Central Asian Journal of Theoretical and Applied Science
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Hydraulic Modeling of Dispersed Flow
No full textThis study focuses on evaluating the operational conditions of supply channels within irrigation system pumping stations, with a particular emphasis on those associated with the Karshi main canal. The primary objective is to devise new approaches to optimize the functioning of key components in order to achieve energy-efficient operations. Through the integration of innovative elements into irrigation systems during refurbishment, the study aims to diminish hydraulic losses per unit power of pumping units, resulting in additional energy savings and reduced technological costs. The significance of the research findings lies in the development of an original expression of the Stokes criterion, which aids in characterizing the behavior of multiphase water flows interacting with clay sediment particles on solid surfaces, such as those present in coastal protection structures. A hydraulic model has been devised to illustrate the dynamics of dispersed water flow interacting with solid surfaces, thereby providing valuable insights into the intricate processes involved.
A DC-DC Converter with a Single Switch Design for Battery-Powered Electrical Vehicles
No full textWe recommend a new single-switch transformer with a lower-lift DC-DC converter for vehicles that use energy components. The designed topology enhances the converter's voltage addition while decreasing the voltage load on the force switch using an integrated LC2D yield and an exchanged capacitor multiplier. In addition, the suggested converter can accommodate the energy component's large voltage fluctuations because of its broad voltage gain range. As the acid dissolves, the sulfuric acid molecules disintegrate into free-moving sulphate ions and positive hydrogen ions (2H+). Consider a situation where two electrodes are linked to a DC source and submerged in a solution. The hydrogen ions would then be brought to the electrodes, which would be positively charged and connected to the supply's negative terminal. The SO ions, which are negatively charged, made their way to the electrodes that were linked to the positive end of the power main's supply (i.e., anode). Sulfuric and hydrogen acids are produced when hydrogen ions remove one electron from the cathode and sulphate ions remove two negative ions from the anodes in a reaction with water. Lead peroxide is formed when oxygen, generated from the preceding equation, combines with lead oxide (PbO2.) Consequently, although the lead anode is transformed into lead peroxide a chocolate-coloured substance the lead cathode stays lead. The proposed converter's operational requirements and consistent state evaluations are presented. Because the suggested converter's semiconductor components are only subjected to a voltage stress of around 50% of the output voltage, a power switch with a lower rated voltage can be used
Mechanical and Morphological Comparison of Naoh-Treated Banana Fiber Reinforced Glass Fiber
No full textIn addition to having excellent mechanical qualities, banana fibre is a naturally occurring fibre material that is available in vast quantities. By producing hybrid composite materials that are in great demand, we are able to make use of those features in the field of mechanical engineering. The purpose of this study is to analyse the hybrid composite material t hat is created from banana fibre and S2 glass fibre and reinforced with epoxy resin and hardener HY951. The creation of the first sample was accomplished by the use of the hand lay-up technique, whereas the second sample was made by treating the banana fibre with a solution of sodium hydroxide. The preparation of the sample involves the distribution of a uniform compression load. Finally, the produced samples were tested for tensile and flexural strength in accordance with ASTM standards in order to evaluate the differences and similarities between the two samples. The findings indicate that the sample that was not treated with NaOH possesses a high tensile strength, whereas the solution that was treated with NaOH demonstrates a high flexural test. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to analyse the morphological characteristics, which results in a strong bonding strength for the engineering application
The Geographical Nature of The City of Qom and Its Impact On The Societal Diversity of Its Residents in Islamic
No full textThis research revolves around studying the geographical nature of the city of Qom and its impact on the social diversity of its inhabitants during the Islamic eras. Qom city is characterized by a strategically important location near the Iranian capital, Tehran, and this geographical nature has influenced the diversity of the community and cultures in the city over the centuries. As a prominent religious center in Islam, Qom attracted Muslims from various races and cultures, leading to the exchange of cultures and peaceful coexistence among the population. The city has evolved over time to become an important industrial and economic center, making it home to various industries and a distribution hub for petroleum and fuels. However, cultural and religious heritage remains an integral part of the city's identity, as it is rich in important religious landmarks and historical sites that attract visitors from around the world. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the geographical nature of Qom plays a significant role in shaping social and cultural diversity, and in promoting communication and understaning among the population during and after the Islamic eras
Study of Some Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Bottled Drinking Water Brands in Hilla City/ Iraq
No full textThe current study was conducted in Al-Hilla city on 10 factories that produce bottled water. Physical and chemical tests were conducted on the studied samples. the PH values ranged between (7.2-8). The electrical conductivity was (99-153) μS/cm and the nitrate values were (0.1-0.9) ppm. The values of Total hardness ranged between (20-84) ppm, while the elements of potassium and sodium ranged between (0.2-2.9) ppm, (1.2-13) ppm, respectively. The turbidity values ranged between (0.52-1.5) NTU and The TDS values ranged between (75-102) ppm, All physical and chemical tests were within the parameters recommended by the World Health Organization (WQI) and the Iraqi Ministry of Healt
Assessment of Trace Elements Pollution in Sediments & Water of some Rivers in Karbala City
No full textThis study aims to assess the levels of trace element pollution, specifically cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), in the sediments and water of the Al-Hussainiya River and Shatt Al-Hindiya River in Karbala City, Iraq. The research was conducted over five months, from November 2022 to March 2023, with samples collected at seven different stations. The analysis focused on determining monthly variations in the concentrations of these elements and their correlation with environmental factors. The study employed Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) for the quantification of trace metals. The results indicated significant spatial and temporal variations in Pb and Cd concentrations, with the highest levels recorded at station 6 in January (Pb: 22.9967 µg/L in water, 26.74 mg/kg in sediment) and station 7 in November (Cd: 3.68 µg/L in water, 7.767 mg/kg in sediment). The elevated levels of these metals are attributed to human activities, such as industrial discharges and wastewater runoff. These findings raise concerns about the ecological and health risks posed by metal contamination in these river systems
A Computational Study of the Effect of Adsorbed Nickel on the Hydrogen Storage Capacity in the Solid State on the Surface of Molybdenum Disulfide
No full textHydrogen is a promising renewable energy carrier, but its safe storage remains a major challenge, particularly in achieving acceptable volumetric density. Recent research has explored solid compound storage methods. This study investigates the adsorption of nine hydrogen (H₂) molecules on a nickel-adsorbed molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) supercell (3×3×1) using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and the CASTEP program. Geometry optimization was used to describe the system's exchange-correlation energy. Results showed that the hydrogen molecules, with binding energies between 0.28 eV and 0.73 eV, were adsorbed on the surface with a total adsorption energy of 3.4 eV. These binding energies suggest that hydrogen can be released through simple heating, indicating potential for practical storage applications
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Study of Azo-Schiff Base Compound and Its Complexes with Cobalt and Nickel
No full textAzo compounds are known for their diverse applications in coordination chemistry, yet their potential with specific ligands remains underexplored. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize a new azo compound through a two-step reaction involving 4-nitroaniline and 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde, followed by condensation with 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane. The resulting ligand was then complexed with cobalt and nickel. The ligand and its metal complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR, mass spectrometry, and 1H NMR. The findings provide insights into the structural properties of the ligand and its complexes, contributing to the understanding of their potential in catalysis, materials science, or pharmaceutical applications
Development and Validation of Visible Spectrophotometry Method For Determination of Vitamin B9 Folic Acid In Pure And Pharmaceutical Formulations
No full textFolate, forms of which are known as folic acid and vitamin B9, is one of the B vitamins 2 Folic acid helps your body produce and maintain new cells, and also helps prevent changes to DNA that may lead to cancer therefor our study describe sensitive, precise, and dependable spectrophotometric technique has been developed to accurately detect the concentration of vitamin B9 Folic acid in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. Depend on formation of ion-pair between vitamin B9 and methyl violet 10B dye. This reaction results in an orange-coloured solution that is soluble in water and shows absorption maxima at wavelengths of 446 and 367 nm when compared to a blank solution. The analytical technique was implemented and validated by thoroughly examining and optimizing various factors that could potentially disrupt the reaction. Significant linear relationships, characterized by correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9968 to 0.9974, were observed under optimal conditions. These associations remained consistent throughout concentration ranges of 0.625- 12.5μg/ml for 446 ,367 nm respectively. While the value of the molar absorption coefficient 48907.12 & 40873.64 L.mol-1.cm-1 at 446,367 nm respectively with the limits of qualitative and quantitative detection 0.1624,0.5415 and 0.1619 , 0.5399 μg / ml , respectively.The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of folic acid in its pharmaceutical preparations, from Erbil Company – Iraq. Trade name"(folic acide)
Формирование Национальной Инновационной Системы – Одна Из Приоритетных Задач Повышения Экспортного Потенциала Республики Узбекистан
No full textВ статье рассматриваются вопросы состояния и перспективы формирования, с учетом опыта ведущих государств с инновационной экономикой, национальной инновационной системы Республики Узбекистан, обеспечивающий повышения экспортного потенциала путем развития инфраструктуры обновления технической и технологической базы «драйверных» отраслей промышленности