53 research outputs found
Building the content of CSR in the food chain with a stakeholder dialogue
No full textThe paper is concerned with the content of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the food supply chains. The objective is to build the content of CSR in the food chain with a stakeholder dialogue. The research project takes an action oriented approach and is based on case studies. The project draws on three different case food products and their supply chains: rye bread, broiler chicken products and margarine. The content of CSR is constructed in interaction between researchers, consumers, companies and their interest groups. The research project combines the compilation and analysis of extensive information sources, constructive technology assessment and stakeholder workshops. The paper presents how the research process is proceeding in a dialogue with researchers, representatives of case companies, consumers and other stakeholders and provides results on important CSR issues related to the case food products and their supply chains.Corporate social responsibility, supply chain, stakeholders, Agribusiness,
Mycorrhizosphere concept
No full textSari Timonen, Petra Marschnerhttp://www.springer.com/life+sci/ecology/book/978-3-540-29182-
Kuusentaimien sienijuurien määrä ja laatu suomalaisilla metsätaimitarhoilla
No full textTutkimusselosteSeloste artikkelista: Flykt, E., Timonen, S. & Pennanen, T. 2008. Variation of ectomycorrhizal colonisation in Norway spruce seedlings in Finnish forest nurseries. Silva Fennica 42(4): 571–585
and its nest material
No full textIn this study, we investigated the bacterial and fungal microbiomes of the ant Formica exsecta (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), and assessed whether the microbial communities inside the ants differ from those in their nest material. Furthermore, we investigated whether the microbial communities inside the ants are conserved across time. To achieve this, we sequenced the bacterial 16S rRNA, and the fungal ITS region in entire adult worker ants and their nest material by Illumina MiSeq. We found that both the bacterial, and the fungal microbiomes form communities discrete from those in the surrounding nest material. In addition to the differences in species composition, we also found that bacterial species diversity, species richness, ? diversity, and evenness were lower in ants than in the nest material. For fungi, only species richness was lower in the ants than in the nest material. The rate of within-colony species turnover across sampling events was not statistically significant for bacteria, but highly significant for fungi. This suggests that the fungal communities in the ants are less stable than the bacterial ones. Four bacterial taxa (Alphaproteobacteria, Proteobacteria, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus), and two fungal taxa (Davidiella and Cryptococcus) formed a core microbiome, being consistently present and more abundant in the ants, but absent in the nest material. In all other cases differences in community composition and structure were due to taxa that were more consistently present and more abundant in the nest material, and frequently absent in the ants. Furthermore, we found 36 unique OTUs identified as Proteobacteria, and 82 unique OTUs identified as Alphaproteobacteria in the ants, representing 2.5% and 5.8% of all bacterial OTUs and 24.6% and 41% of the total number of bacterial sequences. This suggests that F. exsecta harbours a considerable bacterial diversity that so far remains unexplored.Peer reviewe
Effects of Organic Pollutants on Bacterial Communities Under Future Climate Change Scenarios
No full textCoastal ecosystems are highly dynamic and can be strongly influenced by climate change, anthropogenic activities (e.g. pollution) and a combination of the two pressures. As a result of climate change, the northern hemisphere is predicted to undergo an increased precipitation regime, leading in turn to higher terrestrial runoff and increased river inflow. This increased runoff will transfer terrestrial dissolved organic matter (tDOM) and anthropogenic contaminants to coastal waters. Such changes can directly influence the resident biology, particularly at the base of the food web, and can influence the partitioning of contaminants and thus their potential impact on the food web. Bacteria have been shown to respond to high tDOM concentration and organic pollutants loads, and could represent the entry of some pollutants into coastal food webs. We carried out a mesocosm experiment to determine the effects of: 1) increased tDOM concentration, 2) organic pollutant exposure, and 3) the combined effect of these two factors, on pelagic bacterial communities. This study showed significant responses in bacterial community composition under the three environmental perturbations tested. The addition of tDOM increased bacterial activity and diversity, while the addition of organic pollutants led to an overall reduction of these parameters, particularly under concurrent elevated tDOM concentration. Furthermore, we identified 33 bacterial taxa contributing to the significant differences observed in community composition, as well as 35 bacterial taxa which responded differently to extended exposure to organic pollutants. These findings point to the potential impact of organic pollutants under future climate change conditions on the basal coastal ecosystem, as well as to the potential utility of natural bacterial communities as efficient indicators of environmental disturbance.Errata: Rodríguez, J., Gallampois, C. M. J., Timonen, S., Andersson, A., Sinkko, H., Haglund, P., et al. Corrigendum: Effects of Organic Pollutants on Bacterial Communities Under Future Climate Change Scenarios. Front. Microbiol. 2019;10:2388. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02388ECOCHANG
Archaea are prominent members of the prokaryotic communities colonizing common forest mushrooms
No full textIn this study, the abundance and composition of prokaryotic communities associated with the inner tissue of fruiting bodies of Suillus bovinus, Boletus pinophilus, Cantharellus cibarius, Agaricus arvensis, Lycoperdon perlatum, and Piptoporus betulinus were analyzed using culture-independent methods. Our findings indicate that archaea and bacteria colonize the internal tissues of all investigated specimens and that archaea are prominent members of the prokaryotic community. The ratio of archaeal 16S rRNA gene copy numbers to those of bacteria was >1 in the fruiting bodies of four out of six fungal species included in the study. The largest proportion of archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences belonged to thaumarchaeotal classes Terrestrial group, Miscellaneous Crenar-chaeotic Group (MCG), and Thermoplasmata. Bacterial communities showed characteristic compositions in each fungal species. Bacterial classes Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacilli, and Clostridia were prominent among communities in fruiting body tissues. Bacterial populations in each fungal species had different characteristics. The results of this study imply that fruiting body tissues are an important habitat for abundant and diverse populations of archaea and bacteria.Peer reviewe
Bacterial community composition and activity in rhizosphere of roots colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
No full textPetra Marschner and Sari Timone
Influence of allochthonous dissolved organic matter on pelagic basal production in a northerly estuary
No full textPhytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria are key groups at the base of aquatic food webs. In estuaries receiving riverine water with a high content of coloured allochthonous dissolved organic matter (ADOM), phytoplankton primary production may be reduced, while bacterial production is favoured. We tested this hypothesis by performing a field study in a northerly estuary receiving nutrient-poor, ADOM-rich riverine water, and analyzing results using multivariate statistics. Throughout the productive season, and especially during the spring river flush, the production and growth rate of heterotrophic bacteria were stimulated by the riverine inflow of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). In contrast, primary production and photosynthetic efficiency (i.e. phytoplankton growth rate) were negatively affected by DOC. Primary production related positively to phosphorus, which is the limiting nutrient in the area. In the upper estuary where DOC concentrations were the highest, the heterotrophic bacterial production constituted almost 100% of the basal production (sum of primary and bacterial production) during spring, while during summer the primary and bacterial production were approximately equal. Our study shows that riverine DOC had a strong negative influence on coastal phytoplankton production, likely due to light attenuation. On the other hand DOC showed a positive influence on bacterial production since it represents a supplementary food source. Thus, in boreal regions where climate change will cause increased river inflow to coastal waters, the balance between phytoplankton and bacterial production is likely to be changed, favouring bacteria. The pelagic food web structure and overall productivity will in turn be altered. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe
Differential expression of Glomus intraradices genes in external mycelium and mycorrhizal roots of tomato and barley
No full textRelative quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting were used to investigate the expression of three genes with potentially regulatory functions from the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices in symbiosis with tomato and barley. Standardisation of total RNA per sample and determination of different ratios of plant and fungal RNA in roots as colonisation proceeded were achieved by relative quantitative RT-PCR using universal (NS1/NS21) and organism-specific rRNA primers. In addition, generic primers were designed for amplification of plant or fungal β-tubulin genes and for plant glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genes as these have been suggested as useful controls in symbiotic systems. The fungal genes Ginmyc1 and Ginhb1 were expressed only in the external mycelium and not in colonised roots at both mRNA and protein levels, with the proteins detected almost exclusively in the insoluble fractions. In contrast, mRNA of Ginmyc2 was identified in both external and intraradical mycelium. In mycorrhizal roots, Ginmyc2 and fungal β-tubulin mRNAs increased in proportion to fungal rRNA as colonisation proceeded, suggesting that accumulation reflected intraradical fungal growth. Fungal α-tubulin protein and β-tubulin mRNA both appeared to be more abundantly accumulated in AM hyphae within heavily colonised roots than in external hyphae, relative to fungal rRNA. Tomato GAPDH mRNA accumulation was proportional to tomato rRNA, but accumulation of tomato β-tubulin mRNA was reduced in colonised roots compared to non-mycorrhizal roots. These results provide novel evidence of differential spatial and temporal regulation of AM fungal genes, indicate that the expression of tubulin genes of both plant and fungus may be regulated during colonisation and validate the use of multiple ‘control’ genes in analysis of mycorrhizal gene expression.Gabriele Delp, Sari Timonen, Garry M. Rosewarne, Susan J. Barker and Sally Smit
Isien kokemuksia isyydestään rikosprosessin ajalta
No full textKoulutusohjelma: Sosiaalialan koulutusohjelma
Opinnäytetyön tekijä: Pirjo Timonen-Nissi
Opinnäytetyön nimi: Isien kokemuksia isyydestään rikosprosessin ajalta
Sivuja (joista liitesivuja): 43 (3)
Päiväys: 21.11.2014
Opinnäytetyön ohjaaja: Helavirta Susanna & Päivi Muranen
Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena on selvittää millaisia kokemuksia isillä on isyydestään rikosprosessinsa aikana.
Opinnäytetyön taustaosuudessa käydään läpi Rikosseuraamuslaitoksen organisaatiota, Rikosseuraamuslaitoksen lapsi- ja perhetyön linjauksia, sosiaalityötä ja rikosseuraamusalaa, sekä Rikosseuraamuslaitoksen ohjelmatyötä. Teoria osuudessa käydään läpi isyyttä, sen historiaa ja erilaisia isyyden muotoja, sekä isyyden toteutumista vankilassa.
Tätä opinnäytetyötä varten olen haastatellut viittä Rikosseuraamuslaitoksen mies asiakasta, jotka ovat isiä ja ovat olleet vankilassa. Haastattelut on toteutettu teemahaastatteluna ja ne nauhoitettiin.
Kahden haastateltavan elämä rikosten aikaan oli ollut tavallista elämää johon kuului perhe ja työ. Kolmen haastateltavan elämässä rikosten aikaan oli ollut mukana väkivaltaa sekä päihteitä, lapsia tavattiin aina kun se oli mahdollista. Vankilassaoloaikanaan isät olisivat halunneet nähdä lapsiaan enemmän, mutta he myös tiedostivat sen, että vankiloiden resurssit eivät yksinkertaisesti aina riitä tapaamisten lisäämiseen. Yhteydenpito kirjeitse, puhelimitse sekä rajallisilla tapaamisilla koettiin haasteelliseksi, mutta moni sanoi, että siihenkin sopeutuu, kun muitakaan vaihtoehtoja ei ollut. Mahdollisuudet vaikuttaa lastensa asioihin vankilasta käsin, sekä huoli lastensa pärjäämisestä heijastuivat myös joidenkin haastateltavien vastauksissa. Valtaosa haastateltavista ei ollut saanut mistään tukea isyyteensä rikosprosessinsa aikana, he kertoivat myös, että eivät olleet tukea kaivanneetkaan. Yksi vastaaja olisi kaivannut tukea isyyteensä lapsensa äidiltä sekä sosiaalityöntekijöiltä ja yhteiskunnalta, esimerkiksi erilaisten isä-ryhmien muodossa. Haastateltavista valtaosa olisi kaivannut lisää perhetapaamisia vankilassa ollessaan, varsinkin lasten ollessa pieniä. Poistumislupia olisi myös toivottu olleen enemmän vankeuden loppuvaiheessa.Degree programme: Degree Programme In Social Services,
Bachelor Of Social Services
Author: Pirjo Timonen-Nissi
Thesis title: Fathers´ experiences of fatherhood during the criminal process
Pages (of which appendixes): 43 (3)
Date: 21.11.2014
Thesis instructors: Helavirta Susanna and Muranen Päivi
The purpose of this thesis was to examine what kind of experiences fathers had of their fatherhood in their criminal process time, in other words during the commitment of the crime and the time in prison.
The background of the thesis will deal with the Criminal Sanctions Agency organization, the Criminal Sanctions Agency´s child and family policies, social work and criminal penalties sector, as well as the Criminal Sanctions Agency programme work. The theory part consists of the defenition of fatherhood, history and various forms of fatherhood, as well as the realization of fatherhood in prison.
For this thesis I have interviewed five men who are fathers and have been in prison. During the interview time they were clients of Criminal Sanctions Agency. The material was collected by theme interviews and the interviews were recorded. The tapes were transcribed.
Two interviewee´s life in crime time was ordinary life which included family and work. Three interviewee´s life in crime time involved violence and drugs. The children were met whenever possible. During time in prison the fathers would have wanted to see their children more but they were aware of the fact that the prison´s resources were not limited to increase meetings. Contacts by letter, telephone and the few meetings were seen as challenging but many said that you have to adapt because there is no other way. Possibilities to influence on issues concerning their children from prison as well as concerns about the children´s abilities to cope in life were also reflected in some of the interwiees´ responses. A majority of the respondents had not received any support to their fatherhood during their criminal process. One respondent would have liked to get support to his fatherhood from the mother of his children and from social workers and from society, for example in the form of different father groups. The majority of the respondents would have liked to have more family meetings while in prison, especially when children are small. More exit licenses would have been desirable at towards the end of the imprisonment
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