60 research outputs found
Populating the Institutional Repository with Automated Content Harvesting
No full textThis presentation was given by Yrjo Lappalainen and Nikesh Narayanan, Zayed University Library and Learning Commons
This presentation provides an overview of ZU Scholars (https://zuscholars.zu.ac.ae) institutional repository, launched by Zayed University in 2021. Zayed University Library has developed a semi-automatic process to harvest metadata and CC-licensed full text files into the repository from various sources on a weekly basis. The approach has been successful as the Library has already harvested over 5300 metadata records and over 1000 CC-licensed full text files into the repository, resulting into over 40000 downloads. Future plans include generating custom reports from the repository data, pushing content into ORCID and establishing another semi-automatic process for requesting accepted author manuscripts </p
Full CI benchmark potentials for the 6e− system LI2 with a cbs extrapolation from AUG-CC-PCV5Z and AUG-CC-PCV6Z basis sets using FCIQMC and DMRG
Full text link"Being the simplest uncharged homonuclear dimer after H that has a stable ground state, Li is one of the most important benchmark systems for theory and experiment. In 1930, Delbr{\""u}ck used Li to test his theory of homopolar binding, and it was used again and again as a prototype to test what have now become some of the most ubiquitous concepts in molecular physics (LCAO, SCF, MO, just to name a few). Experimentally, Roscoe and Schuster studied alkali dimers back in 1874. At the dawn of quantum mechanics, the emerging types of spectroscopic analyses we now use today, were tested on Li in the labs of Wurm (1928), Harvey (1929), Lewis (1931), and many others, independently. Li was at the centre of the development of PFOODR in the 80s, and PAS in the 90s"and Lithium Bose-Einstein condensates were announced only 1 month after the Nobel Prize winning BEC announcement in 1995. Even now in the 2010s, numerous experimental and theoretical studies on Li have tested QED up to the 7th power of the fine structure constant. Li has also been of interest to sub-atomic physicists, as it was spectroscopic measurements on Li that determined the spin of Li to be 3/2 in 1931"and Li has been proposed in 2014 as a candidate for the first ``halo nucleonic molecule"".
The lowest triplet state is an excellent benchmark system for all newly emerging \textit{ab initio} techniques because it has only 6, its potential is only 334\,cm deep, it avoids harsh complications from spin-orbit coupling, and it is the deepest potential for which \textit{all} predicted vibrational energy levels have been observed with 0.0001\,cm precision. However the current best \textit{ab initio} potentials do not even yield all vibrational energy spacings correct to within 1\,cm. This could be because the calculation was only done on a cc-pV5Z basis set, or because the QCISD(T,full) method that the authors used, only considered triple excitations while a full CI calculation should include up to hexuple excitations. CCSDTQPH calculations have never yet been reported for anything larger than a DZ basis set, and deterministic FCI calculations for 6 have not exceeded the level of TZ basis sets. With FCIQMC and DMRG we are able to calculate the potential with all levels of excitation included, and the hardware requirements for an aug-cc-pCV6Z basis set are modest. Energies for aug-cc-pCVQZ have already converged to the full CI limit within 0.3\,cm, and 6Z potentials are underway."Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-26T21:38:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Previous issue date: 2016-06-2
CLIMATE CHANGE AND INCIDENCES OF TROPICAL CYCLONES IN COASTAL AREAS OF INDIA
No full textThe northern Indian Ocean consists by two seas namely the Bay of Bengal in the east side and the Arabian Sea located to the west side. The tropical cyclone activity in the Bay of Bengal is generally higher than that of the Arabian Sea. But new research has been conducted recently showed a drastic shift in this trend of cyclone incidences. In Indian Ocean five Cyclones forms annually in the Bay of Bengal and only one Cyclone develops in the Arabian Sea. But now a days risk scenario is drastically changing, about two years back in May 2020 cyclone Amphan gathered energy from anomalously high sea surface temperatures in the Bay of Bengal, intensified and turned into a catastrophic cyclone within a one day. After a span of one week, Nisarga cyclone was formed over the Arabian Sea and struck into western coast of India. The western part of the tropical Indian Ocean has been warming for about a century, at a rate of very high that is faster than any other region of tropical oceans of the World. Tropical Cyclones draw their power from warm waters, which is why they form over warm pool regions where temperatures are more 28 degrees celsius. Tauktae clearly demonstrates the relationship between global warming and cycones origin. The Indian east coast and the coasts of Bangladesh, Myanmar and Sri Lanka are more vulnerable to the incidence of tropical cyclones of the Bay of Bengal. The tropical cyclones wreak heavy loss of life and property in Bay of Bengal region every year. The Global climate changes resulting from different type of anthropogenic activities are likely to noticeable itself in the weather and climate of the Bay of Bengal region also
CLIMATE CHANGE AND INCIDENCES OF TROPICAL CYCLONES IN COASTAL AREAS OF INDIA
No full textThe northern Indian Ocean consists by two seas namely the Bay of Bengal in the east side and the Arabian Sea located to the west side. The tropical cyclone activity in the Bay of Bengal is generally higher than that of the Arabian Sea. But new research has been conducted recently showed a drastic shift in this trend of cyclone incidences. In Indian Ocean five Cyclones forms annually in the Bay of Bengal and only one Cyclone develops in the Arabian Sea. But now a days risk scenario is drastically changing, about two years back in May 2020 cyclone Amphan gathered energy from anomalously high sea surface temperatures in the Bay of Bengal, intensified and turned into a catastrophic cyclone within a one day. After a span of one week, Nisarga cyclone was formed over the Arabian Sea and struck into western coast of India. The western part of the tropical Indian Ocean has been warming for about a century, at a rate of very high that is faster than any other region of tropical oceans of the World. Tropical Cyclones draw their power from warm waters, which is why they form over warm pool regions where temperatures are more 28 degrees celsius. Tauktae clearly demonstrates the relationship between global warming and cycones origin. The Indian east coast and the coasts of Bangladesh, Myanmar and Sri Lanka are more vulnerable to the incidence of tropical cyclones of the Bay of Bengal. The tropical cyclones wreak heavy loss of life and property in Bay of Bengal region every year. The Global climate changes resulting from different type of anthropogenic activities are likely to noticeable itself in the weather and climate of the Bay of Bengal region also
The Study of Traditional Foods, Ornaments, Costumes and Housing Patterns of the People of Ravi River Basin in Himachal Pradesh, India
Full text linkMaize and wheat are the main staple food of the people of Ravi River basin in Himachal Pradesh. They also used to take rice occasionally in past, but now a day’s rice are used daily and it is also being commonly used in Chamba and Bhattiyat tehsils, where it is grown in abundance. In Bharmour tehsil, Cheena and inferior types of millets are used. Previously, the diet of Gaddis was simple and did not permit them much variation. They were known about the use of rice some of them occasionally take it, but they had to purchase it from the market (Census of India, 1961). Wheat and barley were the main Rabi crops and as such were also used in the form of chapatteis either single or mixed with kodra and maize. In Ravi River basin in Himachal Pradesh, the entire basin people wear western type of dresses. In winter season all the people of this basin wear woolen garments but in summer season they wear cotton garments. As would be expected, with the process of modernization, a change took place in the traditional dress (Punjab castes, 1916). The costume of the Gaddis, both men and women is characteristics and striking, and they can be easily recognized because of their traditional costume. Every region has wear jewellery that is typical and peculiar to it. Jewellery and ornaments were fashioned by goldsmiths (suniars) all over Ravi River basin in Himachal Pradesh (C. S. Panchani). The houses are generally two to three storeyed buildings with separate kitchen and cowshed and the design of the houses is not uniform but its design depends upon the location of site. In most of the houses provision of ventilation and light is very limited. In a mountainous area like Bharmour, the village is not laid out in a systematic way and a number of factors seem to have determined the pattern of settlement. The permanent villages of the Gaddis on an average lie between an altitudes of 7000 to 10000 feet above sea level and they are small sized villages ranging from 30 to 200 families. The inhabitants of most of these villages are exclusively the Gaddis (Punjab State Gazetteer, 1904)
MISLEADING ADVERTISEMENTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON CONSUMERS
No full textThe societal structure is based upon the reciprocal needs of each other. The nature of reciprocal needs expanded its horizon in due course of time and becomes complex and complicated further. This leads to generate the commerce activities in society. The basic core of which was that the existing societal structure was not sufficiently enough to accommodate the needs of society, which otherwise has to be fulfilled by external source. This basic core leads to start of commercial activities in the society. Initially the commercial activities were confined in small territorial region with the aim to fulfill the basic needs of the units of society. But these activities become expanded further and in place of needs of each other the profit becomes its motive. This motive of profit further expanded the activity of commerce which crosses many physical barriers in course of time to reach this present era of global commerce. This expansion of commercial activities for more and more profit demanded further expansion; and this expansion of commerce demanded the advertisements of the product. Advertisements are form of communication which is used to encourage the audience to take decisions for their purchase
Epitaxial engineering of high quality topological insulator films
No full textTopological insulator is an exciting phase of matter because at its boundaries reside table-top version of Dirac fermions, while its bulk is supposed to be insulating. However, in real materials this latter condition is often far from being fulfilled and the bulk of the material is usually highly conducting due to the presence of inevitable defects. The aim of this dissertation is to understand the role of these defects on electrical properties of chalcogenide based topological insulators and utilize this knowledge to fabricate high quality films. Topological insulator is an exciting phase of matter because at its boundaries reside table-top version of Dirac fermions, while its bulk is supposed to be insulating. However, in real materials this latter condition is often far from being fulfilled and the bulk of the material is usually highly conducting due to the presence of inevitable defects. The aim of this dissertation is to understand the role of these defects on electrical properties of chalcogenide based topological insulators and utilize this knowledge to fabricate high quality films. We start out by briefly introducing topological insulators. This is followed by Chapter 2, where we discuss experimental techniques that are pertinent to this work: thin film growth technique and electrical measurement. In Chapter 3, we will first seek theoretical understanding of role of defects in determining electrical properties of topological insulators and follow this by experimental results on Bi2Se3 films grown on epitaxially engineered virtual substrate, which show near ideal topological insulator behavior: namely, high mobility conduction through topological surface states and highly insulating bulk. We follow this in Chapter 4 with report of topological surface state originated quantum Hall effect in these films. A summary of results followed by future outlook will conclude the dissertation.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Nikesh Koiral
Uncertainties in computer spectroscopy from machine learning
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Previous issue date: 2019-06-17Computer spectrometers have recently been used to `measure' the energy associated with the C C ionization\footnote{\label{ref1}Nike Dattani (2018) ``0.06 cm Discrepancy for Li 2Li and 0.994 cm for C C between Laboratory and Computer Spectrometers'' Proceedings of the 73rd International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy.}, the Li 2Li separation, and the vibrational levels and vibrational spacings of Li\footnote{Nike Dattani (2017)
``Computer Spectrometers''. Proceedings of the 72nd International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy.}\footnote{Nike Dattani, Sandeep Sharma, Ali Alavi (2016)
``Full CI Benchmark Potentials for the 6e System Li with a CBS Extrapolation from aug-cc-pCV5Z and aug-cc-pCV6Z Basis Sets Using FCIQMC and DMRG''. Proceedings of the 71st International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy.}. These were all cases involving up to 6 electrons. Up to at least 6 electrons, computer spectroscopy has been as accurate, almost as accurate, or in some cases \textit{even more accurate}, than the best laboratory spectrometers, for measuring quantities such as ionization energies and dissociation energies, but we lag behind laboratory experimentalists when it comes to assigning uncertainties on our `measurements': There is no easy way to do it accurately. Typically basis set incompleteness is the biggest source of uncertainty in computer spectroscopy. Energies are calculated with larger and larger basis sets, and then an extrapolation is done to approximate a CBS (complete basis set) energy. The uncertainty associated with this approximation can be estimated based on doing multiple extrapolations, with slightly different models, and looking at the spread of extrapolated values, but this is still a rather \textit{ad hoc} way to estimate the uncertainty. Similar extrapolation schemes are also starting to become popular for estimating the correlation energy at a given basis set size.
My proposal is to develop a way to assign uncertainties to computer spectroscopy measurements in a way more similar to how it is done for laboratory instruments. Instruments often have a `precision rating' based on the likelihood that the true value of the measured quantity is outside a specified window of precision around the number reported by the instrument. The measurement uncertainties reported in NIST's atomic spectra database are 1 uncertainties, meaning that there is approximately a 1/3 chance of the true value being outside of the reported error bar. The precision rating can therefore be calibrated by doing many measurements, but for computer spectrometers we rely on building a big database and doing machine learning. I discuss the determination of uncertainties both for CBS extrapolations and for FCI energy estimations
Stance detection enhanced by large language models
No full textDoctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Computer ScienceDoina CarageaStance detection, a subfield of opinion mining, is an important task in Natural Language Processing (NLP) that involves determining the attitude or position expressed by an author of a text towards a particular topic or claim, generally referred to as target. More specifically, the task involves automatically determining if an author of a text is In-Favor (Positive), Against (Negative), or Neutral towards a given target. Accurate stance detection is crucial for understanding complex social issues, guiding policy decisions, and shaping effective interventions. While the field of NLP has seen significant progress, capturing nuanced stances from diverse and often ambiguous data remains a challenge. Recent developments in Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed the field by offering unprecedented capabilities in interpreting subtle linguistic cues and context-dependent meanings. This dissertation advances the field of stance detection by utilizing Large Language Models (LLMs) to improve methodologies across multiple critical and socially impactful domains.
In this dissertation, we first explore LLM-enhanced approaches to stance detection in the socially controversial and polarizing topics of gun regulation and vaccines. We introduce the GunStance dataset, consisting of social media posts from X (formerly Twitter) posted by X users after major mass shooting events in the United States. By integrating labeled and unlabeled posts, this dataset allows comprehensive exploration of a semi-supervised learning framework in the context of stance detection. We propose a novel hybrid model that combines semi-supervised techniques with LLMs and show that our approach significantly outperforms traditional stance detection approaches.
Furthermore, we assemble a large dataset of social media posts from X, capturing the vaccine discourse over a decade. The dataset includes seven years before COVID-19, as well as three COVID-19 years. Leveraging LLMs, social cognition theories and emotional dynamics, we analyze the vaccine dataset to capture the evolving public attitudes towards vaccines before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study reveals increasing polarization and heightened emotional engagement, with a notable rise in vaccine skepticism amid the global health crisis.
Expanding into the less controversial but important financial domain, we construct a financial stance detection corpus from annual 10-K reports filed to U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and earnings call transcripts (ECT) by extracting short text fragments relevant to key financial metrics, such as debt, earnings per share (EPS), and sales, and annotating them using LLM-driven methodologies with strict human validation. This financial stance detection corpus facilitates extensive evaluation of LLMs' ability to detect subtle stances towards financial metrics, a task that requires complex reasoning. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of LLMs in performing accurate stance detection without extensive labeled data, showcasing their potential for real-world financial analysis applications.
Building upon these insights, we also introduce the Modular Prompt Optimization for Stance Detection (MoPrO-SD) framework. This framework utilizes the prompt optimization capabilities of LLMs by breaking down the complex stance detection prompt into modular, optimizable components. Each module is iteratively refined using LLMs as prompt optimizers, leading to an improved prompt that outperforms human-crafted prompts on several stance detection benchmarks.
Collectively, this dissertation advances the field of stance detection by providing comprehensive evidence on the use of LLMs to enhance the performance, adaptability, and efficiency of stance detection methodologies across social media posts and financial documents, offering an analytical and scalable framework for informed and nuanced decision-making in an increasingly digital and interconnected world
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