232 research outputs found
[[alternative]]The Stable Structures of Cluster ion
No full text[[abstract]]利用高壓氣體由噴嘴(nozzle)噴入超高真空,由於絕熱膨脹使氣體分子的
溫度劇降而凝結成分子團簇(molecular clusters)。利用一部配有雷射多
光子游離(laser based multiphoton ionization)和電子碰撞游離(
electron impact ionization)裝置的飛行時間質譜儀(time-of-flight
mass spectrometer),來研究離子態分子團簇。由所得的飛行時間質譜來
分析各種離子態分子團簇所呈現的譜線強度,可得知離子態分子團簇的穩
定結構。本論文報導argon 、ammonia 、及carbon disulfide等的離子態
分子團簇的研究成果。
Neutral clusters,produced via supersonic expansion,are
subjected to multiphoton ionization by pulsed laser or electron
impact ionization by electron gun.The products of cluster ions
are investigated using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer.The
strong peaks on mass spectra are related to particularly stable
structures due to closely packings or special types of bondings.
Based on the analysis of their ion intensity distributions,
stable structures of cluster ions are deduced.In this paper,
cluster ion systems of argon、ammonia、 and carbon disulfide
are investigated and reported.
Neutral clusters,produced via supersonic expansion,are
How Shih-chi Was Wr itten to Follow Chun-chiou
No full text《史記》是中國的正史鼻祖、散文大宗，但司馬遷卻自謂其作史接周、孔，「繼春秋」。因此，《史記》與《春秋》的關係，遂變成一個重要、有爭論且難解的老問題。本研究計畫約縮研究範圍，直指問題核心，主要探討司馬遷所說的是哪一部《春秋》？何人所作？以及《史記》究竟如何「繼春秋」？此一問題之探，需要對《史記》與《春秋》同具深入的理解，特別是春秋公羊。Shih-chi has been known as the origin of
Chinese standard histories and a classic of
prose for a long time. But its author Symachian
claimed that the root of what he did
was the spirits of Zhou-gung (周公) and
Confucius, and his book was a follower of
Chun-chiou( 春秋). Therefore the relation
between Shih-chi and Chun-chiou has
constantly been an important open question
without any identical answer. Now in this
plan, only the keys of all difficult problems
are aimed at so that actual progress would be
made. Essentially three questions will be
discussed one after another: Which Chunchiou
is the one to be followed by Shih-chi?
Who is the author of the Chun-chiou? How
was Shih-chi written to follow it? I think a
successful research about these questions will
deeply depend on a comprehension of Shihchi
as well as of Chun-chiou, especially the
interpretations of Chun-chiou from Gungyang(
公羊) school
Shame may promote self-interested behaviors for the sake of ego protection
No full textThe research question of this project is identical to that of a paper published in Judgment and Decision Making. However, that article was retracted by the corresponding author (Wen-Bin Chiou) on August 9, 2013 (http://journal.sjdm.org/11/101029/retraction.html).
According to the notion that science relies far more on whether results are repeatable than retractions, we performed two studies by recruiting two new samples and employing alternative indicators of the desire for money (the old one was estimated coin size) in 2019
Shame may promote self-interested behaviors for the sake of ego protection
No full textThis is a replication study. The research question of this project is identical to that of a paper published in Judgment and Decision Making. However, that article was retracted by the corresponding author (Wen-Bin Chiou) on August 9, 2013 (http://journal.sjdm.org/11/101029/retraction.html).
According to the notion that science relies far more on whether results are repeatable than retractions, we performed two studies by recruiting two new samples and employing alternative indicators of the desire for money (the old one was estimated coin size) in 2019
The role of the ribosomal stalk in the activity of ricin, Shiga-like toxin 1 and Shiga-like toxin 2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
No full textRicin, Shiga-like toxin 1 (Stx1) and Shiga-like toxin 2 (Stx2) are ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) that catalytically remove an adenine residue from the highly conserved α-sarcin/ricin loop (SRL) in the large ribosomal subunit, inhibiting the translocation step of protein synthesis. Although all RIPs act on the same substrate, they differ in the ribosome specificity among different kingdoms. Ricin is only active towards the eukaryotic ribosomes, while Stx1 and Stx2 are active towards both prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes. Infection with E. coli O157:H7 containing Stx2 is more likely to lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and progress to more severe disease than infection with E. coli O157:H7 containing Stx1. Accumulating evidence indicates that interaction of RIPs with different ribosomal proteins may be responsible for the ribosome specificity. By expressing the enzymatic A subunits of ricin, Stx1 and Stx2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this study presents evidence that the ribosomal stalk is the docking site for ricin, Stx1 and Stx2, but not PAP. The results suggest that the P proteins of the ribosomal stalk recruit the RIPs to the ribosome to build a toxin pool near the SRL, facilitating depurination of the SRL. Stx2 depurinates ribosomes more efficiently than Stx1 regardless of the defects in the ribosomal stalk both in vitro and in vivo. Addition of purified P1α/P2β proteins has the most impact on the ribosome depurination by Stx1 than Stx2 and RTA. These results suggest that Stx1 is more dependent on the ribosomal stalk than Stx2. A model is proposed to describe the interaction between Stx1A and the ribosomal stalk. The ribosome-bound and the cytoplasmic pool of stalk P proteins play important roles in the depurination of the SRL, ribosome binding and cytotoxicity of the three different toxins. The cytoplasmic pool of P proteins and stalk conformation affect each toxin differently and these differences contribute to their relative cytotoxicity.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Jiachi Chio
從程端禮《讀書分年日程》探究傳統書院學習計畫
No full text[[abstract]]Abstract
Huang chiou-yueh
The main purpose of this thesis is to make enquiries about The Learning Programme （“Du Shu fèn nián rì chéng ”by academy educator Cherng duan -li）and its practice in traditional academies. In order to probe deeply into the dissertation, the points of analyses round the programme include background,characteristics of the content and the external factors, then illustrate with examples how academies fix up the curriculum. Finally, the researcher will conclude into merits and demerits.
Under the imperial examination system, many common people spared no efforts to learn exquisite diction and were content with a superficial understanding, they did not make a clear distinction between right and wrong, let along to have an insight into the principle of the Confucian school of philosophy. The society filled the air of utilitarian thought. To make every effort to save a desperate situation, Cherng duan li taught untiringly his sons and stipulated his family school programme which contained study goals, curriculum design, teaching material, study method and so forth. Learning by The Study Programme , one´s actual strength was accumulated day by day and month by month. In addition, it was also useful to people who were determined to join the imperial examination.
The conclusions drawn from this treatise are as follows:
1.The programme could be viewed as our native land viewpoint of curriculum design.;
2.The significance and special status of The Stydy Programme in academy-instruction history may be generalized as two respects: first, it was to be held in esteem by the government; second, it was due to its great value in itself.;
3.It was Cherng´s prominent contribution to emphasize the importance of study and to expound Ju- Shi´s learning methodology;
4.Cherng duan lí put forward an opinion on the necessity of comprehending phonology and gloss（explanations of words in ancient books）for mastering the Confucian school of idealist philosophy;
5.He established the knowledge of moral conduct to a complete system on self-restraint and daily appearance;
6.The proposition of combining imperial examination with the Confucian school of ideal philosophy did not mediate the disparity between ideal and reality, so many scholars could not carry out Cherng´s opinion;
7.The uniform curriculum standard made by imperial order could not only neglect individual differences but also take no consideration to different necessities of academies.
The subject is worth researching. It arises our attention to some current shortcomings of school education. It inspires us to think:
1.We must attach more importance to the goal of man-cultivating;
2.Moral education remains to be promoted;
3.Combining teaching with admonition is conductive to elevate the relationship between teachers and students;
4.Consideration must be given to both the instruction and the research.
5.The mode of school teaching awaits to be revised;
6.Open our mind to receive new information permanently and train the students´ thinking ability z;
7.A well designed learning programme would have some efficacy in accumulating actual effects.
[[alternative]]easerch on the thought of war of chuen-chiou
No full text[[abstract]]本文旨在探究春秋時期的兵謀思想與戰爭觀念，內容分為五章：第一章 緒論，第二章 戰爭致勝的主要因素，第三章 兵謀思想及戰術運用，第四章 戰爭觀，第五章 結論。 《孫子》一書的思想、兵謀及戰術，必然是有所繼承，總結了過去的戰爭經驗，尤其是春秋時期的戰爭。此時頻繁的戰爭中，實蘊涵豐富的兵謀思想。然而學者論述兵法，泰半將其時戰役兵謀視為戰例引用，並未對戰爭思想作一通盤的研究。本文則試圖對春秋戰爭的兵謀思想，綜合整理，並探討其中兵法的奧妙，藉以呈現其時戰爭思想的完整面貌。 在兵謀思想中，人為的因素主導著戰爭的勝敗。而屬於人為因素的層面中，包括指揮者的素質，士卒的戰鬥能力，士氣的高低銳惰，敵情的偵察和瞭解，都是重要關鍵。所以探討春秋其時擇將的條件與特色，平時治軍訓練的策略，戰時士氣的激勵，料敵工夫的周密及方式，是本文論述的第一個重要課題。其次配合戰略戰術的運用分析，討論重要的兵謀思想：（一）是戰爭主動權的掌握，如何設謀致人而不受制於人；（二）深究虛實兵謀的轉化運用，討論如何以實為虛，以虛為實，避實擊虛而克敵致勝；（三）主要針對奇正戰術的變化，討論奇計奇襲；（四）伐交謀略，探如何發揮高明的外交手腕，不戰而屈人之兵。這是論述的第二個重要課題。最後則討論春秋戰爭中，所呈現的總體戰爭觀念，以及戰爭思想中安民重德的特質。希冀經由對春秋時戰爭思想的研究，瞭解孫子兵法中傳承因襲的部分，及其創造統整的依據。對謀略思想演變的焦點與軌跡，有更深一層的認識。
Chemical control of the rice tarsonemid mite
No full text1.室內藥劑殺瞞效果試驗，未選出良好藥劑，但藥劑加入乳化劑證明可增加殺蟎效果。較顯著者如Azodrin+Sapogenat T180及MIPC+Phenylsulfanat CA.
2.從田間藥劑適期防治知，乙基巴拉松及安殺番均具相同藥效，唯兩者殺蟎效果均欠佳。防治適期以插秧後30天至60天（即分蘗盛期～齊穗前）為宜，約10天噴一次。但此項觀察仍待選出有效藥劑經田間試驗才能確證。
3.稻細蟎有經由秧苗被帶至本田的可能，一般潛伏於葉耳及葉舌處，初期徵為葉鞘上端有褐斑，因此今後田間調查應儘早注意，以防患於未然。
4.幾年來田間調查顯示，在二期稻作初期若逢高溫乾旱，則細蟎很難在孕穗期建立高密度而造成其後嚴重為害，該作大發生可能性即小，因此田間調查密切監視其活動，是不可忽略的事。
1. Twenty-four pesticides were tested in the laboratory. No chemicals showed high efficacy. However, effectiveness was much improved when certain emulsifiers were added to pesticides, e. g. Azodrin+Sapogenat T 180 and MIPC+pheiylsulfanat CA.
2. Field trials showed that the effectiveness of both ethyl-parathion and endosulfan was about the same, both showing poor control of the rice mite. The proper timing for chemical control should initiate at the active tillering stage till heading and space at no more than 10-day intervals.
3. The rice tarsonemid mite could be found at earlier stages of rice seedling. This might be overlooked by field researchers before because of small samples.
4. Field surveys data seem to bear the conclusion that high temperature and drought conditions during June and July will drastically reduce the probability of an outbreak of this mite.
5. The author would like to suggest that pesticide toxicologists watch for the resistance of the mite to chemicals and improve pesticide formulation for field trials.
Whenever possible, field screening of pesticides be conducted to continuously search for effective chemicals. Close in-season field surveillance for earlier detection of the mite’s appearance be made routinely by local extension workers with special attention to the seedling stages before and after transplanting during the second crop
[[alternative]]The Study for the Effect of Parent-Adolescent Communication Consultation Group
No full text[[abstract]]The Study for the Effect of Parent-Adolescent Communication Consultation Group
By Shiann-Huei, Chiou
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to construct a cooperative and professional bridge between “school-family” so as to help adolescents, then to enhance the positive communicational ability of parents, and to resolve parent-adolescent communicational troubles effectively. It is based the communicational conception of “Circumplex Model of Marital and Family System” and the conception of consultation to design Parent-Adolescent Communication Consultation Group. Twenty-two parents of National Hai-San Industrial Vocational High School participated in this study. There were 12 parents selected to attend Group A, and the other 10 parents attended Group B. Group members met once a week, and it took them two hours per section. These two groups were led by the researcher with supervision. The effect of the communication consultation groups was assessed by pretest-posttest design included both quantitative and qualitative datas. The former, obtained from instruments including “Parent-Adolescent Communicational Trouble Check List”, “Parent-Adolescent Communicational Inventory (for Parent)”, “Parent-Adolescent Communi-cational Inventory (for Adolescence)”, were analyzed by t-test to test the hypotheses, which α<.05; the latter, obtained from “Member Focus Group”、and “Adolescent Focus Group”, were transcribed first, and then were processed by content analysis to compare the difference of pre-post groups.
The major findings were as follows:
1. The 22 members’ arithmetic mean M=19.23, standard deviation S=6.91, maximal value is 33, and minimal value is 8, referring to the pre-groups, in “positive communication” of “Parent-Adolescent Communicational Inventory (for Parent)” . And, referring to the post-groups, M=25.73, S=9.61, maximal value is 42, and minimal value is 20. After one-tail dependent event t test, t=-7.565, P<.05, it shows the mean score of post-groups were higher than the scores of pre-groups significantly. It means that the members adopt more positive communicational skills to handle adolescent problems, after attending the groups.
2. The members improve more significantly in positive communicational skills, which is based analyzing the transcript content “Member focus group” and “Adolescent Focus Group”, and it could be classified into six categories, including: “the respect for need of children”, “the skill of leading”, “empathy”, “the skill of enforcement ”, “the flexible attitude”, and “the awareness and control of emotion”.
3. The 22 members’ arithmetic mean M=6.55, standard deviation S=4.17, maximal value is 16, and minimal value is 0, referring to the pre-groups, in “negative communication” of “Parent-Adolescent Communicational Inventory (for Parent)” . And, referring to the post-groups, M=4.09, S=4.98, maximal value is 18, and minimal value is 0. After one-tail dependent event t test, t=1.94, P<.05, it shows the mean score of post-groups were lower than the scores of pre-groups significantly. It means that the members were inclined to avoid negative communicational fashions to handle adolescent problems, after attending the groups.
4. The member decreasingly use in negative communicational fashions, which is based analyzing the transcript content “Member focus group” and “Adolescent Focus Group”, and it could be classified into four categories, including: “the avoidance of preach”, “the avoidance of blame”, “the avoidance of autocracy”, and “theme interference reduction”.
5. The 22 members’ arithmetic mean M=92.68, standard deviation S=10.58, maximal value is 113, and minimal value is 74, referring to the pre-groups, in “Parent-Adolescent Communicational Inventory (for Parent)” . And, referring to the post-groups, M=101.64, S=13.57, maximal value is 122, and minimal value is 78. After one-tail dependent event t test, t=2.24, P<.05, it shows the mean score of post-groups were higher than the scores of pre-groups significantly. It means that the members were capable to adopt communicational skills to handle adolescent problems, after attending the groups .
6. After the members attended the groups, the members’ communication fashions were more acceptable by children than the communication fashions selected at random in “Parent-Adolescent Communicational Inventory (for Adolescence)”. This showed that the groups of this study could help members adopted communication fashions which their children preferred.
7. The 22 members’ arithmetic mean M=11.59, standard deviation S=6.51, maximal value is 26, and minimal value is 2, referring to the pre-groups, in “trouble level” of “Parent-Adolescent Communicational Trouble Check List” With the development of the groups, the scores decreased gradually; And, referring to the post-groups, M=5.77, S=5.10, maximal value is 18, and minimal value is 0. After one-tail dependent event t test, t=7.565, P<.05; it shows that the mean score of the post-groups were lower than those of the pre-groups. That is, Parent-Adolescent Communication Consultation Group could effectively decrease the members’ troubles between parents and adolescents.
8. The 22 members’ arithmetic mean M=11.00, standard deviation S=6.86, maximal value is 25, and minimal value is 2, referring to the pre-groups, in “trouble level” of “Parent-Adolescent Communicational Trouble Check List” With the development of the groups, the scores decreased gradually; And, referring to the post-groups, M=6.45, S=4.65, maximal value is 18, and minimal value is 1. After one-tail dependent event t test, t=6.07, P<.05; it shows that the mean score of the post-groups were lower than those of the pre-groups. It suggests that Parent-Adolescent Communication Consultation Group could effectively resolve the members’ problems between parents and adolescents.
9. The parent-adolescent communicational troubles decreased which is based analyzing the transcript content “Member focus group” and “Adolescent Focus Group”, which were classified into five categories, including: “Adolescent culture”, “personal relationship troubles”, “the interaction in the family”, “school behavioral troubles”, “behavioral troubles” and “no change.”
Finally, the results and findings of this study were fully discussed in order to provide propositions for the cooperation between “school-family” so as to help adolescents、for counseling practice、and for future research.
衝突與抉擇:「虯髯客傳」的人物性格塑造及其意涵
No full textPlots and characters are the two major elements to construct novels. The conflicts in a plot serve to shape the personalities of characters. Therefore, through the conflicts that the characters in a novel confront and the decisions they make, readers are able to understand the characters’ personalities as well as the theme which the author desires to present.
Chiou Ran Ke Juan (The Story about the Man with Curly Beard) is the most well-known legend of Tang Dynasty. However, it is hard for readers to determine the characters’ personalities. Chiou Ran Ke, for instance, is thought to be trapped by his fate, so he desperately runs away. Comments on Li Jing vary greatly; some praise him as a chivalry, but others mock his weakness and hesitation. Examining how the characters react to their conflicts may be a more precise way to know their personalities.
The author of Chiou Ran Ke Juan, depicts the essential personal qualities that a hero possesses by presenting the actions of three different personalities: Li Jing, Hung Fu and Chiou Ran Ke. Through Li Jing’s kindness, Hung Fu’s wisdom, and Chiou Ran Ke’s kindness and bravery, the author has created a timeless work of art. Chiou Ran Ke Juan is a legend of heroes; a hero is never a victim of circumstances and instead a leader in all aspects of life. This study induces that a true hero embodies the qualities of wisdom, kindness, and braveness, a combination of these three characters. These virtues are cultivated and not a result of fate.情節與人物為小說構成之兩大元素，而情節的「衝突」點又有形塑人物性格之功能，因此，透過小說中各個角色面臨的衝突與之後的抉擇，很能掌握人物性格以及作者意欲呈現的主旨。
〈虯髯客傳〉是唐傳奇名篇，但讀者對其中角色之性格，常拿捏不定，比如論定虯髯客擺脫不了天命的侷限，因而有頹然遠走的悲劇；對李靖這個人物評價落差尤大，前人許之為「俠」，後人卻譏其儒弱猶豫。如果由人物對衝突的處理來檢視，或許能細膩地窺知其角色性格。
〈虯髯客傳〉作者利用李靖、紅拂、虯髯客三個角色面對衝突時所採取的提擇，逐一刻畫所謂「英雄」應當具備的人格特質：李靖之仁、紅拂之智、虯髯之仁與勇，這樣的手法，讓此篇傳奇在不同的時空背景底下，也還能擁有其自身完足的藝術生命。蓋所謂「虯髯客傳」者，「英雄傳」也，而「英雄」是創造時勢而非被時勢侷限的人。本研究以為，作者想呈現的理想中的英雄俠客，乃合李靖、紅拂、虯髯為一的「智仁勇」三達德兼具的人，這樣的人格特質，靠的是修為，而非天命
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