damage was observed in the resistant plants. Chemical protection to the susceptible varieties outyielded the unprotected about 35%, but the grain yield of resistant varieties (selections) with or without chemical protection were about the same. This indicated that the newly developed resistant variety can be used as a primary measure for protecting the rice plant from the damage of brown planthopper
An unusual late Cenozoic volcanic zone in northern Taiwan behind the southern Okinawa Trough
No full text
Response to the Round Table on Why Did We Choose to Industrialize? Montreal 1819–1849
No full textAuthor Robert C.H. Sweeny responds to comments on his award-winning book, Why Did We Choose to Industrialize? Montreal 1819–1849.L’auteur Robert C.H. Sweeny répond aux commentaires de son livre récompensé, Why Did We Choose to Industrialize? Montreal 1819–1849
- …
