1,720,954 research outputs found
O acesso à justiça e o papel da defensoria pública no Brasil à luz do sistema interamericano de direitos humanos
Get PDFDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito.Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC para obtenção do título de mestre, elaborada por Simone Jaques de Azambuja Santiago, que analisa a questão do acesso à justiça como direito humano, assim considerado no direito internacional, e direito fundamental na esfera constitucional, ambos no resgate da cidadania. O estudo do tema acesso à justiça se desenvolve a partir de uma perspectiva crítica, histórica e conceitual dando-se ênfase na importância de sua interligação com o princípio da igualdade; passando pela questão do seu tratamento perante o Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos; a prática desse direito no âmbimto da legislação de alguns países, como a possibilidade da exigência de cumprimento do mesmo pelos Estados-partes da Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA) e também da Convenção Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. Por último é realizada uma abordagem sobre a prática do acesso à justiça no Brasil, desde o período colonial até a criação da Defensoria Pública, através do reconhecimento da imprescindibilidade de seu adequado funcionamento na defesa dos necessitados, destacando ainda os avanços conquistados até os dias de hoje, nos planos federal e estadual, dessa importante instituição que é considerada essencial para a existência real do Estado Democrático de Direito. Dissertation submitted to the Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC to obtain the title of master, produced by Simone de Azambuja Jaques Santiago, which examines the issue of access to justice as a human right, well regarded in international law and fundamental right in the constitutional sphere, both the rescue of citizenship. The study of the subject access to justice is developing from a critical perspective, historical and conceptual is giving emphasis on the importance of its interconnection with the principle of equality, including the issue of their treatment before the Inter-American Human Rights System, the practice that right under the law of some ountries, such as the possibility of fulfillment of the requirement of the same by member-parties of the Organization of American States (OAS) and the Inter- American Convention on Human Rights. Finally is there a practical approach on access to justice in Brazil, from the colonial period until the creation of the Defensoria Pública, by the recognition of imprescindibilidade of its proper functioning in the defense of the indigent, also highlighting the advances achieved until the days of today, both federal and state, this important institution that is considered essential to the real existence of a democratic state
Acesso à justiça e vulnerabilidade penal: o papel da Defensoria Pública como vetor de transformação e emancipação social à luz da sociologia das ausências e das emergências
Get PDFTese (doutorado) — Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Direito, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, 2024.A presente pesquisa aborda o estudo do direito de acesso à justiça como um direito humano fundamental, considerado o mais básico de todos os direitos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, cujo objetivo geral é demonstrar que a Defensoria Pública, enquanto instituição permanente de acesso à justiça para os hipossuficientes pode atuar como um instrumento de transformação e emancipação social, no contexto da redução da vulnerabilidade penal, à luz da sociologia das ausências e das emergências. Essa atuação visa desvelar e combater as ações e omissões estatais que, no âmbito do processo penal, buscam reforçar o paradigma vigente de invisibilidade social. No primeiro capítulo, o estudo aborda o conceito em suas várias dimensões, além da evolução do acesso à justiça, consolidado pelo Projeto Florença, por meio das três ondas renovatórias, cujos principais pesquisadores foram Mauro Cappelletti e Bryan Garth, na década de 1970. Com o passar do tempo, devido à transformação da sociedade e da justiça, novas ondas renovatórias surgiram para garantir a efetivação dos direitos dos cidadãos, especialmente dos mais pobres e vulneráveis. Nesse contexto, sobreveio a necessidade de elaborar estratégias para a concretização dos direitos desses cidadãos, que, por sua vez, não podiam arcar com o pagamento de honorários advocatícios. Entre essas estratégias, destacam-se dois modelos principais: o "judicare" e o "salaried staff model". O modelo "judicare" é aquele em que o Estado financia advogados particulares para representar as causas dos cidadãos mais necessitados, enquanto o "salaried staff model" é o modelo atualmente adotado pelo Brasil, por meio da Defensoria Pública, abordada de forma mais abrangente no segundo capítulo. Essa instituição, criada e prevista constitucionalmente, tem por objetivo prestar assistência judiciária integral e gratuita aos cidadãos vulneráveis. Embora a Defensoria Pública já tenha sido instituída em todos os estados brasileiros, ainda não está presente em um número significativo de municípios, o que é uma realidade preocupante, especialmente em um país com uma grande parcela de cidadãos pobres e uma população encarcerada expressiva, resultado das mazelas sociais vivenciadas na atualidade. No terceiro capítulo, são discutidas as diversas formas de vulnerabilidade experimentadas pelas camadas mais pobres da sociedade brasileira, com destaque para a vulnerabilidade penal, evidenciada pelo encarceramento em massa, que resulta em um grande número de cidadãos vivendo na invisibilidade. Esse fenômeno é evidenciado pelos estudos de Boaventura de Sousa Santos, por meio da sociologia das ausências e das emergências. Como resultado da pesquisa, aponta-se que a Defensoria Pública, considerada a voz dos vulneráveis, por meio de ações estratégicas, pode ser um instrumento de emancipação social e de resistência às tentativas de silenciar, ocultar ou inviabilizar os direitos dos mais necessitados.This research addresses the study of the right to access justice as a fundamental human right, considered the most basic of all rights. This is a qualitative research, whose general objective is to demonstrate that the Public Defender's Office, as a permanent institution of access to justice for the underprivileged, can act as an instrument of transformation and social emancipation, in the context of reducing criminal vulnerability, in light of sociology of absences and emergencies. This action aims to uncover and combat state actions and omissions that, within the scope of criminal proceedings, seek to reinforce the current paradigm of social invisibility. In the first chapter, the study addresses the concept in its various dimensions, in addition to the evolution of access to justice, consolidated by the Florence Project, through the three renewal waves, whose main researchers were Mauro Cappelletti and Bryan Garth, in the 1970s. Over time, due to the transformation of society and justice, new waves of renewal emerged to guarantee the realization of citizens' rights, especially the poorest and most vulnerable. In this context, there was a need to develop strategies to realize the rights of these citizens, who, in turn, could not afford to pay legal fees. Among these strategies, two main models stand out: the "judicare" and the "salaried staff model". The "judicare" model is one in which the State finances private lawyers to represent the causes of the most needy citizens, while the "salaried staff model" is the model currently adopted by Brazil, through the Public Defender's Office, addressed more comprehensively in the second chapter. This institution, created and constitutionally provided for, aims to provide comprehensive and free legal assistance to vulnerable citizens. Although the Public Defender's Office has already been established in all Brazilian states, it is still not present in a significant number of municipalities, which is a worrying reality, especially in a country with a large proportion of poor citizens and a significant incarcerated population, a result of the social ills experienced today. In the third chapter, the various forms of vulnerability experienced by the poorest layers of Brazilian society are discussed, with emphasis on criminal vulnerability, evidenced by mass incarceration, which results in a large number of citizens living in invisibility. This phenomenon is evidenced by the studies of Boaventura de Sousa Santos, through the sociology of absences and emergencies. As a result of the research, it is pointed out that the Public Defender's Office, considered the voice of the vulnerable, through strategic actions, can be an instrument of social emancipation and resistance to attempts to silence, hide or undermine the rights of those most in need.Faculdade de Direito (FD)Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direit
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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