1,721,049 research outputs found
Das Europäische Patent im Wandel. Ein Rechtsvergleich des EP-Systems und des EU-Patentsystems.
No full text»The European Patent Undergoing Change«The EU patent has finally arrived. After more than 40 years of negotiations, two EU-Regulations and a Convention pave the way for a unitary patent with international scope governed by the Unified Patent Court of the Member States. However, from the beginning the new unitary patent system to start working in 2017 was highly debated.Sebastian Fuchs puts the new system to the test. By identifying the main deficiencies of the present system of European patents, thereby suggesting solutions, the author analyses whether the all-new unitary patent system adequately balances the interests involved.Fuchs examines each systems' ability to hear cross-border infringement cases, its risk of Italian/Belgian torpedoes as well as the advantages and disadvantages of jointly or severally hearing infringement and validity matters and suggests a method for the computation of damages to act as a model for harmonisation. Moreover, the author provides the reader with comprehensive insights into the history and makeup of both the European patent as well as the unitary patent system identifying potential risks for a successful implementation.Das EU-Patent ist da. Nach mehr als 40 Jahren Verhandlungszeit erhält das Europäische Patent erstmals eine einheitliche, grenzübergreifende Wirkung und unterliegt künftig dem Einheitlichen Patentgericht der teilnehmenden EU-Mitgliedstaaten. Das voraussichtlich ab 2017 zur Verfügung stehende EU-Patentsystem wird kontrovers diskutiert. Durch einen Vergleich mit dem noch geltenden EP-System stellt Sebastian Fuchs das neue System auf den Prüfstand. Der Autor identifiziert wesentliche Schwachstellen des EP-Systems, zeigt mögliche Lösungen auf und untersucht vor diesem Hintergrund inwieweit das künftige Patentsystem angemessene Antworten findet. Die untersuchten Gebiete umfassen unter anderem die Verhandlung grenzüberschreitender Patentverletzungen, das Risiko sogenannter Torpedoklagen, die gemeinsame Verhandlung bzw. Trennung der Patentnichtigkeits- und -verletzungsfrage sowie die Grundlagen der Schadensersatzberechnung. Der Verfasser gibt zudem einen umfassenden Einblick in die Entstehung und den Aufbau beider Systeme, erörtert potenzielle Risiken für das neue Patentsystem und kommt zu dem Schluss: Das Regelungswerk ist zwar unübersichtlich, wird jedoch erstmals der besonderen Interessenlage bei Patentverletzungsstreitigkeiten gerecht
Kammeropposition mit Oberwasser? Phänomene und Erklärungsfaktoren des Protestes in und gegen Wirtschaftskammern
No full textAuch in Wirtschaftskammern mit Pflichtmitgliedschaft gibt es Protest und oppositionelle Bewegungen. Detlef Sack und Sebastian Fuchs machen deutlich, dass auch hier die Kategorien von Exit, Voice und Loyalty in verschiedenen Stufen analytisch fruchtbar sind. Der Rückzug aus Ehrenämtern, die Unterstützung kritischer Kräfte innerhalb der Führungsgremien und die Beteiligung an einer kammerkritischen Oppositionsbewegung sind Varianten von Exit und Voice. Solche Handlungsformen von Mitgliedern verändern die Kammern als traditionelle Interessenvertretungen
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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