1,720,988 research outputs found
Crime and Education
No full textResearch studying the connections between crime and education is a prominent aspect of the big increase of publication and research interest in the economics of crime field. This work demonstrates a crime-reducing impact of education, which can be interpreted as causal through leveraging research designs (e.g., based on education policy changes) that ensure the direction of causality flows from education to crime. A significant body of research also explores in detail, and in various directions, the means by which education has a crime-reducing impact. This includes evidence on incapacitation- versus productivity-raising aspects of education and on the quality of schooling at different stages of education, ranging from early age interventions through primary and secondary schooling to policy changes that alter the school dropout age. This evidence base shows that there are education policies that have been effective crime prevention tools in many settings around the world
Migration, education and crime: Evidence from 20 years of research
No full textMigrating is arguably the single act an individual can make that has the most dramatic consequences for an individual’s earnings. But what are the underlying mechanisms behind this effect? This chapter studies the connection between migration and two crucial ingredients behind its dramatic effect on the circumstances of a migrant, namely education and crime. In particular, this chapter reviews the existing evidence on the link between internal and international migration, student outcomes in school and criminality
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The when and what of measuring ECE quality: Analysis of variation in the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) across the ECE day
Get PDFObservational assessment has become an integral component of the quality improvement agenda in Early Care and Education (ECE) and has been significant in directing attention to quality of interactions within the ECE setting. Understanding the functioning of observational assessment is increasingly important as the stakes are high. Assessment outcomes influence programme funding. Assessment criteria direct educators to preference particular types of experiences for children, grounded in the assumptions that these criteria are those that best predict children's’ school readiness, ongoing achievements and wellbeing. We examine two contextual factors that might affect assessment functioning: (1) When – the timing of assessment in the ECE day and (2) What – the content and format of the activities observed. We provide the example of the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS), analysing 11,341 observations cycles undertaken in a representative sample of 2306 Australian pre-K (age 3–4 years) through Year 2 (age 7–8 years) classrooms. Our data show a generalised decline in instructional, organisational and emotional support across the ECE day (8am to 4pm) with recovery in emotional support at the end of the day. Within-classroom analyses demonstrate that whole group and small group formats and science, math, and social science content inflate, while meal times, physical activity, and transitions constrain CLASS scores. Separate analyses for pre-K classrooms showed similar patterns. We discuss the findings in terms of the purpose of assessment and suggest that particular times and events in the ECE day might serve as barometers of quality
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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