207 research outputs found
Measuring the gains from international portfolio diversification
Full text linkStock market ; Capital assets pricing model
Incentivizing Cooperation in P2P File Sharing: Indirect Interaction as an Incentive to Seed
No full textThe fundamental problem with P2P networks is that quality of service depends on altruistic resource sharing by participating peers. Many peers freeride on the generosity of others. Current solutions like sharing ratio enforcement and reputation systems are complex, exploitable, inaccurate or unfair at times. The need to design scalable mechanisms that incentivize cooperation is evident. We focus on BitTorrent as the most popular P2P file sharing application and introduce an extension which we refer to as the indirect interaction mechanism (IIM). With IIM BitTorrent peers are able to barter pieces of different files (indirect interaction). We provide novel game theoretical models of BitTorrent and the IIM mechanism and demonstrate through analysis and simulations that IIM improves BitTorrent performance. We conclude that IIM is a practical solution to the fundamental problem of incentivizing cooperation in P2P networks.Software Computer TechnologyElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Library Consortia in Developing Countries: An Overview
Full text link“Library consortia” refers to co-operation, co-ordination and collaboration between, and among, libraries for the purpose of sharing information resources. The purpose of this paper is to review consortia efforts in developing countries. The paper reviews the literature on library consortia in developing countries in general and India in particular. It also outlines the advantages and disadvantages of consortia. The literature review reveals that libraries in developing countries have been working on consortia at national, regional and international level. However, some barriers such as poor technological and communication infrastructure, inadequate finances, culture and context, attitudes toward consortia and multiple efforts are reported to be limitations of consortia activities in developing countries
Incentivizing Seeding In BitTorrent - Indirect Interaction as an Incentive to Seed
No full textBitTorrent has turned into the most popular P2P file sharing protocol and is used for various purposes such as Video on demand and Media Streaming. The fundamental problem with P2P networks in general is that quality of service highly depends on altruistic resource sharing by participating peers. Many peers freeride on the good intentions of others and BitTorrent is no exception. Current solutions like reputation systems and sharing ratio enforcement are complex, exploitable, inaccurate or unfair at times. The need to design scalable mechanisms that mitigate such problems is evident. We demonstrate through measurements that BitTorrent peers are able to barter pieces of different files (indirect interaction) which is a previously unknown property of the BitTorrent protocol. We introduce a centralized extension for the BitTorrent protocol which we refer to as the indirect interaction mechanism (IIM). IIM incentivizes seeding and mitigates problems of unfairness and exploitation while at the same time achieving linear scalability. We provide game theoretical models of the mechanism and demonstrate through analysis and simulations that IIM improves BitTorrent performance for certain cases and that it does not degrade performance for others. We conclude that IIM is a practical solution to the fundamental problem of P2P networks like BitTorrent.Computer Science / AlgorithmicsComputer ScienceElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Skeletal muscle function and fibre types: The relationship between occlusal function and the phenotype of jaw-closing muscles in human
No full textMammalian skeletal muscle cells are composed of repeated sarcomeric units containing thick and thin filaments of myosin and actin, respectively. Excitation of the myosin ATPase enzyme is possible only with presence of Mg-ATP and Ca2+. Skeletal muscle fibres may be classified into several types according to the isoform of myosin they contain. Nine isoforms of myosin heavy chain are known to exist in mammalian skeletal muscle including type I, IIA, IIB, IIX, IIM, α, neonatal, embryonic, and extra-ocular. Healthy adult human limb skeletal muscle contains type I, IIA, IIB, and IIX myosin heavy chains. The jaw-closing muscles of most carnivores and primates have tissue-specific expression of the type IIM or ‘type II masticatory’ myosin heavy chain. Adult human jaw-closing muscles, however, do not contain IIM myosin. Rather, they express type I, IIA, IIX (as in human limb muscle), and myosins typically expressed in developing or cardiac muscle. The morphology of human jaw-closing muscle fibres is also unusual in that the type II fibres are of smaller diameter that type I fibres, except in cases of increased function and hypertrophy.
This paper describes the relationship of fibre types and motor unit function to changes in human occlusion and masticatory activity.Peer reviewedfinal article publishedFibre TypePhysiologyMyosinMuscles of MasticationMotor Uni
POLIGAMI DALAM PERSPEKTIF USHUL Al-FIQH
Full text linkAbstract: In the Qur’an, the issue of polygamy is only mentioned in verses 3 and verse 129. In verse 3 talks about the permissibility of polygamy, in verse 129 it talks about the difficulty and inability of a husband to do justice to wives. This means that the permissibility of polygamy is bound by strict conditions which means if the condition is not met, then polygamy should not be done. In the perspective of ushul fiqh to be reviewed is the polygamy verse which includes amr shigat and its legal implications and ta’arud al-adillah in the polygamy verse related to fair terms for polygamy perpetrators against his wives. The three editors used in the Qur’an are the orders of marrying women -women are considered good, so scholars differ when giving the meaning of the verse. Some say a maximum of 4, there are 8, there is also a limit of 16. Furthermore scholars also differed whether the rukhsah one, or more than one. In this case, the author is more likely to say that polygamy is rukhsah, while his azimah remains one. Polygamy is permissible if the situation requires polygamy, but if with monogamy there is no problem, then monogamy is better
Penerapan Balance Score Card pada Perguruan Tinggi: Dampaknya terhadap Kinerja Dosen dan Kembalian Pendidikan (Studi Kasus di Universitas Galuh)
Full text linkPenelitian ini didasarkan pada permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh perguruan tinggi dalam menghadapi persaingan global dan perubahan lingkungan yang semakin dinamis. Perguruan tinggi harus mampu mengembangkan strategi yang tepat dan efektif dalam menghadapi tantangan. Salah satu strategi yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan menerapkan Balance Score Card sebagai alat manajemen strategis yang dapat membantu perguruan tinggi dalam mengukur kinerja dan mencapai tujuan organisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan dan dampak Balance Score Card (BSC) pada Perguruan Tinggi dalam meningkatkan kinerja Dosen dan kembalian Pendidikan di Universitas Galuh. Desain penelitian dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penerapan BSC secara efektif meningkatkan kinerja dosen di Universitas Galuh, dan diketahui juga bahwa penerapan Balance Score Card (BSC) pada kembalian pendidikan di Universitas Galuh memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap kualitas pendidikan dan kinerja dosen. BSC memberikan kerangka kerja yang komprehensif untuk mengukur, memantau, dan mengelola kinerja pendidikan dengan menggunakan indikator kinerja yang terkait dengan tujuan strategis universitas
Increasing incidence of adult idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in the City of Salford, UK: A 10-year epidemiological study
Full text link\ua9 The Author(s) 2018. Objectives. The aim was to identify and characterize all incident adult cases of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2016 in the City of Salford, UK. Methods. Adults first diagnosed with IIM within the study period were identified by: a Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust (SRFT) inpatient episode IIM-specific ICD-10 coding search; all new patient appointments to SRFT neuromuscular outpatient clinics; and all Salford residents enrolled within the UKMYONET study. All patients with definite IIM by the 2017 EULAR/ACR classification criteria were included, as were probable cases if consensus expert opinion agreed. Cases were excluded if < 18 years of age at disease onset, if they did not meet probable criteria or when probable but expert opinion concluded a non-IIM diagnosis. Results. The multimodal case ascertainment identified 1156 cases which, after review and application of exclusion criteria, resulted in 32 incident cases during the study period. Twenty-three of 32 were female, with a mean age of 58.1 years. The mean incidence of adult IIM was 17.6/1 000 000 person years, and higher for females than for males (25.2 vs 10.0/1 000 000 person years, respectively). A significant incidence increase over time was apparent (13.6 vs 21.4/1 000 000 person years; P=0.032). Using EULAR/ACR classification criteria, the largest IIM subtype (21/32) was PM, followed by DM (8/32), IBM (2/32) and amyopathic DM (1/32). Expert opinion subtype differed from EULAR/ACR classification criteria in 19/32 cases. Conclusion. The incidence of adult IIM in Salford is 17.6/1 000 000 person years, higher in females, and is increasing over time. Disagreement exists between EULAR/ACR-derived and expert opinionderived IIM subtype assignments
PERKEMBANGAN ETNOPRENEURSHIP DI GARUT 1945-2010
No full textAbstrakSemangat kewirausahaan dalam konteks kesukubangsaan masih sedikitmendapat perhatian. Minimnya perhatian tersebut terbatas pada etnis-etnis tertentusaja yang dikenal memiliki jiwa etnopreneurship. Penelitian ini berupaya memberikangambaran bahwa dinamika internal sukubangsa Sunda yang tinggal di Garutmemperlihatkan wataknya yang entrepreneurship. Selama ini Garut lebih banyakdikenal sebagai wilayah dengan kekayaan alam yang potensial sehingga menjadidaerah tujuan wisata yang penting. Selain itu, kekayaan kuliner juga sudah menjadipengetahuan bersama masyarakat Jawa Barat pada khususnya. Sementara itu,pengembangan sumber daya manusia dalam konteks kultural jarang diungkap.Kekhasan ekonomi kreatif di daerah ini terletak pada spesialisasi profesi masingmasingdesa. Meski masih terlalu dini, agaknya konsep one village, one product (satukampung, satu produk) cukup tepat ditempatkan dalam konteks kewirausahaan diGarut. Tradisi merantau secara terbatas menunjukkan karakter khas masyarakat diwilayah Garut. Ada yang menetap dalam waktu yang cukup lama di wilayah lain.Akan tetapi, sebagian terbesar kembali pada waktu-waktu tertentu, bahkan menjadicomutter secara intensif.Penelitian ini mencakup tiga bidang usaha yang berbeda, yaitu usaha batikgarutan, industri kulit Sukaregang, dan tukang cukur Banyuresmi. Ketiga objektelitian tersebut dipetakan menurut dua kategori: kota-desa, surplus-minus. Sumberprimer berasal dari wawancara lisan dengan para informan yang terlibat denganaktivitas kewirausahaan. Sementara itu, sumber sekunder dari literatur. Kajianmengenai semangat kewirausahaan dalam konteks kesukubangsaan menjadi pentingdi tengah usaha untuk mengembangkan local genious di bidang ekonomi kreatif.AbstractThe paper was based on the fact that exposing cultural context of humanresources is not common in our country. This research tries to describe the greatentrepreneurship of the Sundanese of Garut. They used to wander about (merantau)and commute very intensively to trade to other cities or regions. The uniqueness ofthe city is that every village has its own specialty. This research covers three kindsof business: batik garutan (a kind of batik with spesific motifs of Garut), leatherindustry in Sukaregang and barbers of Banyuresmi. Data were collected throughinterviews and bibliographic studies. The author came into conclusion that the study need forof entrepreneurship (in ethnical context) is very important in developing local geniusin creative economy.</jats:p
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