181 research outputs found
5-Aza-2 '-deoxycytidine reactivates gene expression via degradation of pRb pocket proteins
No full textNot only does 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR) induce the reexpression of silenced genes through the demethylation of CpG islands, but it increases the expression of unmethylated genes. However, the mechanism by which 5-aza-CdR activates the expression of genes is not completely understood. Here, we report that the pRb pocket proteins pRb, p107, and p130 were degraded in various cancer cell lines in response to 5-aza-CdR treatment, and this effect was dependent on the proteasome pathway. Mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) played a critical role in this 5-aza-CdR-induced degradation of pRb. Furthermore, PP2A phosphatase-induced MDM2 dephosphorylation at S260 was found to be essential for MDM2 binding to pRb in the presence of 5-aza-CdR. pRb degradation resulted in the significant reexpression of several genes, including methylated CDKN2A, RASFF1A, and unmethylated CDKN2D. Finally, knockdown of pRb pocket proteins by either RNAi or 5-aza-CdR treatment induced a significant decrease in the recruitment of SUV39H1 and an increase in the enrichment of KDM3B and KDM4A to histones around the promoter of RASFF1A and thus reduced H3K9 di- and trimethylation, by which RASFF1A expression is activated. Our data reveal a novel mechanism by which 5-aza-CdR induces the expression of both methylated and unmethylated genes by degrading pRb pocket proteins.-Zheng, Z., Li, L., Liu, X., Wang, D., Tu, B., Wang, L., Wang, H., Zhu, W.-G. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine reactivates gene expression via degradation of pRb pocket proteins. FASEB J. 26, 449-459 (2012). www.fasebj.orghttp://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000299202200044&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyBiologyCell BiologySCI(E)PubMed12ARTICLE1449-4592
Modelling of Metastable Equilibrium State using PRB Principles
No full textThis thesis proposes the introduction of a metastable equilibrium state in a viscoelastic pre-curved beam. Generally, metamaterials with bistable unit cells need an external application of force to restore, leading to the contemplation of possible structures with self restorable behaviour. Such restorable nature is associated with metastable equilibrium, which is a time-dependent equilibrium state. The objective of the topic is to build a proof of concept for metastability in a pre-curved beam and identify the influence of geometric parameters on metastability. In the course of the thesis, various models of bistable designs are classified. A feasible bistable mechanism was selected, and the metastable nature is introduced through viscoelasticity. In this thesis, an analytical model is formulated by combining an equivalent Pseudo Rigid Body (PRB) model of the pre-curved beam (modelling the beam's compliance) with Standard Linear Solid (SLS) model (modelling the beam’s viscoelasticity). Prototypes are manufactured by using FDM printing of TPU material. Experimental studies are performed for the evaluation of material properties and testing for metastability in pre-curved beams with various shape factors. The results of experimental studies proved the possibility of metastable equilibrium in viscoelastic pre-curved beams. Later, discussions are offered to improve the predictability of metastability in pre-curved beams and the scope for future studies
Aqua regia digestible and labile metal concentrations of PRB media
No full textProgress Code: completedStatement: Data are fine. Samples were diluted and rerun if concentrations were above the method calibration curve.The data set consists of two types of assessments of permeable reactive barrier (PRB) media: aqua regia digestions and 1 M HCl acid extractions. All analytical analysis was completed using inductively couple plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).<br/><br/>Aqua regia digestions were conducted on to assess the purity of three iron sources (Peerless, Connelly and Chem-Supply). 15 mL of aqua regia (3:1 concentrated hydrochloric acid: nitric acid) was added to 0.5 g iron samples in triplicated Teflon containers. The solution was heated at 80 degrees C for three hours and left at 40 degrees C for a further three days. The mixture was diluted to 100 mL and filtered at 0.45 microns before analysis. <br/><br/>The Lower PRB at the Casey Main Power House was originally constructed in the 2005/06 summer for details refer to (Mumford et al., 2013). The reactive gate consists of five modified Australian Antarctic Division cage pallets with external dimensions 1.8 x L 1.1 W x 0.75 H m. During the 2012/13 field season, media in the fifth cage was replaced with a new trial media sequence (Statham draft publication). Refilling occurred on the 16th of January. In this process mixed media sequences were homogenised by a cement mixer in 40 L batches and then placed in the PRB cage.<br/><br/>Material samples were cored from within the new media sequence of the PRB, three in GAC/ZeoPro, three in ZVI/sand and two in the zeolite section (Statham unpublished manuscript). All samples were collected from a depth of 45-60 cm then stored at -18 degrees C for transport to Australia. The concentration of bioavailable metals within the field and raw material samples were using a method recommended by Snape et al. (2004). All extractions used 2 g of oven dried medium and 40 mL of HCl solution and were conducted in new duplicated polypropylene containers. The mixtures were revolved on a suspension mixer for four hours, promptly filtered at 0.45 microns before analysis <br/><br/>Element concentrations were determined by ICP-OES using a Varian 720-ES spectrometer at the Australian Antarctic Division. The emission intensity of standards and sample solutions was measured following 1:1 in-line mixing with a solution of 0.75% (w/v) CsCl matrix modifier in 10% (v/v) HNO3 containing 5 mg L-1 yttrium as an internal standard. Aqua regia iron concentrations were determined from a 1 in 50 dilution of the filtered solution. The matrix modifier was deemed unnecessary for the HCl extractions. A blank samples for both methods indicated that the presence of the analysed elements was due to dissolution from PRB media and not other sources.<br/><br/>The limit of quantification (LOQ) was determined by the NATA extrapolation method (NATA, 2009) using concentrations of 20, 50 and 100 microns L-1 for phosphorus and potassium and 4, 10 and 20 microns L-1 for all other measured elements. <br/><br/>The data consists of four excel files of ICP analysis results:<br/>1. The limit of quantification and certified reference material results from aqua regia digestion<br/>2. The limit of quantification and certified reference material results from 1 M HCl extractions<br/>3. Aqua regia digestion results and calculations<br/>4. 1 M HCl extractions results and calculation
Tracer test results and particle size analysis of Lower Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB), Main Powerhouse site, Casey Station.
No full textProgress Code: completedStatement: Casey Station, Main Power House remediation site, Lower Permeable Reactive Barrier. Coordinates provided are for the 4 corners of the PRB:
North 478701.637, 2648611.399
South 478702.802, 2648605.579
East 478704.389, 2648606.531
West 478699.944, 2648610.5
These are WGS84 UTM zone 49 coordinates. They have been converted to latitudes and longitudes for the spatial coverage section.A permeable reactive barrier (PRB) was installed downgradient of the Main Powerhouse at Casey Station in 2005 in order to contain and treat fuel contaminated water arising from a fuel spill that occurred in the area in 1999. The PRB consists of a funnel and gate system with 5 "cages" containing a variety of remediation media used to assess the suitability of this media. Each "cage" contained three stages of remediation media:<br/><br/>Stage 1: Nutrient release: Nutrient (nitrogen) enriched zeolite (called Zeopro TM) was placed at the front of the PRB and released nutrients into any water entering the PRB in order to enhance biodegradation of hydrocarbon contaminants in the PRB.<br/><br/>Stage 2: Hydrocarbon Capture: A mixture containing Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) was placed in the middle of the PRB and was used to "capture" any fuel in the nutrient enriched water. Native microroganisms then use the nutrient supplied in the water to degrade the fuel captured on the GAC<br/><br/>Stage 3: Nutrient Capture: Zeolite amended to recapture any nutrients in the water prior to the water leaving the barrier into the surrounding environment.<br/><br/>To monitor the PRB, 8 multiports were installed in each Cage to obtain water samples from the PRB. Each multiport location could be sampled from 4 depths in the PRB. See the attached Journal Paper (Mumford et al. 2014) for detailed diagram showing multiport names, locations and PRB media combinations (GAC, zeopro, zeolite etc.) in each cage.<br/><br/>In 2009/10 the PRB media was excavated and sampled in detail to assess hydrocarbon concentrations in the media and particle size analysis (See attached journal paper)<br/><br/>The attached excel data provides the particle size distribution data from the 2009/10 sampling event. The column headings are: <br/><br/>SAMPLENO: Internal tracking number. Not needed<br/>SAMPLEID: Sample Barcode assigned as part of the AAD's Sample Tracking Database except where labelled Zeolite, Zeopro or GAC which indicates a sample of "raw" unused media was tested as reference.<br/>Sample User Label: Provides detail of the sample location and depth in the following sequence: Sample Type, Cage #, Profile #, Depth in mm, sampling type. Profile # was determined by dividing the length of each cage in to 10 sections (45 mm each) from which the material sample was taken. Measurements are from the front (upgradient) side of the cage. The 10 Profiles were:<br/>Profile 1: 65-110 mm<br/>Profile 2: 240-285 mm<br/>Profile 3: 415-460 mm<br/>Profile 4: 590-635 mm<br/>Profile 5: 765-810 mm<br/>Profile 6: 940-985 mm<br/>Profile 7: 1115-1160 mm<br/>Profile 8: 1290-1335 mm<br/>Profile 9: 1465-1510 mm<br/>Profile 10: 1640-1685 mm<br/><br/>For example Sample User Label "BM, 1, 1-2, 250, Bulk" means Barrier Material, Cage 1, Profile number (distance from front of cage between 65 mm and 285 mm, 250 mm depth from top of cage, Bulk Sample) <br/><br/>Dry wt: Dry weight of sample in grams<br/>CB No. Order samples were run<br/>Sed Fraction: Sediment fractions (grain size fractions in microns) by weight (grams). 7 grain sizes were measured less than 63 microns, 63-125 microns, 125-250 microns, 250-500 microns, 500-1000 microns, 1000-2000 microns and greater than 2000 microns<br/>Sed Fraction by %: Previous 7 columns converted to % of sample based on total weight of sample<br/><br/>These data were collected as part of AAS project 4029, but AAS project 4036 was also involved in obtaining the samples and using the findings)
Object oriented tools for scientific computing
No full textA set of object oriented tools is presented which, when combined, yield an efficient parallel finite element program. Special emphasis is given to details within the concept of the tools which enhance their efficiency. The experience of the author has shown that the design concepts documented are crucial for the efficiency of the issuing code, and that they can easily be incorporated within existing object oriented programs.161637
Letter From William Bell Scott to Mr Chambers
No full textabstract: Concerning Scott's thanks, his writings about his own works, and a manuscript of "The Nightingale Unheard."Seller's Description: Reads "A.L.S. from Author to Mr. Chambers explaining how busy he is... The sonnet is printed in the book. Fredeman: 56.7 £87.50"Handwritten Note: Unknown handwriting at top right reads "June 1st 1877."Publication Details: "The Nightingale Unheard" published in "Poems" by William Bell Scott.Creation Date Details: Undated range is the author's lifespan.Provenance: Removed from:
Poems / by William Bell Scott. Ballads, studies from nature, sonnets, etc. / illustrated by seventeen etchings by the author and L. Alma Tadema. Publisher London : Longmans, Green, 1875. CALL #
HAYDEN SPECIAL COLL SPEC PRB-13
Pyrosequencing Analysis Yields Comprehensive Assessment of Microbial Communities in Pilot-Scale Two-Stage Membrane Biofilm Reactors
No full textabstract: We studied the microbial community structure of pilot two-stage membrane biofilm reactors (MBfRs) designed to reduce nitrate (NO[subscript 3]–) and perchlorate (ClO[subscript 4]–) in contaminated groundwater. The groundwater also contained oxygen (O[subscript 2]) and sulfate (SO[2 over 4]–), which became important electron sinks that affected the NO[subscript 3]– and ClO[subscript 4]– removal rates. Using pyrosequencing, we elucidated how important phylotypes of each “primary” microbial group, i.e., denitrifying bacteria (DB), perchlorate-reducing bacteria (PRB), and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), responded to changes in electron-acceptor loading. UniFrac, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), and diversity analyses documented that the microbial community of biofilms sampled when the MBfRs had a high acceptor loading were phylogenetically distant from and less diverse than the microbial community of biofilm samples with lower acceptor loadings. Diminished acceptor loading led to SO[2 over 4]– reduction in the lag MBfR, which allowed Desulfovibrionales (an SRB) and Thiothrichales (sulfur-oxidizers) to thrive through S cycling. As a result of this cooperative relationship, they competed effectively with DB/PRB phylotypes such as Xanthomonadales and Rhodobacterales. Thus, pyrosequencing illustrated that while DB, PRB, and SRB responded predictably to changes in acceptor loading, a decrease in total acceptor loading led to important shifts within the “primary” groups, the onset of other members (e.g., Thiothrichales), and overall greater diversity.This document is the author's version as accepted for publication after peer review. To access the final edited and published work, see http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es5012466
copyright American Chemical Societ
Remediation of Copper Contaminated Kaolin by Electrokinetics Coupled with Permeable Reactive Barrier
No full textAbstractElectrokinetics is an in situ soil remediation technique by which the flow direction of the pollutants can be controlled and the soil with low permeability can be treated. In this study, the remediation of copper contaminated kaolin by electrokinetic process coupled with activated carbon permeable reactive barrier (PRB) was investigated. The experimental results showed that the integration of PRB with electrokinetics successfully removed copper from kaolin with pH control of the catholyte. The average removal rate reached the highest of 96.60% when the initial Cu2+ concentration was 2000mg/kg. Compared to the electrokinetic process without PRB, the application of the coupled system could reduce the pollution of the electrolyte
WT1 Promotes Cell Proliferation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines Through Up-Regulating Cyclin D1 and p-pRb In Vitro and In Vivo
No full textThe Wilms’ tumor suppressor gene (WT1) has been identified as an oncogene in many malignant diseases such as leukaemia, breast cancer, mesothelioma and lung cancer. However, the role of WT1 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) carcinogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we compared WT1 mRNA levels in NSCLC tissues with paired corresponding adjacent tissues and identified significantly higher expression in NSCLC specimens. Cell proliferation of three NSCLC cell lines positively correlated with WT1 expression; moreover, these associations were identified in both cell lines and a xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, we demonstrated that up-regulation of Cyclin D1 and the phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (p-pRb) was mechanistically related to WT1 accelerating cells to S-phase. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that WT1 is an oncogene and promotes NSCLC cell proliferation by up-regulating Cyclin D1 and p-pRb expression.© 2013 Xu et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Author Correction: Triple SILAC identified progestin-independent and dependent PRA and PRB interacting partners in breast cancer
No full textThe original version of this Data Descriptor omitted the following author from the Author List: Sarah Bajan. This error has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article
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