1,059 research outputs found
How do variations in Urban Heat Islands in space and time influence household water use? The case of Phoenix, Arizona
No full textabstract: This paper explores how urbanization, through its role in the evolution of Urban Heat Island (UHI), affects residential water consumption. Using longitudinal data and drawing on a mesoscale atmospheric model, we examine how variations in surface temperature at the census tract level have affected water use in single family residences in Phoenix, Arizona. Results show that each Fahrenheit rise in nighttime temperature increases water consumption by 1.4%. This temperature effect is found to vary significantly with lot size and pool size. The study provides insights into the links between urban form and water use, through the dynamics of UHI.Corresponding Author:
Rimjhim M. Aggarwal
Arizona State University
[email protected]
Comparing the efficacy and safety of two regimens of sequential systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma
No full textBackground : Corticosteroids are commonly used in the management of acute asthma. However, studies comparing various steroids in the management of acute asthma are lacking. Objective : To compare the efficacy and safety of two treatment regimens - intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone (MP) followed by oral MP and IV hydrocortisone (HC) followed by oral prednisolone in acute bronchial asthma patients. Materials and Methods : This was a randomized, prospective study performed in the emergency department (ED) of a tertiary care hospital in North India. A total of 94 patients with acute asthma were randomly allocated to either of the two treatment groups: Group A (n = 49) or Group B (n = 45). Patients in Group A were administered HC 200 mg IV 6-hourly until discharge from the ED, followed by oral prednisolone 0.75 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks. Patients in Group B were administered MP 125 mg IV bolus, followed by 40 mg MP IV 6-hourly until discharge, and then oral MP 0.6 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks. All clinical variables, peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) were assessed at baseline, at 1, 3 and 6 h and at every 6 h thereafter until discharge from the ED. The patients were followed-up after 2 weeks of discharge. The response to treatment was assessed by clinical and spirometric evaluation. Independent t-tests and chi-square tests were used to compare the two treatment regimens. Results : The baseline characteristics were comparable in the two groups. There was a significant improvement in PEF and FEV 1 within the groups at 2 weeks of treatment when compared to the baseline. At 2 weeks of follow-up, Group B showed significant improvement over Group A in PEF (P < 0.0001), FEV 1 (P < 0.0001) and asthma score (P = 0.034). There was a significant increase in the blood sugar value at 2 weeks in both the groups. However, the increase was greater in Group A as compared to Group B (P < 0.0001). Conclusion : This study suggests that in acute asthma patients, IV MP followed by oral MP is a more efficacious and safer treatment regimen than IV HC followed by oral prednisolone
Review of Application of Optimization Technique in Electrical Engineering
No full textPower Generation scheduling involves the allocation of the load selection of units to be placed in operation and between these operating units. In this integer programming is used. Formulation of economic dispatch problem as an integer programming is taken into account the discontinuous input-output characteristics and start-up cost of generators. For solving this new method i.e., gomory-cut method used for integer programming. By mathematical optimization problem,so many optimizing problem have been solved. Such problem as the economic dispatch, in many of thefacts;allocationpollutiondispatch;maximuminterchange;hydrothermalunitcommitmentand dispatch ; generation transmission and distribution expansion planning; maintenance scheduling and substation switching, var scheduling have been formulated and solved. Modern mathematical optimization techniques, such as linear, nonlinear, quadratic and dynamic programming and their many combinations and extension have been exploited. Now, some of the formulation and solutions to these problem are explained in this are reviewed
Caste, religion and power: an Indian case study
No full textReviews the book "Caste, Religion and Power: An Indian Case Study," by Pratap C. Aggarwal.; Reviews the book "Caste, Religion and Power: An Indian Case Study," by Pratap C. Aggarwal
Data mining : the textbook / Charu C. Aggarwal.
No full textcomputer bookfair2016Includes bibliographical references and index.xxix, 734 pages
Floods, rivers, and night-time lights: analysing human presence and vulnerability in the indus - ganga basin
No full textSince the dawn of human civilization, rivers have profoundly shaped both landscape evolution and population dynamics. Rivers have historically attracted human settlements due to their accessibility for navigation, trade, and resources. However, with urbanization and population growth, particularly near rivers, flood hazards have intensified, leading to significant human and economic losses. This thesis focuses on flood risks in the Indus-Ganga Basin, the world’s most populous river basin, which frequently experiences severe floods. Traditional flood risk assessments often use outdated datasets that may not capture the dynamic nature of human presence and infrastructure. To address these limitations, this study incorporates novel data from night-time lights (NTL), a proxy for human activity and settlement, in flood exposure and risk assessments.
The thesis applies a remote sensing and GIS-based approach to integrate NTL data, analysing spatial patterns of human activity and their interactions with landscape factors and flood hazards. Three key components are explored: landscape drivers shaping human presence, the socio-economic impacts of floods, and the development of a comprehensive flood risk assessment framework.
I first investigate NTL data to examine the relationship between river geomorphology and human settlements in the Indus Basin. Results highlight how settlement patterns near rivers are shaped by geomorphological factors, influencing flood vulnerability. In my second project, the impact of the 2022 Indus floods is analysed through NTL, revealing significant declines in radiance, indicating disruptions to human activity. This novel approach captures flood impacts beyond the inundation zone, emphasising the compound effects on both urban and rural areas. Lastly, I introduce a flood risk assessment model for the Ganga Basin, combining flood hazard, exposure, and vulnerability indices. The study showcases the value of NTL data in assessing flood exposure and vulnerability, offering an innovative, dynamic, and cost-effective method to enhance flood risk understanding in vulnerable regions.Open Acces
Decoding "Public authority" under the RTI act: a comment on Subhash Chandra Aggarwal v. Indian national congress
No full textThe June, 2013 order of the Central Information Commission ("CIC") in Subhash Chandra Aggarwal v. Indian National Congress which brought political parties within the scope of the Right to Information ("RTI") Act, has highlighted some issues regarding the drafting and interpretation of the RTI Act. The CIC held that the six national political parties which were respondents
in the case, have the ingredients that qualify them as "public authorities" within the meaning of section 2(h) of the RTI Act. In this comment the author argues that the reasoning for holding what constitutes substantial financing that makes a body a "public authority" is not clear and the interpretation of the definition of "public authority" is inconsisten
- …
