324,056 research outputs found
Combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy for urological malignancies
No full textPhoton radiotherapy has repeatedly been described to elicit effects beyond mere inhibition of tumor cell clonogenicity: immunomodulatory phenomena including radiation-induced expression of tumor-associated antigens, increased recruitment and functioning of immunocompetent cells and secretion of immunomodulatory messengers have been described to explain the radiation responses of tumor lesions outside of irradiated volumes ("abscopal effect") in both preclinical models and clinical cases. With radiotherapy only, the abscopal effect is only rarely observed, but several trials have suggested combining modern immunotherapy with radiation to increase both frequency and intensity of the abscopal effect. Urological malignancies are commonly described as immunogenic malignancies. Both radiotherapy and immunotherapy are typical components of modern treatment regimes. Combining both modalities is expected to result in increased efficacy within and beyond irradiated lesions. However, prospective clinical trials have not yet provided mature results for oncological efficacy and toxicity of combined modality treatments in urological malignancies. This review details the preclinical rationale for combining photon radiotherapy with immunotherapy, summarizes early clinical experience, and provides a perspective for potential, future innovative combination treatments.Die Bestrahlung mit Photonen ruft jenseits ihres zytotoxischen Effekts auf die Klonogenität von Tumorzellen Immunmodulationen hervor, die mit der vermehrten Expression tumorassoziierter Antigene, der erhöhten Rekrutierung und Funktionalität immunkompetenter Zellen sowie dem Freiwerden immunmodulierender Botenstoffe einhergehen. Präklinisch und vereinzelt auch klinisch ist gezeigt worden, dass diese Phänomene zur Strahlenwirkung auch jenseits des bestrahlten Volumens führen können („abscopal effect“). Bei alleiniger Strahlentherapie ist dieser Effekt nur selten zu beobachten, während mehrere Studien nahelegen, dass die kombinierte Gabe einer immunonkologischen Therapie zur Bestrahlung den „abscopal effect“ in seiner Häufigkeit und Intensität steigern kann. Urologische Tumorerkrankungen werden typischerweise zu den immunogenen Tumorentitäten gezählt, und sowohl die Radiotherapie als auch die Immuntherapie gehören aktuell zu den fest etablierten Therapiemodalitäten. Von der Kombination beider Verfahren ist eine gesteigerte Effektivität innerhalb wie außerhalb der Strahlenvolumina zu erwarten und bis dato in kleineren Studien gezeigt worden. Nun ist es größeren, aktuell rekrutierenden Studien vorbehalten, die klinische Effektivität und die Toxizität verschiedenartig kombinierter Therapieregime zu untersuchen. Die vorliegende Arbeit erläutert die präklinische Rationale der Radioimmuntherapie, fasst aktuelle klinische Erfahrungen zusammen und erlaubt einen Ausblick in potentielle, zukünftige und innovative Kombinationstherapien
Decentralized control system for participation of plug-in electric vehicles in the load frequency control of a microgrid
No full textThe penetration level of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) has a potential to be remarkably increased in the near future. As a result, the smart power systems will have new challenges and opportunities. The energy storing capability of PEV s is an attractive capability that enables PEV s to participate in providing ancillary services, e.g., load frequency control (LFC). This paper evaluates the participation of PEV s in load frequency control of a microgrid (MG) by using a decentralized multi-agent based control system. According to the proposed multi-agent based scheme, each PEV is considered as an agent that makes a synchronized decision for the participation in the LFC according to the global information. The required global information is discovered through the average consensus algorithm (ACA). The effect of time delay on the proposed method is investigated. Simulation studies are carried out in MATLAB-Simulink and show the effectiveness of the proposed decentralized control scheme
Islamic Scholars in Malay Archipelago: Sheikh Daud al-Fatani (1769-1847M) Contribution‘s in Fiqh al-Shafie
Get PDFMalay world had produced scholars who expert in fiqh, akidah, akhlak, Sufism, and another area. They actively disseminated Islam to local residents by producing plenty of publications as a valuable legacy to the Muslims, especially in the Malay archipelago. Among the scholars was Sheikh Daud bin Abdullah al-Fatani is known as a prolific scholar in various areas. However, his work in fiqh al-Shafie given less attention compared to other areas. This article examines the contribution of Sheikh Daud in writing descriptively and analyzes the works of fiqh al-Shafie. In order to achieve the objectives outlined, this article used the method of content analysis of these texts being entitled Bughyat al- Tullab, al-Saidu Wa al-Zabaih, al-Bahjat al-Saniyat, Mun al-Musalla, and Al-Hidayah Muta\u27allim. In addition, the method of semi-structured interviews was conducted to obtain additional data associated with the topic. The results showed Sheikh Daud gave a significant contribution to the development of Islam in the region of Malaya with the publication of scientific writing in the Fiqh Shafie area. He was able to do islah to the community around her by produced books and manuscripts. Those publications are still cited today
Optimal Demand Response Strategies to Mitigate Oligopolistic Behavior of Generation Companies Using a Multi-Objective Decision Analysis
No full textIn this paper, an agent-based model is proposed to improve the electricity market efficiency by using different demand response programs (DRPs). In the proposed model, the strategic self-scheduling of each market player in the electricity market and consequent market interactions are considered by using a game theoretic model powered by a security constrained unit commitment. The tariffs of price-based DRPs and the amount of incentive in the incentive-based DRPs are optimized. Furthermore, a market power index and the operation cost are used to evaluate the market efficiency by using a multi-objective decision-making approach. The results show that different types of DRPs differently affect the oligopolistic behavior of market players, and the potential of market power in power systems can be mitigated by employing the proposed model for DRP optimization. Numerical studies reveal that applying combinational DRPs is more efficient when the regulatory body considers both economic and market power targets
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Optimal behavior of smart households facing with both price-based and incentive-based demand response programs
No full textBecause of various developments in communications and technologies, each residential consumer has been enabled to contribute in Demand Response Programs (DRPs), manage its electrical usage and reduce its cost by using a Household Energy Management (HEM) system. An operational HEM model is investigated to find the minimum consumer's cost in every DRP and to guarantee the end-user's satisfaction, as well as to ensure the practical constraints of every battery and residential appliance. The numerical studies show that the presented method considerably affects the operational patterns of the HEM system in each DRP. According to the obtained results, by employing the presented method the consumer's cost is decreased up to 40%
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Fitness characteristics of youth silat performers / Mohammed Nizam Shafie
No full textSilat is a popular Asian martial art. The primary purpose of this research was to profile the physiological characteristics of young silat athletes. Eight motor performance tests, including two newly developed silat-specific tests were administrated to a sample of 178 young exponents (96 males and 82 females) aged 13 to 16 years. Tests included squat, rebound and a threedirectional
jump, handgrip strength, medicine ball throw, push-ups, yo-yo endurance and a 20's kick test. Overall results showed that male exponents outperformed the female exponents for
most tests, the fitness of females did not change with age for any variable (all, p > 0.05), while males tended to improve their fitness with advancing age/maturation. The females were advanced, by about 2 years in the estimated age at peak height velocity (PHV) compared to the males (1.1 ± 0.7 versus -0.9 ± 1.1 y from PHV, p < 0.05). Measures of isometric strength (handgrip strength), upper body power (medicine ball throw) and endurance (push-ups), lower body power (squat-jumps), and endurance (yo-yo test) showed significant ( p < 0.05) gains after 15 year-old in boys. Novel data is presented that could be useful for benchmarking fitness in youth silat. Being involved in silat did allowed female exponents to maintain their fitness, whereas, male exponents improved their fitness at or post PHV. These gender-specific differences are attributed to differing maturational processes and the findings may be useful when devising training programmes to maximise fitness development in youth silat
A posteriori error estimation of H1 mixed finite element method for the Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation
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