1,720,960 research outputs found
Discrezionalità, lotta alla corruzione e tutela della concorrenza nei contratti pubblici
Full text linkThe focus of this research is the corruption, defined as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain, and its impact on public contracts. The research proposes possible solutions against corruption and describes the role of this phenomenon in Italy. As we know, economically, corruption depletes national wealth. The corruption leads a significant loss in terms of GDP, in terms of missed foreign investment in our country. It implies, furthermore, increasing costs (+40%) of the Great Works with supplementary costs on public budgets (60 billion euro estimated for year), according to the latest Court of Auditors estimates. In the latest report prepared by Transparency International (2015), in which is reported the Corruption Perceptions Index as measure of the perceived levels of public sector corruption worldwide, Italy was at the sixty-second place, along with other countries such as Lesotho, Senegal, South Africa and Montenegro and its score was the worst in European Union, after Bulgaria.
The research describes, in detail, the failure of regulation on public contracts sector as a result of corruption’s phenomenon. The democratic system, in the nineties, after the emergence of the corrupt system as called "Tangentopoli", has tried to fight corruption through a process of hyper-regulation. This process didn’t solve the problem of corruption and it has generated inefficiency in the legal system.
The Government has reduced the discretion of the public administration by creating contractual models that guarantee the respect of competition between economic operators through automatic and rigid procedures. Conversely, economic studies show that the proper use of discretion brings benefits on public choices and reduces information asymmetries that characterize public-private relationships. The research distinguish “corruption” and “inefficiency” so that it is possible to analyze them starting from different perspectives identifying specific solutions. Corruption is a hidden phenomenon. Inefficiency can be found in the facts and statistics. In Italy people spend more than in other countries for public works, which have longer lead times and that often remain unfulfilled. In the present paper, we argue that it must be achieved a reversal of approach concerning the corruptive phenomena, so that the efficiency's improvement could implies as result the reduction of corruption. The corruption is often hidden behind the inefficiency.
Improving the efficiency, lower costs, the shortening of time and ultimately the achievement of the performance, these are the elements on which it will be possible to reduce the corruption impacts.
The research shows that if arrangements achieved full efficiency there would be no room for corruption. The contrast against corruption phenomena should be carried out of the race, because it is necessary to pursue primarily the efficiency of public procurement. It’s in the same spirit that seem to go the main provisions of the European directives on public contracts. Finally, the research shows some proposals for achieving efficiency system that also involve the reduction of corruptive episodes, implementing the principles outlined in the "Best Value". The current moment of transposition of European directives is favorable for the adoption of measures needs to ensure greater system efficiency, simplification of procedures, greater discretion for contracting, balanced by the performance control systems, which may have as an indirect effect the reduction of corruption phenomena areas.The focus of this research is the corruption, defined as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain, and its impact on public contracts. The research proposes possible solutions against corruption and describes the role of this phenomenon in Italy. As we know, economically, corruption depletes national wealth. The corruption leads a significant loss in terms of GDP, in terms of missed foreign investment in our country. It implies, furthermore, increasing costs (+40%) of the Great Works with supplementary costs on public budgets (60 billion euro estimated for year), according to the latest Court of Auditors estimates. In the latest report prepared by Transparency International (2015), in which is reported the Corruption Perceptions Index as measure of the perceived levels of public sector corruption worldwide, Italy was at the sixty-second place, along with other countries such as Lesotho, Senegal, South Africa and Montenegro and its score was the worst in European Union, after Bulgaria.
The research describes, in detail, the failure of regulation on public contracts sector as a result of corruption’s phenomenon. The democratic system, in the nineties, after the emergence of the corrupt system as called "Tangentopoli", has tried to fight corruption through a process of hyper-regulation. This process didn’t solve the problem of corruption and it has generated inefficiency in the legal system.
The Government has reduced the discretion of the public administration by creating contractual models that guarantee the respect of competition between economic operators through automatic and rigid procedures. Conversely, economic studies show that the proper use of discretion brings benefits on public choices and reduces information asymmetries that characterize public-private relationships. The research distinguish “corruption” and “inefficiency” so that it is possible to analyze them starting from different perspectives identifying specific solutions. Corruption is a hidden phenomenon. Inefficiency can be found in the facts and statistics. In Italy people spend more than in other countries for public works, which have longer lead times and that often remain unfulfilled. In the present paper, we argue that it must be achieved a reversal of approach concerning the corruptive phenomena, so that the efficiency's improvement could implies as result the reduction of corruption. The corruption is often hidden behind the inefficiency.
Improving the efficiency, lower costs, the shortening of time and ultimately the achievement of the performance, these are the elements on which it will be possible to reduce the corruption impacts.
The research shows that if arrangements achieved full efficiency there would be no room for corruption. The contrast against corruption phenomena should be carried out of the race, because it is necessary to pursue primarily the efficiency of public procurement. It’s in the same spirit that seem to go the main provisions of the European directives on public contracts. Finally, the research shows some proposals for achieving efficiency system that also involve the reduction of corruptive episodes, implementing the principles outlined in the "Best Value". The current moment of transposition of European directives is favorable for the adoption of measures needs to ensure greater system efficiency, simplification of procedures, greater discretion for contracting, balanced by the performance control systems, which may have as an indirect effect the reduction of corruption phenomena areas.LUISS PhD Thesi
Rassegna dei pareri adottati dall'Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato ai sensi dell'articolo 21 bis della legge n. 287/1990 (anni 2012-2013)
No full textThe present review aims to provide an overview of the opinions adopted by the Italian Competition Authority, in accordance with Article 21 bis of Law no. 278/1990, as introduced by Article 35 of Law no. 214 of 22nd of September, 2011. I will analyze the opinions released in 2012 and 2013, following a chronological order, starting from the oldest cases up to the latest of 2013
L'attività di advocacy dell'AGCM: i pareri resi ai sensi degli artt. 21-bis e 22 (L. 287/1990) e i protocolli d'intesa (anno 2014)
No full textLa rassegna intende fornire una panoramica degli interventi adottati dall'Autorità garante della concorrenza e del mercato alla luce dei suoi poteri di advocacy. Verranno pertanto analizzati i pareri resi ai sensi dell'articolo 21-bis e 22 della legge n. 287/1990 ed i protocolli sottoscritti con altre autorità
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
