117,392 research outputs found
The acquisition of resyllabification in Spanish by English speakers
No full textHow do second language learners produce and recognize words in continuous speech when speech segmentation strategies differ between languages? This thesis explores phrases that have been affected by the process of resyllabification of consonants across word boundaries, where syllable and word boundaries are misaligned (e.g. las alas `the wings' as [la.s#a.las] in Spanish). For production, learners must acquire a new gestural coordination pattern for producing these types of sequences across the word boundary, as well as avoid overmarking vowel-initial words with glottalization, which is the norm in some languages, such as English (Bissiri et al., 2011), but not Spanish (Hualde, 2005). For word recognition, models of speech segmentation that emphasize the consonant as a likely segment for the beginning of a word (such as the Possible Word Constraint (Norris et al., 1997) or the Syllable Onset Segmentation Heuristic (Dumay et al., 2001)) would correctly segment salas `rooms' out of a string of sounds [la.s_a.las], but would miss the possibility that alas is also a word. For languages with resyllabification, speakers must consider both segmenting the sequence into both V#CV and VC#V; that is, for /lasa/, both /s/ initial words and /a/ initial words must be activated equally in the lexicon. In English, where vowel-initial words are more likely to be accompanied by glottalization, for the same string /lasa/, /s/ initial words will be more strongly activated than /a/ initial words. Thus, English speakers learning Spanish must suppress their tendency to preclude the activation of lexical entries with different onsets (i.e. vowel initial words when preceded by a consonant).
Additionally, English-speaking learners of Spanish must learn an additional language specific cue to word segmentation: the tap and trill contrast at the word boundary in Spanish. While both the tap and trill contrast between vowels word-medially (pero `but' vs. perro `dog'), at the word boundary, the tap is associated with a resyllabified /r/, as in ver ocas `to see geese', whereas the trill is obligatorily a word-initial segment, as in ve rocas `s/he sees rocks'. Several tasks were designed to test both the production and perception of resyllabification. In all cases, native Spanish speakers were compared with learners of Spanish whose first language was English at various proficiency levels. Production data is given from a laboratory read-speech task in both Spanish and English designed to elicit VC#V sequences with three consonants: /n/ and /s/ to test overall resyllabification, and /r/ to test the allophonic distribution of this phoneme at the word boundary. The results show that second language learners struggle overall to resyllabify consonants: they favor marking vowel-initial words with glottal stops, although they do so less than they do in English. They do not produce the tap and the trill in the appropriate positions at the word boundary either, although this is complicated by the difficulty in producing these segments in any position.
Perception data is given in three different experiments: a word-monitoring task geared towards investigating /n/ and /s/ at the word boundary, a word-monitoring gating task investigating /r/, and finally a visual-world paradigm eye-tracking experiment investigating whether or not multiple lexical candidates are considered while listening to phrases where /n/, /s/, and /r/ straddle the word boundary. While ultimately perception results show that non-native speakers are able to successfully parse the intended word, even in resyllabification contexts, results show that they still have a bias towards consonant-initial words although this is lessened with increased proficiency. Additionally, native speakers appear to have this bias in perception as well, which is unreported in the literature. This finding calls into question the idea of complete resyllabification (Harris, 1983), wherein perception and production of V#CV and VC#V sequences are expected to be identical. Overall, this work adds descriptive contributions to word-juncture phenomena in Spanish and English and theoretical contributions to the ideas of lexical access and storage, phonological encoding, phonological universals in syllabification, and speech segmentation in a second language, as well as methodological concerns regarding eye tracking.Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2017-08-10 without embargo termsThe student, Daniel Scarpace, accepted the attached license on 2016-12-22 at 10:54.The student, Daniel Scarpace, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2016-12-22 at 15:24.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2017-01-04 at 16:50.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #10524 on 2017-08-10 at 13:37:06Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-10T19:14:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Previous issue date: 2017-01-0
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Square Dancing with the Stars to Enhance Dynamic Hirschman Linkages?
No full textIn this Presidential Address, the author takes the reader on a reconnaissance of his life and time as a regional scientist. He points out scenery he found scintillating along the way, hoping that some may pick up the banner and chew on a few of the ideas for a while. He suggests a revisit to Albert O. Hirschman’s notion of key sectors and more empirical analysis related to Marcus Berliant’s and Masahisa Fujita’s notion of knowledge creation and transfer.Presidential Address, San Antonio, Texas, March 29, 2014 (53rd Meetings of the Southern Regional Science Association
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Letter from unknown writer to Jesse L. Boyce
No full textLetter to Jesse L. Boyce from unknown author (possibly Jack) about the investigation into the powder magazine located in the Grand Canyon. Some personal news is included in the letter such as the writer's marriage to the daughter of C.A. Taylor, former Supervisor of Cochise County
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Sarah L. Blum Author Visit - Warrior Nurse: PTSD and Healing
No full textHear Sarah L. Blum, author of Women Under Fire: Abuse in the Military, discuss her newest book, Warrior Nurse: PTSD and Healing followed by a Q&A and book signing.
Sarah L. Blum is a decorated Vietnam veteran who served as an operating room nurse during the intense fighting of 1967. In recognition of her service, she was awarded the Army Commendation Medal.
Sponsored by CWU Veterans Center and CWU Libraries.https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/libraryevents/1252/thumbnail.jp
Lillian L. Lambert, Author, Speaker, and Entrepreneur
No full textLillian L. Lambert, Author, Speaker, and Entrepreneu
Letter to Alfred L. Shoemaker, February 10, 1948
No full textA handwritten letter from an unknown author addressed to Alfred L. Shoemaker, dated February 10, 1948. Within, the author discusses the Pennsylvania Dutch word for Ash Wednesday, along with traditions associated with this day.https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/shoemaker_documents/1118/thumbnail.jp
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Emmett L. Bennett, Jr. Offprint Collection
No full textThe scholarly library of Emmett L. Bennett, Jr. compiled in the course of his Editorship of the journal Nestor (founded in 1957). The collection includes scholarly publications (offprints) and manuscripts sent by prospective authors to Dr. Bennett. Includes a Finding Aid (PDF and Word) and Catalog (an Excel document for each of two record groups: offprints collected up to 1995, and offprints collected from 1995-2011). Both the Finding Aid and Catalog are provided to facilitate researchers' searches for offprints by author, title, journal, year, and subject.Classic
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