Central Asian Journal of Theoretical and Applied Science
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1236 research outputs found
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Reducing and Determination Black Carbon and Carbon Dioxide Emissions into Atmosphere to Reduce Global Warming
No full textOne of the most important causes of global warming is sooty smokes emissions in the atmosphere containing both solid fine particles of black carbon and carbon dioxide gas. To reduce and determination these emissions into the atmosphere, we divided the work into two steps, step one is separating the black carbon (BC) molecules from the smoke directly, leaving only the gas behind such as CO2 gas absorbed and reacted with NaOH solution, Na2CO3 results. Reaction the resulting crop withe Ca(OH)2 for give CaCO3 as salts. These steps can be done first by locking the smoke which is produced by the burnings of fossil fuels in the industries, electric power plants…etc, then by using air pumps we can drag these amounts of smoke through heat-tolerant pipes (we used heavy iron pipes) continuously first into cooling chamber –then we can use strong plastic pipes to reduce the cost- and after it is cooled then transported into the solid-gas separating chamber and to the other processes . The study is characterized by low cost and economic feasibility achieved of the work. The materials used are inexpensive and already available
Floor Formation Technology for Rice Cultivated Areas
No full textThe article highlights information about the technology for forming floors in rice fields. Based on the results of the research conducted, it was found that the devices used to form floors in rice fields lack compacting mechanisms, which prevents their durability from being ensured. As a result, in necessary cases, the formed floors require additional manual labor for processing, leading to excessive costs
Analysing the Color Properties of Sol-gel Prepared Copper Oxide Thin Films
No full textThis research presented a study of the effect of annealing time at temperatures400 and 500°C on the Color properties of copper oxide films prepared using the sol-gel technique, and tests were conducted on them XRD, UV-visible and hall effect. .X-ray diffraction patterns showed the CuO, and the material was well crystalline. Visual tests showed that the transmittance was 85% at 500° C in the visible region. Color values were observed using the CIELAB colorimetric method, and two important color characteristics were measured: the color angle, which ranged between (25.54°-27.29°) and Chrome which was between (72.09 -74.15). The results of electrical measurements confirmed that the conductivity of the thin films increases with increasing annealing temperatures and that all thin films are of the p-type
Field Deformation Tests at the Construction Site of HPP Structures in Uzbekistan
No full textThis article presents an analysis of the conducted studies aimed at determining the properties of rock materials used in the construction of the Pskem HPP dam. Engineering-geological surveys were carried out at the dam construction site. Deformation tests were conducted using the static loading method on the rock surface through a rigid concrete stamp.
The fracture void coefficient was determined at the test stamp sites. The deformation modulus (E) was calculated based on the loading branch by varying the normal pressure from zero to the maximum value (σmax) within the studied cycle. The calculated deformation and elasticity moduli were derived from load-unload cycle tests, in which specific normal loads reached levels corresponding to the maximum operational loads on the dam foundation.
Following the deformation tests, shear tests were performed on the same concrete stamps. The article presents the results of geomechanical studies of the aleurolite rock massif, conducted in the right-bank experimental adit at the Pskem HPP dam construction site
Theoretical Studies of Electronic Transition Characteristics of Zn-ZnO Interface
No full textElectron transfer processes play a crucial role in chemical, physical, and electronic systems, particularly in metal-semiconductor interfaces used in devices like photovoltaics and LEDs. Among these, the Zn/ZnO interface is notable for its practical applicability, owing to ZnO’s wide bandgap and semiconductor properties. Despite theoretical models, the detailed impact of material-specific optical constants on reorientation energy and electron transfer rate remains inadequately characterized. This study theoretically investigates the electronic transition characteristics at the Zn–ZnO interface by calculating the reorientation energy and electron transfer rate using quantum theory and MATLAB-based simulations. Findings demonstrate that electron transfer rate increases with decreased orientation energy, driven by enhanced energy level alignment. Maximum orientation energy (0.408 eV) was observed at 4.06 eV, with corresponding lowest transfer rate, whereas minimum orientation energy (0.334 eV) at 2.119 eV yielded higher transfer rates. The refractive index and dielectric constants derived from extinction and refraction coefficients significantly affect transition parameters. This work provides a detailed theoretical framework combining quantum transition models with empirical refractive and dielectric data to quantify energy alignment and transfer efficiency at a Zn/ZnO interface. The results offer a refined approach to predicting and optimizing electron transfer behavior in Zn/ZnO-based optoelectronic devices, informing future material design for enhanced energy conversion efficiency
Black Mold Fungal Disease That Affects Some Vegetable and Fruit (Literature Review)
No full textAspergillus genus containing many species which considered one of the most fungal disease involving plant, Fruit and vegetable conceded one of the biggest source of fibers ,minerals and vitamins providing human being with energy ,enhancing health and youth of skin ,decreasing cardiac disease , Black mold mostly involving plat during warm condition especially during storage when suitable condition for growth of fungi occure even after harvest ,black mold disease can involve many fruit &vegetable , initial symptoms of infection appear on the top of the plant in the form of black spots or lines around the top or on the sides or the entire plant like the onion plant and garlic also involving fruit like the grape, apple and pomegranates as well as producing toxin (mycotoxin) that causing contamination effect of agricultural plant, as Aspergillus strain can producing toxin known as aflatoxin which had positioning effect to human after ingestion of infected food ,disease by aspergillus increased over the year so that this review focused on some causes and main plant involved by aspergillus spp. With some available application to reduced thi
Synthesis and Identification of Novel 1,3-Oxazepane-7,4-Dione Compounds via the Reaction of Succinic Anhydride with Schiff's Base and Assessment of Biological Activity
No full textThis research showed how to use a cycloaddition method to make and describe new cyclic compounds, mainly oxazepine derivatives. Terephthalaldehyde and substituted aniline reacted with each other in an ethanol solvent under acidic conditions. Glacial acetic acid was used as a catalyst in this reaction. The final product was 1,1'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(N-substituted-methenamine) (H1-H6). We subsequently subjected these azomethines to pericyclic production in dry benzene using succinic anhydride, resulting in the production of 2,2'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(3-(substituted)-1,3-oxazepane-4,7-dione) (H7-H12). We employed the FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectra to investigate the physicochemical properties of the produced compounds (H1 to H12). We tested the oxazepine compounds (H7, H8, H9, H10, H11, and H12) against different types of bacteria, such as gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (E. coli), to see how well they worked against bacteria compared to common antibiotics like ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. We employed three concentrations in DMSO: (0.01, 0.001, and 0.0001) mg/ml. The compounds They exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This implies their potential for use as antimicrobials
Digitalization of the Calculation of the Need for Fuel and Oil Products of Fire Engines
No full textthis article studied the procedure for calculating the fuel and oil consumption standards of fire-fighting and Accident-Rescue vehicles, carried out analyzes and proposals for the effective use of modern Information Communication Technologies in the implementation of accounting work
Optimization of Activated Carbon Preparation Process Using Eggplant Stems with Response Surface Methodology
No full textThis research investigates the key factors affecting the production of activated carbon from eggplant stems, aiming to optimize the process and enhance the value of agricultural by-products. Eggplant stems were utilized as the raw material, with potassium carbonate serving as the activating agent. The study examined variables including the amount of activator (A), carbonization temperature (B), and activation temperature (C). Through single-factor experiments, the preparation process was optimized using a combination of response surface methodology and the entropy weight method. A comprehensive evaluation score (Y) was derived from the activated carbon yield, iodine adsorption capacity, and methylene blue adsorption capacity. A quadratic regression model was established: This research investigates the key factors affecting the production of activated carbon from eggplant stems, aiming to optimize the process and enhance the value of agricultural by-products. Eggplant stems were utilized as the raw material, with potassium carbonate serving as the activating agent. The study examined variables including the amount of activator (A), carbonization temperature (B), and activation temperature (C). Through single-factor experiments, the preparation process was optimized using a combination of response surface methodology and the entropy weight method. A comprehensive evaluation score (Y) was derived from the activated carbon yield, iodine adsorption capacity, and methylene blue adsorption capacity. A quadratic regression model was developed ( R2 = 0.9602), indicating a high degree of accuracy. The factors were ranked in order of influence as follows: activator amount > activation temperature > carbonization temperature. The activator amount was identified as having the most significant effect on the score (P < 0.01), with a notable interaction between carbonization and activation temperatures (P < 0.05). The optimized preparation conditions included an activator dosage of 2.22 g, a carbonization temperature of 323°C, and an activation temperature of 714°C. Under these conditions, the results showed a yield of 29.25%, an iodine adsorption capacity of 886.78 mg/g, a methylene blue adsorption capacity of 140.90 mg/g, and a composite score of 0.677, with a relative error of just 0.296%. The established model effectively predicts and evaluates the preparation of activated carbon from eggplant stems, demonstrating a stable and reliable process. Additionally, the methylene blue adsorption performance of the activated carbon meets the first-grade standards for water purification
Analysis Of Physico-Chemical Properties of Rainwater and Groundwater in Gas Flare Environments in Rivers-East and Rivers-West Senatorial Districts of Rivers State
No full textThis study analyzes the physico-chemical quality of rainwater and groundwater in gas flare environments in Rivers East and West Senatorial Districts during the wet season of 2024. Four water samples (2 rainwater and 2 groundwater) were collected at 100 and 300 meters from the Olo or Rumuekpe and Ebocha, respectively, gas flare environments and analyzed for various parameters. Results showed that groundwater had higher mean concentrations for EC (81.83 ms/cm), TDS (92.50 mg/L), total alkalinity (10 mg/L), phosphate (1.08 mg/L), nitrate (1.73 mg/L), sulphate (7.33 mg/L), pH (7.07), DO (9.39 mg/L), BOD (13.27 mg/L), total hardness (44.51 mg/L), and COD (38.37 mg/L) compared to rainwater. Rainwater had higher turbidity (3.98 mg/L), temperature (28.86 °C), chloride (48.52 mg/L), and TSS (109.38 mg/L). The study recommends that the Rivers State Ministries of Health and Environment should strictly supervise borehole drilling to ensure compliance with safe drinking water standards that would prevent the occurrences of diarrhea, cholera and other waterborne diseases and public health issues associated with unsafe drinking water