11 research outputs found
IMPLEMENTASI ANTROPOMETRI DALAM ARSITEKTUR
No full textAntropometri adalah salah satu terapan dari antropologi biologi yang mempelajari metode pengukuran manusia. Antropometri dapat dimanfaatkan dalam konteks arsitektur, terutama terkait dengan fungsionalitas dan kenyamanan manusia dalam ruang tertentu. Dengan metode telaah pustaka, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi antropometri dalam arsitektur, mulai dari arsitektur rumah adat, arsitektur ramah anak, arsitektur ruang publik, dan arsitektur ramah lansia. Setelah meninjau 15 sumber literatur dan menggolongkannya dalam lima subbab, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan antropometri terbukti sangat berguna dalam konteks arsitektur karena berkaitan erat dengan kenyamanan pengguna dan pemanfaatan ruang secara optimal. Pendekatan antropometri bisa dijadikan referensi untuk menilai apakah suatu objek arsitektur dapat menciptakan kenyamanan bagi manusia. Tidak hanya di bangunan modern, bangunan tradisional juga dibangun dengan prinsip antropometri tradisional yang unik dari satu kebudayaan dengan yang lainnya. Perlu digarisbawahi bahwa studi mengenai antropometri dalam konteks arsitektur nampaknya sedang populer di Indonesia, terlihat dari tahun publikasi yang relatif baru (10 tahun terakhir). Sayangnya, masih banyak bangunan-bangunan yang tidak menerapkan konsep ergonomi yang sesuai dengan antropometri, sehingga menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan dalam beraktivitas. Penulis merekomendasikan perluasan penelitian antropometri dan ergonomi dalam konteks arsitektur untuk mengevaluasi aspek kenyamanan pengguna dalam ruang-ruang arsitektur tertentu
Ketiadaan Paguyuban dalam Sistem Manajemen Pedagang Kaki Lima di Jalan Karang Menjangan, Kota Surabaya
No full textThis study explores the informal management system of street vendors operating in Karang Menjangan Street, Surabaya. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with three active vendors and analyzed thematically. The findings reveal that the street vendors do not form any official community or association, primarily because they experience minimal external pressure, particularly the absence of relocation threats from local authorities. Instead, informal arrangements”such as payments for cleanliness, security, and electricity to the neighborhood association”have served as a substitute for formal organization. Despite the lack of an official community, strong social solidarity and healthy economic competition are present among the vendors. Communication remains effective, mostly occurring face-to-face. However, the study also highlights the exclusion of new or unregistered vendors, indicating the emergence of ingroup-outgroup dynamics. This research contributes to urban anthropology by showing how informal social networks can substitute formal organization, while also raising concerns about inclusivity in urban informal economies.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sistem pengelolaan informal pedagang kaki lima (PKL) di Jalan Karang Menjangan, Kota Surabaya. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap tiga PKL aktif dan dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa para PKL tidak memiliki paguyuban resmi, yang diduga disebabkan oleh minimnya konflik dengan aparat pemerintah, khususnya ancaman relokasi. Sebagai gantinya, pembayaran rutin untuk kebersihan, keamanan, dan listrik kepada pihak RT telah menjadi bentuk pengakuan informal atas keberadaan mereka. Meski tanpa paguyuban, solidaritas sosial tetap kuat dan kompetisi ekonomi berlangsung sehat. Namun, ditemukan adanya eksklusi terhadap pedagang baru yang belum terintegrasi secara sosial, menciptakan dinamika ingroup-outgroup. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa jaringan sosial lokal dapat menggantikan peran struktur formal, sekaligus menggarisbawahi pentingnya inklusivitas dalam ekonomi informal perkotaan
Bioanthropological and Biomechanical Perspectives on Skeletal Senescence Variation
No full textBackground: Senescence is the deterioration of the body's biological and physiological function throughout later life. Senescent populations are more prone to diseases. However, aside from osteoporosis, skeletal senescence is a less discussed topic in Indonesia. A global and national increase in the aging population indicates they will be a major group in society, raising the urgency of reviewing this matter. This study aims to comprehend the physiological and biomechanical mechanisms of skeletal senescence, as well as senescent variations in certain sex and population affinities.
Literature Review: Age-related skeletal cellular death and imbalance contributes to bone damage in elders. Senescence also affects skeletal biomechanics, expressed in increased bone porosity and brittleness. Stresses in aged bone risks straining above its elastic limit and causing fractures due to its inability to tolerate such stresses. The loss of sex hormones is related to skeletal senescence, especially in females, while the effects of testosterone on skeletal senescence are under-researched. Dietary change, estrogen replacement therapy, and calcitonin consumption are effective measures in reducing the effects of osteoporosis. Variations were found in the bone aging process in different populations, especially regarding bone mineral density loss in white, African-American, Asian, and Hispanic populations.
Conclusion: Specific population-based healthcare services in geriatrics and gerontology are highly suggested to ensure inclusive healthcare for every aged individual. Due to the minimal data about bone aging in Indonesia (other than osteoporosis), the authors encourage data procurement from the local populations to create more suitable medical guidelines for elders in Indonesia
The impact of chewing betel nuts on human dentition in Indonesia: A literature review
No full textBackground: Human behavior can significantly alter dental conditions. One such behavior is the habit of chewing betel nuts. Known as nginang, this tradition holds social significance in many cultures across Indonesia. Societal beliefs include the idea that chewing betel nuts offers a sensation similar to smoking cigarettes, provides a pastime, reduces bad breath, and even enhances dental health. However, evidence shows that it can cause severe damage to teeth. Purpose: This research aims to analyze the literature regarding the impact of chewing betel nuts on dental conditions and to recommend actions to address the problems caused by it. Reviews: While this habit can have positive aspects, it may also cause tooth damage when practiced with a certain frequency and intensity and using specific compositions. Issues such as calculus, periodontitis, attrition, and antemortem tooth loss may occur due to this habit. However, inconsistencies have been found concerning this habit’s relation to caries. Conclusion: A pathological chain reaction triggered by betel nut chewing confirms its detrimental effect on dental health. Further investigations are required to explain the inconsistencies found in this review. The researchers recommend promoting tooth brushing to enable society to maintain its tradition without risking further teeth damage
Biological Profile and Facial Approximation Analysis of an Unidentified Adult Male Skull of Mixed Ancestry in Java, Indonesia
No full textBackground:
Forensic identification of skeletonized remains requires the contribution of forensic anthropology, which utilizes bioanthropological knowledge to estimate and reconstruct the identity of unidentified remains. Facial approximation applied forensic anthropology and artistry to reconstruct the face of skeletonized remains to increase recognition by the public. Forensic anthropology and facial approximation in Indonesia are minimally explored, which might contribute to a significant number of unidentified remains.
Aims and Objectives:
This study aims to describe the biological profile of an unidentified skull and reconstruct its face based on the constructed profile.
Materials and Methods:
This study involved an unidentified skull (Cranium No. 75 [C75]), that was stored at the Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Universitas Airlangga. To build the biological profile, macroscopic observations and anthropometric methods were utilized. The facial approximation technique used was the American method using a two-dimensional medium, resulting in sketches.
Results:
C75 was likely a 32.6–57.8-year-old male of Asian-European descent, born in the then-colonized Indonesia. His stature was about 165.56–174.59 cm. He had relatively poor dental health and severely worn teeth. C75’s facial features are atypical for Asians, resulting in challenges in approximating his face using the Asian soft-tissue thickness data.
Conclusions:
This study revealed an interesting perspective on colonial Indonesia. C75’s poor dental health might indicate minimum access to dental healthcare services. C75 was likely more European-looking due to his facial features’ mismatch with the typical Asian morphology. Further studies that highlight human variations in Indonesian populations should be carried out to ensure more accurate identifications
PRAKTIK AUTOCRATIC LEGALISM DI INDONESIA DALAM PROSES PERUBAHAN KEDUA ATAS UNDANG-UNDANG NO.30 TAHUN 2002 TENTANG KOMISI PEMBERANTASAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI: Practice Of Autocratic Legalism In Indonesia In The Process Of The Second Amendment To Law No. 30 Of 2002 Concerning The Corruption Eradication Commision
No full textAutocratic legalism is the practice of privatizing power that uses law as a pretext for action. The symptom of autocratic legalism is a contemporary issue that occurs in several Latin American countries. This symptom is also suspected to occur in Indonesia. In order to further examine the existence or absence of this symptom, the researcher examined it against the process of the second revision of Law Number 30 of 2002 concerning the Corruption Eradication Commission. For this reason, the author conducted a study based on the formulation of the following problems: 1. How is the practice of autocratic legalism in the second amendment to the Law on Corruption; 2. What is the impact of the practice of autocratic legalism on the institution of the KPK after the second amendment to Law No. 30 of 2002; This research is a normative legal research using secondary data as the main data analyzed qualitatively. The nature of the research is descriptive with deductive conclusions drawn. Based on the results of the study, the practice of autocratic legalism in the revision of the KPK Law includes: 1). The legislative process is fast and tends to be closed; 2). Collusion or conspiracy between the DPR and the President; 3). Manipulation of the law as a pretext for legitimacy; and 4). Co-optation of political parties. The impact is that the independence of the KPK is disrupted both institutionally and institutionally, thus significantly increasing the duties and functions of the KPK
Incisal Trait Variations Between Javanese and Chinese-Indonesians in Surabaya
No full textHuman teeth are unique since one population’s dental pattern might differ from another. Such specific dental characteristics, such as the incisor, are observable in each dentition. Objective: his study analyzed the population differences in Javanese and Chinese-Indonesian populations through observations of the incisal traits, namely winging, shoveling, and double shoveling. Methods: 50 dental casts (76 Javanese samples and 74 Chinese- Indonesian samples) were obtained from Dr. Myrtati Dyah Artaria’s private collection, stored in the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. The traits were observed and scored using the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS) and analyzed statistically using crosstab and chi-square methods. Results: Only three out of 13 test results exhibit significant differences (p \u3c 0.05). Conclusion: The dentitions observed in the Chinese-Indonesian samples mirror the immense Chinese acculturation into Javanese cultures through interbreeding that happened generations ago. The gene flow between these two populations appears phenotypically in the dentitions, leading the Chinese-Indonesian samples in this study to express Sundadont traits despite their noticeable facial traits and heritage
Student’s knowledge on primates: Long-tailed macaque educonservation efforts through primatology course
No full textWithin 15 years, the population of Macaca fascicularis has declined rapidly. In early 2022, the IUCN Red List classified them as “Endangered”, though they were considered a species of “Least Concern” in 2008. Land alteration, illegal hunting, and human-macaque conflict often halt long-tailed macaque conservation efforts. Through the Primatology course, anthropology students are taught the importance of macaque conservation and its complications. This preliminary study aims to reveal anthropology students’ knowledge regarding the long-tailed macaque’s status quo and its conservation efforts, pre- and post- their enrolment in the course. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, this study conducted in-depth interviews with 10 consenting informants—active undergraduate anthropology students. After the transcription process, the data was analyzed by dividing it into multiple subchapters and reviewed with existing literature. More than half of the informants’ knowledge about Macaca fascicularis and primates, in general, is quite satisfactory, though they are still unaware of their current conservation status. According to the informants, cultural and religious factors are closely related to long-tailed macaque conservation, shown in Balinese Hindu temples, Javanese wayang, and topeng monyet. The study concluded that primatology is important because it raises awareness about human’s closest relatives, their ecological significance, and their conservation measures. Adoption or adaptation of the ethnoprimatological framework in biology education as a means of sociocultural exploration and primate conservation is highly recommended. Further research on ethnoprimatology in Indonesia is much needed since Indonesia has many cultural values that might assure the people about contemporary conservation efforts
DRIVING FORCES OF INTERNATIONAL LABOR MIGRATION: A STUDY ON INDONESIAN PROSPECTIVE MIGRANT WORKERS
No full textInternational migration concerns the mobilization of individuals from one country to another. The intention of a certain group to participate in an international migration can be understood through various efforts, depending on the methods employed, frameworks used, populations observed, and variables considered. This study tried to identify various factors that influence the decision of prospective migrant workers to migrate out of Indonesia. This quantitative study used a survey method, with the approval of the Department of Manpower and Transmigration of East Java. This study involved 110 prospective migrant workers who filled out open-ended questionnaires. Descriptive analysis of the survey results was reported in the form of tabulations and percentages. The results show that demographic characteristics, such as sex, age, marital status, and destination, contribute to the decision to migrate abroad. Additionally, friends and family who were already working in the destination country were a significant influence. Conclusively, the push and pull factors have three themes, which are personal, social, and economic factors. Various combinations of these factors motivate prospective migrant workers to seek a better fate abroad. This research might help the government and non-governmental organizations to aid prospective migrant workers in managing their expectations and working to achieve their dreams through quality education and skills training for increased productivity
Priawan in Indonesia: A Study of Transmasculine Female-to-Male Individuals
No full textTopics surrounding transmasculinity, especially in Indonesia, are still overlooked, degraded, and understudied. This paper aims to explore the experience of priawan in Indonesia. Differentiating from the globally-renowned term ‘trans men’, a priawan identifies as a female-to-male transmasculine individual. We conducted in-depth interviews with eleven qualified informants. These interviews shed light on gender dysphoria or fluidity, gender-affirming processes, and discriminations they have faced, with hopes of proving and validating their existence. Eight of the informants express themselves as masculine and identify as lesbians. The most common gender-affirming process that they chose is name updating, followed by chest binding and hormone therapy. Five out of eleven reported having faced discrimination in various forms, such as verbal abuse, misgendering, stereotyping, and physical abuse. This study adds a new perspective on regional variability in transmasculine identities. Further research on chosen family dynamics and generational differences are encouraged to accentuate the visibility of transgender individuals in existing queer studies
