131 research outputs found
Dagstuhl Seminar on the Foundations of Composite Event Recognition
No full textComposite event recognition (CER) is concerned with continuously matching patterns in streams of `event' data over (geographically) distributed sources. This paper reports the results of the Dagstuhl Seminar "Foundations of Composite Event Recognition" held in 2020.Artikis, A (corresponding author), Univ Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece ; NCSR Demokritos, Athens, Greece.
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
Dagstuhl Seminar on the Foundations of Composite Event Recognition
No full textComposite event recognition (CER) is concerned with continuously matching patterns in streams of `event' data over (geographically) distributed sources. This paper reports the results of the Dagstuhl Seminar "Foundations of Composite Event Recognition" held in 2020.Artikis, A (corresponding author), Univ Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece ; NCSR Demokritos, Athens, Greece.
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
Tool-box for effective renewable energy planning
No full textAbstract of the whole book: In response to climate change and limited fossil fuels, renewable energy is being heavily promoted throughout Europe. Despite general support for green energy, perceived landscape change and loss of landscape quality have featured heavily in opposition campaigns. The COST Action ‘Renewable Energy and Landscape Quality’ (RELY) systematically investigated the nexus between renewable energy production and landscape quality. Its aim was to analyse how landscape protection and renewable energy deployment can be reconciled to contribute to the sustainable transformation of energy systems. This book compiles guidelines for assessing landscape suitability for, and vulnerability to, renewable energy projects together with a toolbox for landscape-aware public participation in planning. It furthermore elaborates a multilingual glossary of terms related to landscape and energy
AGRISPACE: Background, concepts and frameworks
No full textThis report is a means to help establishing a common foundation through providing a brief summary of different themes of importance for scientists involved in the research project “Space, land and society: challenges and opportunities for production and innovation in agriculture based value chains” (AGRISPACE) funded by the Research Council of Norway. The overarching objective of AGRISPACE is to provide comprehensive knowledge on challenges and opportunities for sustainable growth in production and innovation in land-based bio-production across space
Food security and urban agriculture : how can private, small-scale, non-commercial cultivation in the city contribute to increased self-sufficiency?
No full textØkende usikkerhet for fremtiden er grunnen til at matsikkerhet har fått større plass på den politiske dagsorden i Norge (Dombu et al., 2021). Klimaendringer og covid-19-pandemien har ført til økt oppmerksomhet rundt forsyningssikkerheten og tilgangen til mat under kriser. Matproduksjonen i Norge har flere utfordringer med tanke på naturgitte forhold som et kaldt klima sammenlignet med andre land, og produksjonen begrenses av et lite totalt jordbruksareal (Dombu et al., 2021). Verdens matvaresystemer står overfor nye og økte trusler, samtidig som de samme systemene i stor grad bidrar til klimaendringer, ødeleggelse av miljøet, forurensing og rovdrift på naturressurser. Dette skaper økt behov for fundamentale endringer i hvordan vi produserer maten vår (Dombu et al., 2021).
Dyrking av mat i byer og tettsteder har eksistert lenge, men selve begrepet urbant landbruk har blitt tatt i bruk de senere årene (Departementene, 2021). I omtalen av urbant landbruk er det ofte fokus på attraktive byer og sosiale møteplasser (Departementene, 2022) men lite på selve matproduksjonen.
Målet med masteroppgaven er å undersøke hvilket potensial som finnes i urbant landbruk med tanke på matsikkerhet, og sette fokus på urbant landbruk som en mulig ressurs for matsikkerheten i Norge. Hvilken kunnskap bør man tilegne seg for trygg, sunn og mest mulig avling i urban kontekst, og hvordan anvende denne kunnskapen? Hvilket potensial ligger i privat, småskala, ikke-kommersiell dyrking, med tanke på å øke selvforsyningen?
Gjennom litteraturstudie belyser oppgaven kunnskap om jord og gjødsling for å oppnå sunn, trygg og mest mulig avling, og hvordan anvende denne kunnskapen på de utvalgte grønnsakene potet, tomat, løk og gulrot. Oppgaven undersøker også potensialet i privat, småskala matproduksjon i byen, hvis flere hadde hatt denne kunnskapen. Dette er gjort ved å beregne hvor mye hver husstand i Oslo må dyrke for at vi skal dekke importbehovet de utvalgte grønnsakene, og hvordan dette kan se ut i en reell blokk i Oslo. Det diskuteres hvorvidt småskala, privat matproduksjon kan være med på å øke selvforsyningsgraden for befolkningen i Oslo.
Ulike grønnsaker krever ulik jord og ulik grad av næring. Kunnskap om dette, eller mangel på sådan, kan utgjøre forskjellene på god avling og mindre god avling, noe som har mye å si på arealbruken. Hvorvidt privat, småskala matproduksjon i by vil kunne bidra til matsikkerheten er avhengig av mange ulike faktorer. Likevel kan man med stor sannsynlighet svare ja på at det vil kunne gjøre en forskjell. Ut fra undersøkelsene kan vi vurdere at småskala matproduksjon har stort potensiale for å få opp selvforsyningen, spesielt på de grønnsakene som krever minst areal. Man trenger ikke en stor kjøkkenhage for å produsere mat.Due to increased uncertainty about the future, food security has gained a greater place on the political agenda in Norway (Dombu et al., 2021). Climate change and covid-19 have led to increased attention to the security of supply and access to food during crisis situations. Norwegian food production has several challenges in terms of natural conditions such as a cold climate and a limited area for agricultural production (Dombu et al., 2021). The world's food systems face new and increased threats, while the same food systems largely contribute to climate change, destruction of the environment, pollution and predatory exploitation of natural resources. This creates an increased need for fundamental changes in how we produce our food (Dombu et al., 2021).
People have grown food in cities for a long time, but the term urban agriculture has been adopted in recent years (Departementene, 2021). In discussions of urban agriculture, the focus is mainly on attractive cities and social meeting places (Departementene, 2022), but not much on the food production itself.
The aim of the master thesis is to investigate the potential that exists in urban agriculture with regard to food security, and to focus on urban agriculture as a source for food security in Norway. What knowledge should be acquired to maximize the yield in a healthy and safe crop in an urban context, and how should this knowledge be applied? What is the potential in private, small-scale, non-commercial cultivation for increasing food security?
Through a literature study, the thesis highlights knowledge about soil and fertilization to achieve healthy, safe and a large as possible yield. The paper discusses the application of this knowledge to specific vegetables, namely potatoes, tomatoes, onions and carrots. Furthermore, the paper examines the potential for private, small-scale urban food production, if more people had this knowledge. This is done by calculating the amount of produce each household in Oslo would need to grow, to avoid importing these vegetables. The paper also examines how this can be implemented in a real apartment block in Oslo and discusses the potential for small-scale, private food production to increase self-sufficiency for Oslo’s population.
Different vegetables require different soil and levels of nutrients. Knowledge about this, or lack of it, can make the difference between successful crop, or an unsuccessful one. This has a great impact of the area consumption. Whether private, small-scale food production in the city can contribute to food security depends on many different factors. Nevertheless, we can with great certainty say that it has the potential to make a difference. Based on the findings, we can consider that small-scale food production has great potential for increasing self-sufficiency, especially for crops that require the least area. You do not need a large kitchen garden to produce your own food.M-U
Inline Evaluation of Hybrid Knowledge Bases - PhD Description
No full textThe deployment of knowledge representation formalisms to the Web has created the need for hybrid formalisms that combine heterogeneous knowledge bases. The aim of this research is to improve the reasoning efficiency over hybrid knowledge bases (KBs). The traditional way of reasoning over hybrid KBs is to use different underlying reasoners to access the different data sources, which causes overhead. To remedy this, we propose a new strategy, called inline evaluation, which compiles the whole hybrid KB into a new KB using only one single formalism. Hence we can use a single reasoner to do the reasoning tasks, and improve the efficiency of hybrid reasoning
Landscape Change - Driving Forces Behind Land Use Changes in the Agricultural Landscape, 2008
No full textLandscapes are a valuable but also limited and vulnerable natural resource, which currently are changing at unprecedented rates in many locations. Increasing our understanding of landscape change, including driving forces, policy tools (focusing on the agricultural landscape) and how different options of landscape change can be illuminated and communicated is the topic of this project. Knowledge of what the landscape resource consists of, its characteristics as well its geographic distribution and variation are prerequisites for a sustainable management and development as outlined e.g. in the European Landscape Convention. While the need for information may seem obvious, we still lack this for Norwegian landscapes and thus have an urgent need for new landscape management tools. Also, to achieve environmentally friendly and innovative landscape-based commercial developments we require improved knowledge. An unfortunate but frequent consequence of the current lack of information, or undervaluing of landscape resources, is irreversible change, reducing future options for financially, socially and environmentally sustainable development. Our approach to this challenging task is to develop a landscape model and use this, in conjunction with data on landscape change and information from stakeholders, to analyse driving forces of landscape change, options for landscape change and consequences of current and historic policy tools. This will make original and significant advances that strengthen Norway's research in this field and develop an important tool to secure sustainable landscape management. This programme will be an essential component in fulfilling the strategic objectives of the newly established Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute
Urbant landbruk – for alle og overalt?
No full textForskere i det europeiske COST-nettverket «Urban Agriculture Europe» har utviklet et felles begrepsapparat som grunnlag for politikkutforming. Urbant landbruk er definert i henhold til seks dimensjoner, og delt inn i de to hovedtypene urban gårdsdrift som næring, og urban hagedyrking med liten eller ingen økonomisk betydning. Mangfoldet som 14 undertyper av urbant landbruk representerer, gjør det til en arena for mange politikkfelt. For å kunne nytte det urbane landbrukets potensiale for økonomiske, sosiale, miljø- og helsemessige gevinster fullt ut, bør politikkfeltene fordele hovedansvaret for ulike typer urbant landbruk seg imellom
Tap av jordbruksareal i Norge. En fotodokumentasjon med refleksjoner om årsaker, virkninger og mottiltak
No full text[Forord] Gjennom det nasjonale programmet for systematisk overvåking av jordbrukets kulturlandskap, 3Q, dokumenterer NIBIO hvordan jordbrukslandskapet endres. Et av målene med å overvåke tilstand og endringer i jordbrukslandskapet er å fange opp endringstrender på et så tidlig tidspunkt at disse fortsatt kan påvirkes. Derfor er det også viktig å formidle overvåkingsresultatene og fortelle hvilke endringer som skjer. Dette gjøres gjennom kart og statistikk, presentasjoner og publikasjoner i ulike media og gjennom rapporter. Formidlingen vil imidlertid fremstå noe ulikt i form i de ulike kanalene...publishedVersio
Spatial planning needs towards Copernicus Land Monitoring Services: Case studies from Poland and Norway
No full textThe objective of this study is to identify the needs related to geospatial LC, LU, and LCLUC information for spatial planning in Poland and Norway, and examine the usefulness of CLMS products in the context of these planning systems. The research has conducted based on a comparative analysis of two planning systems, to indicate areas where CLMS can improve or supplement national spatial data. The study shows that CLMS can provide information on up-to-date spatial data showing actual LC/LU/LCLUC, but that the degree of detail and the accuracy may be insufficient. CLMS data is harmonised across Europe and thus meets the need expressed by international organisations, for data that are consistent at a continental level. This is not a requirement in national planning systems in Poland and Norway, where the needs are regulated by national legislation. The thematic and geometric accuracy of national data sources are usually better than the data provided by CLMS, but CLMS might fill gaps when specific topics are missing in national mapping programs
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