Central Asian Journal of Theoretical and Applied Science
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Beruni on The Holidays of Khorezmsk People
No full textThis article examines the historical formation and development of national holidays in the Khorezm oasis by conducting a comparative analysis of Abu Rayhan Beruni’s renowned work "Monuments Left by Ancient Peoples" and other written historical sources. The study seeks to highlight how traditional celebrations in Khorezm originated, evolved, and became culturally significant within the broader historical and social context. Special attention is given to Beruni’s documentation of ancient customs, which is critically compared with contemporary scholarly interpretations and historical literature. By integrating classical narratives with modern academic perspectives, the article offers new insights into the transformation and continuity of national holiday traditions in the region. The analysis also considers different historiographical approaches and emerging viewpoints in order to draw well-founded conclusions about the role of holidays in reflecting collective identity, social cohesion, and historical memory. Ultimately, this study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the Khorezm oasis’s rich cultural heritage and its connection to the broader legacy of Central Asian civilizations
Effect of Smoking and E-cigarette(Vape) on Liver Enzymes and Lipid Profile in Iraqi People with Dyslipidemia and Liver Disease
No full textThere is an increased trend of e-cigarette but the toxic effects of e-cigarette metabolites are not widely studied especially in liver disease. Study showed evaluate the prevalence and patterns of recent e-cigarette use in a nationally representative sample of Iraqi adults are association with liver disease and revealed a significant association between e-cigarette use, dyslipidemia, in Iraqi adults and adolescents. 88% of e-cigarette users with comorbid liver disease and dyslipidemia exhibited elevated liver enzyme levels, underscoring a potential pathophysiological interplay between lipid dysregulation and hepatotoxicity. Among hepatic biomarkers, serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) demonstrated the strongest independent correlation with lipid profile derangements, positioning GGT and hyperlipidemia as critical biomarkers for monitoring lipid-induced hepatic injury and its clinical progression. liver disease exhibited lower e-cigarette use prevalence compared to non smoker (6.4%) smokers (7.2%), multivariate logistic regression identified e-cigarette use (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.05–1.06, *p*<0.0001) and non smoker (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.50–1.51, p<0.0001) as independent risk factors for liver disease history. Paradoxically, despite lower absolute e-cigarette use frequency in liver disease cohorts, the elevated odds ratios highlight a disproportionate risk burden in dyslipidemic individuals. Additionally, traditional cigarette smokers showed significantly higher hemoglobin (Hb) levels than e-cigarette users, implying divergent systemic effects of smoking types
Artificial Neural Network-Based Energy Management System for Optimized Solar Photovoltaic Performance
No full textThe purpose of this research is to offer an improved maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method that makes use of artificial neural networks (ANN) in order to maximise the effectiveness of photovoltaic (PV) systems. Through the process of estimating and adjusting the duty cycle of the DC-DC converter in order to track the maximum power point, the suggested ANN controller is able to regulate itself in response to climatic circumstances (irradiance and temperature). For the purpose of training the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm, measurements from a perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm are recorded under a range of different climatic circumstances. The usefulness of the suggested technique is demonstrated by simulation and experimental findings, which show that the new method is more efficient, has fewer oscillations, and has less overshoot than traditional P&O MPPT methods. The performance of the proposed method has been confirmed by experimental verification using the DC-DC Converter and the supporting platform under steady-state conditions
The Importance of Construction on the Performance of a Hydraulic Ram Water Pump
No full textThe article discusses the operation of the hydraulic shock water pump and the reasons for its efficiency in simple language and elementary methods. Although the hydraulic shock water pump is considered a long-standing invention, it continues to be studied by scientists around the world. This article also clearly shows that it is possible to increase efficiency through methods that reduce various losses in hydraulic devices. It discusses how the characteristics of hydraulic shock effects depend on the design
The Combination Effect of Silver Nanoparticle and Some Antibiotics Against Staphylococcus Aureus and E.Coli Isolated From Wounds and Burns in Kirkuk City
No full textThe study included the isolation and identificstion of some species of pathogenic bacteria from wounds and in burn patients in Kirkuk city during the period from January 2023 to March 2024. 100 samples were collected from in Azadi Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk City The isolates were diagnosed by routine methods, and the diagnosis was confirmed by using the Vitik Compact system. The percentage of wound samples was 55% and the percentage of burn samples was 45%. The results of the culture showed that 15 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus appeared at a rate of 23% and 13 isolates of Escherichia coli at a rate of 20%. The highest bacterial infection rate was in the age groups (60-75) years with 25 isolates 25% and the age group (1-30) years recorded the least infection with 17 17.5%, while the infection rate of males was higher than females at 37% and 27% for females. The effectiveness of the manufactured nanoparticles was tested against bacterial isolates, as five different concentrations were used: 3, 6, 12, 25 and 50 micrograms per ml. All concentrations showed inhibiting the growth of most bacterial isolates. The results showed that silver nanoparticles recorded the highest inhibitory activity at a concentration of 50 micrograms on E.coli and Staph. Aureus with inhibition diameters (19 and 13) mm, respectively. The results Showed the synergism between the particles and ampicillin against E.coli and S.aureus bacteria with an inhibition diameter of 30 and 36 mm, respectively
Analytical Methods for Solving Mathematical Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations
No full textThis study addresses the analytical resolution of systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which are foundational in modeling various dynamic processes across scientific fields. While numerous methods exist, a clear comparative framework for solving linear systems remains underexplored. This paper fills that gap by employing and contrasting three core techniques: the D-operator method, eigenvalue analysis, and integral transforms (especially Laplace). Each method is applied to illustrative examples, demonstrating their efficiency, limitations, and the conditions under which they yield general solutions. The results reveal that integral transforms, particularly Laplace, offer more streamlined solutions for linear systems with initial conditions, while eigenvalue methods excel in homogeneous cases. These findings provide valuable insights for selecting appropriate analytical tools in mathematical modeling and engineering applications.
 
Synthesis, Computational Studies and Characterization of Some a Novel Charge-transfer Complexes Derivative from 4-(11-methyltriphenylen-2-Yl)-1,2,3-selenadiazole
No full textA new group of charge-transfer complexes,of chemical material were synthesized in the current study using a direct method with a good yield. We reacted 4-(11-methyltriphenylen-2-yl)-1,2,3-selenadiazole with four different types of quinones in a 1:1 mole ratio, using acetonitrile as the solvent. Each compound was identified with the help of analytical techniques like mass spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, UV, and IR. The chemical structures suggested for the synthesized compounds were in agreement with the analysis findings. The DFT (functional theory of density) was utilized to analyze, the structure of the molecules of the developed charge-transfer complexes. During the process of geometry optimization, the HOMO, LUMO surfaces, and energy gap were created utilizing the (3–21G) as the base set of geometrical structures. Charge-transfer,complex-containing compounds' molecular outlines and geometry have been evaluated through the geometrical optimization process. Through the study of donor-acceptor interactions, we have also been comparing the HOMO energies of the molecules in charge-transfer complexes. On the other hand, it was calculated and analyzed the gap energy, ionization potential, electron affinity, electronegativity, and electrophilicity of compounds containing charge-transfer complexes
Elevated Serum Apelin, Insulin, and IL-17 Levels in Middle-Aged Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Associations with Hepatic Enzyme Alterations
No full textThe "current study investigated changes in serum levels of apelin, insulin, and the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 17 (IL-17) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM). Additionally, as biomarkers for hepatic disorders, serum levels of the liver enzymes ALP, AST, and ALT were assessed in type 2 DM patients aged 40-60 years, with an equal distribution of men and women. Comparative analysis revealed a significant increase (p<0.05) in serum levels of apelin and insulin, with similar trends observed across both genders. Notably, IL-17 levels were also significantly elevated (p<0.05) in the type 2 DM group compared to control subjects. Furthermore, serum levels of ALP, AST, and ALT were significantly higher (p<0.05) in type 2 DM patients than in the control group. These findings, consistent with prior research, indicate that type 2 DM is associated with elevated apelin and IL-17 levels, contributing to significant insulin resistance through complex signaling pathways. Consequently, patients, irrespective of gender but likely influenced by their age (40-60 years), exhibit higher serum insulin levels compared to healthy" controls
Synthesis, and Characterization of Novel Tetrazole Derivatives with Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Antibacterial Activities
No full textAbstract: This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of novel tetrazole derivatives (Y8-Y14). The compounds were synthesized through the reaction of Schiff bases with sodium azide in tetrahydrofuran under reflux. The structural confirmation was performed using FT-IR and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy, revealing characteristic absorption bands and chemical shifts indicative of successful synthesis. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging method. Compound Y12 exhibited excellent antioxidant properties, with the highest scavenging activity (103.4%) at a concentration of 7.8125 µg/mL, comparable to ascorbic acid. The cytotoxic activity of compound Y12 was tested against breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and normal cell lines (WRL68) using the MTT assay. Y12 showed significant cytotoxic effects with an IC₅₀ value of 206 µg/mL, demonstrating its potential as a therapeutic agent for breast cancer treatment. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds was assessed against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) using the well diffusion method. The compounds displayed varying inhibition zones, with activity increasing proportionally with concentration. Control antibiotics such as amoxicillin, ampicillin, and ciprofloxacin were used for comparison. The study highlights the promising biological activities of these tetrazole derivatives, including their antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antibacterial properties, suggesting their potential application in medical and pharmaceutical fields
History of Talant Management
No full textTalent management, as we know it today, has evolved over time due to changing workforces and business needs. Early forms focused on identifying and developing high-potential individuals within organizations. Systematic approaches, including performance management systems and training programs, emerged in the 20th century. Today, talent management is a holistic process that encompasses the recruitment, development, engagement, and retention of talent, with a focus on creating a positive employee experience and fostering a culture of continuous learning