32,971 research outputs found
Variasi Haplotipe Gen Cytochrome c Oxidase I dan II pada Wereng Hijau Nephotettix virescens (Distant) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Populasi Indonesia.
No full textWereng hijau, Nephotettix virescens (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) merupakan
serangga vektor virus tungro padi yang menginfeksi tanaman padi di Indonesia.
Gejala tanaman yang terinfeksi virus tungro menjadi kerdil, warna daun
menguning, daun muda menggulung, anakan padi berkurang, dan gabah hampa,
sehingga menyebabkan pertumbuhan tanaman terganggu yang berakibat
menurunnya produktivitas. Populasi N. virescens memiliki variasi yang berbeda
pada karakter morfologi eksternal (kepala, torak, sayap, abdomen, dan tungkai)
dan karakter genitalia jantan (aedeagus, jumlah spines (duri) pada aedeagus, dan
pygofer) di beberapa wilayah Indonesia. Variasi yang terjadi pada populasi N.
virescens kemungkinan dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan lokal sehingga tidak
mengungkapkan pola pengelompokkan berdasarkan geografik. Oleh karena itu,
diperlukan identifikasi serangga vektor yang lebih akurat untuk membedakan
populasi N. virescens dari berbagai daerah.
Pendekatan molekular dengan mempelajari variasi genetik diharapkan
dapat mengungkapkan pola pengelompokkan berdasarkan geografik, sehingga
dapat digunakan untuk Pemantauan persebaran populasi N. virescens di setiap
daerah. Oleh karena itu, database molekular N. virescens sangat diperlukan untuk
mengembangkan strategi pengendalian vektor. Informasi variasi genetik dapat
digunakan untuk mempelajari asal-usul serangga vektor ketika terjadi dominansi
N. virescens di suatu daerah.
Marka DNA mitokondria (DNAmt) dapat digunakan untuk mempelajari
identifikasi spesies, variasi genetik intra spesies dan hubungan kekerabatan antar
spesies. Gen pada DNAmt yang banyak digunakan dalam studi molekular untuk
mempelajari variasi genetik dan struktur populasi adalah gen cytochrome c
oxidase (COI dan COII). Daerah gen COI dan COII memiliki variabilitas yang
rendah, bersifat konservatif, tidak ada insersi dan delesi. Data DNAmt untuk N.
virescens di Indonesia belum ada. Oleh karena itu, analisis variasi gen COI dan
COII N.virescens di Indonesia perlu dilakukan untuk mendapatkan database
serangga tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari variasi haplotipe gen COI
dan COII N. virescens yang dikoleksi dari delapan lokasi di enam provinsi di
Indonesia, yaitu Aceh, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Bali, dan Sulawesi
Selatan.
Tahapan analisis molekular meliputi ekstraksi DNA fase dewasa N.
virescens, amplifikasi DNA, perunutan dan alignment DNA. Primer gen COI dan
COII N. virescens dirancang berdasarkan complete genome DNAmt N. cincticeps
(GenBank no. aksesi KP749836). Analisis bioinformatik dilakukan berdasarkan
homologi runutan basa dan asam amino, analisis jarak genetik dan konstruksi
pohon filogeni untuk kekerabatan antar populasi. Analisis molekular lain meliputi
diversitas haplotipe dan basa, dan analisis struktur genetik populasi.
Sebanyak 128 urutan basa gen COI dan COII telah berhasil diperoleh dari
64 individu N. virescens. Hasil alignment dari delapan populasi diperoleh panjang
basa gen COI dan COII parsial masing-masing sebesar 735 dan 612 pb. Penelitian
ini menemukan 14 dan 10 haplotipe baru dari alignment runutan basa berturutturut
untuk COI dan COII. Haplotipe baru hasil penelitian ini telah didaftar ke
DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) dengan nomer aksesi: LC330970 - LC330983
untuk gen COI dan LC330984 – LC330993 untuk gen COII. Variasi basa yang
terjadi pada 14 haplotipe gen COI dan ke-10 haplotipe gen COII adalah berupa
substitusi yang tidak selalu menyebabkan perubahan asam amino.
Hasil penelitian menemukan gen COI terdiri atas satu haplotipe umum dan
13 haplotipe spesifik, sedangkan gen COII ditemukan dua haplotipe umum dan
delapan haplotipe spesifik. Haplotipe umum ditentukan berdasarkan runutan basa
yang ditemukan disemua lokasi sampel yang diteliti, yaitu haplotipe 1 (HT1)
untuk gen COI sedangkan HT1 dan HT2 untuk gen COII. Dengan adanya
haplotipe umum ini dimungkinkan terjadi aliran gen antara populasi-pupulasi
wereng hijau tersebut dan HT1 mungkin merupakan haplotipe nenek moyang N.
virescens. Haplotipe spesifik (haplotipe unik untuk masing-masing daerah) pada
gen COI dan COII dapat dikelompokkan masing-masing menjadi empat dan tiga
haplotipe spesifik pulau. Keempat haplotipe spesifik N. virescens yang ditemukan
di gen COI dapat digunakan untuk mewakili daerah Jawa, Sumatera, Bali, dan
Sulawesi, sedangkan tiga haplotipe spesifik gen COII berasal dari Jawa, Sumatera,
dan Sulawesi.
Diversitas genetik delapan populasi N. virescens menunjukkan bahwa
nilai rata-rata diversitas haplotipe gen COI dan COII relatif moderat (Hd = 0.546)
sampai tinggi (Hd = 0.665) dengan diversitas basa rendah (Л = 0.00204 dan
0.00208). Nilai Fst menunjukkan bahwa populasi Kutacane, Wonosobo, dan
Sidrap mempunyai aliran gen yang rendah dibandingkan populasi lainnya yang
kemungkinan disebabkan adanya isolasi geografik (misalnya pegunungan, jarak
antar populasi dan lautan). Konstruksi pohon filogeni N. virescens menunjukkan
bahwa gen COI lebih memberikan sinyal genetik dibandingkan gen COII dengan
terbentuk dua kelompok yaitu kelompok 1 Sundaland untuk daerah Sumatera,
Jawa, dan Bali dan kelompok 2 untuk daerah Sulawesi. Oleh karena itu, hasil
penelitian ini dapat menunjukkan bahwa runutan gen COI lebih efektif digunakan
sebagai penanda atau marka untuk identifikasi spesies N. virescens di masing -
masing daerah. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan untuk
menjelaskan jika terjadi sebaran haplotipe N. virescens dari daerah native tungro
ke daerah non-native
Karakterisasi Gen Odorant Receptor (OR) Parsial Serangga Penggerek Batang Padi Kuning Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker)
No full textYellow rice stem borer S. incertulas (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is an important insect causes the damage of the rice crop. The females of S. incertulas naturally release sex pheromones and then captured by pheromone binding protein (PBP) in the haemolymph of male antennaes; subsequently sent to the odorant receptor proteins located on the olfactory sensory neuron dendrites on the antennae sensillae membrane which detect the chemical stimuli. The aim of this study was to characterize the odorant receptor (OR) gene that mediates the chemical information systems on the mating behavior of S. incertulas. RNA was extracted from male and female imago antennaes collected from Karawang and from rearing in Indonesian Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (BB-BIOGEN). The OR gene amplification from cDNA was performed by standard PCR, touchdown PCR and nested-touchdown PCR. The characterization of partial OR gene of S. incertulas male successfully performed by using touchdown-nested PCR. The OR partial gene sequence of S. incertulas revealed 133 bp size was homolog to the OR gene sequence of Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) OnubOR7a (GenBank Accession No. AB597005.1). The homologous part showed that 133 bp sequence of S. incertulas was a candidate of OR genes that mediated the chemical information systems on the mating behavior of yellow rice stem borer. This study also successfully amplified beta-actin gene sequence 681 bp size from both male and female insects as the verification to the success of RNA extraction
. Biologi Penggerek Batang Jagung Ostrinia Furnacalis Guenée Yang Diberi Pakan Buatan
No full textOstrinia furnacalis merupakan serangga penggerek batang yang memanfaatkan tanaman jagung sebagai inang utamanya. Serangga O. furnacalis berkembang dalam suatu siklus hidup dengan metamorfosis sempurna (holometabola). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti beberapa aspek biologi O. furnacalis (siklus hidup, masa inkubasi telur, fertilitas telur, fekunditas betina, longivitas imago, waktu kawin) yang diberi pakan buatan yang telah dimodifikasi dari formula yang pernah dibuat sebelumnya. Siklus hidup O. furnacalis yang diberi pakan buatan secara keseluruhan berlangsung selama 27-34 hari. Fekunditas penggerek batang jagung betina yaitu sebanyak 16-452 telur dengan tingkat fertilitas sebesar 61,97% dan masa inkubasi 3-5 hari. Longivitas imago penggerek batang jagung ini adalah 6-11 hari, dan longivitas imago betina lebih tinggi dibandingkan imago jantan. Imago melakukan kopulasi pada umur 0-3 hari setelah keluar dari pupa dan terbanyak pada satu hari. Waktu imago berkopulasi yaitu pada jam ke-3 hingga jam ke-8 setelah fase gelap dimulai, dan tertinggi pada jam ke-5. Pakan buatan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk perbanyakan O. furnacalis. Stadia telur hingga pupa O. furnacalis yang diberikan pakan buatan berlangsung lebih singkat dibandingkan stadia telur hingga pupa yang diberikan pakan alami
Variasi Sensila pada Antena Ngengat Scirpophaga incertulas Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
No full textScirpophaga incertulas Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) moth infests paddy, therefore it is known as yellow rice stem borer. The antenna of moth S. incertulas serve as the olfactory organ. The pores in antennal sensilla allow the feromon pass to the inner side of the antenna. The aim of this research was to study the diversity of antennal sensilla from the male and female S. incertulas by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Goldplating method was applied for the purpose of coating process to increase the slide contrast. The antenna S. incertulas is filiform type and the antenna consists of three main parts, i.e. scape, pedicle, and flagellum. This study found that the S. incertulas male antenna has two types of sensila: trichodea sensilla (having three variations: TrI, TrII, and TrIII types) and bassiconica sensilla with two variations, BaII and BaIII types. Further in female antennal, the result of this study revelaed four types of sensilla: trichodea sensilla (TrI, TrII, and TRIII types), bassiconica sensilla (BaIII type), chaetica sensilla, and three variations of coeloconica sensilla (CoI, CoII, and CoIII types)
Kama Salah
No full textDewa Siwa ingin mengelilingi dunia bersama istrinya. Beliau naik diatas punggung Lembu Andini, terbang diangkasa. Setelah selesai mengelilingi Hutan/ daratan, lalu terbang di atas samudra.
Kebetulan waktu matahari terbenam, waktu senjakala, sinar matahari merah menyinari air samudra, menimbulkan pandangan indah di lautan. Dewa Siwa memandang keindahan samudra, bimbang ragu hatinya, bangkit asmaranya, karena sejak Weton Wisnu, jauh dari rindu asmara.
Sejak itulah baru bangkit keinginan untuk bersatu rasa dengan istrinya. Tetapi sayang Dewi Uma tidak menanggapinya, sebab rasa hati masih jauh untuk bersenggama. Namun Dewa Siwa berkeinginan keras, Dewi Uma dipegang, lalu dipangku & akan digaulinya. Dewi Uma menolak & berkata mengingatkan. Dikatakannya Dewa Siwa kurang sabar dan agak kasar seperti raksasa, berbuat disembarang tempat, di atas punggung lembu.
Dewi Uma mengharap agar Dewa Siwa lebih sabar, namun sumpah serapah Dewi Uma yang telah terucap bagaikan sumpah ampuh, sehingga seketika Sangyang Siwa bertaring seperti raksasa. Karena tak kuasa menahan gairah & timbul amarahnya, Kama (benih) Dewa Siwa terlanjur keluar dan tumpah di samudra, menggelegar suaranya.
Air samudra berdebur hebat, membual-bual seperti diaduk-aduk. Segera Beliau kembali ke Kahyangan. Air samudra masih hebat membual-bual, gegap gempita suaranya, menggemparkan para Dewa. Surga bagai diguncang, lalu disuruhnya para Dewa mencari penyebabnya. Setelah jelas, Para Dewa kembali melapor, bahwa yang menimbulkan huru-hara berasal dari dasar laut.
Mereka tidak dapat mendekat karena panas sinar seperti panas api. Dewa Siwa bersabda bahwa yang tampak bersinar itu disebut Kama Salah. Dan menyuruhnya untuk membinasakannya. Namun apa daya, mereka semua yang diperintahkan, tak sanggup membunuhnya.
Bahkan Para Dewa lari kocar- kacir..tunggang langgang dikarenakan kuatnya Kama Salah ini. Sampai akhir kata, Dewa Siwa memberi wejangan kepada Kama Salah bahwa ia adalah putera dari Dewa Siwa. Kemudian ia diberi nama Batara Kala dan lalu disuruhnya untuk memematahkan taring nya agar bisa diakui sepagai putra Dewa Siwa
ANALISIS MUTASI OFFICER TERHADAP KEGIATAN OPERASIONAL DI PERUSAHAAN PT. BAHTERA ENERGI SAMUDRA TUAH
Get PDFAgung Rio Pambudi, 2018, NIT: 51145492. K, “Mutation Officer Analysis Of
Operational Activities In The Company PT. Bahtera Energi Samudra Tuah
",Mini Thesis of Port and Shipping Departement, Diploma IV Program,
Merchant marine polytechnic semarang, Supervisor I: Sri Murdiwati, S.
Sos., M.Si Supervisor II: Dodik Widarbowo, M.T., M.M
PT. Bahtera Energi Samudra Tuah which is engaged in shipping
commercial vessels both domestically and abroad. Each activity must be supported
by good implementation so that the activities / programs can run smoothly.
However, the implementation of ship operations at PT. Bahtera Energi Samudra
Tuah is often disturbed by the occurrence of crew mutations that are not in
accordance with the schedule that has been determined by the company so that
there needs to be a problem solving or improvement in the crew transfer policy.
Therefore, it is necessary to analyze crew mutations to optimize company
objectives. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of officer mutations
that are not on schedule to the company's operational activities, to find out what
factors influence the mutation of officers that are not on schedule and to find out
what efforts PT. Bahtera energi samudra tuah is good to overcome delays in crew
mutations.
This study uses descriptive qualitative method by describing in detail the
implementation of officer mutations on the smooth operation of the ship's PT.
Bahtera energi samudra tuah. In addition, data collection was carried out by
interviewing, observing, literature literacy and the implementation of mutations of
ship officers at PT. Bahtera Energi Samudra Tuah.
The results of this study can be concluded, the influence of officer
mutations that are not on schedule to the operational activities of PT. Bahtera
energi samudra tuah is a cause of loss of time, cost, and a lack of chartered trust in
the company, as well as factors that influence the occurrence of officer mutations
namely, delays in salary payments, conflicts that occur between the crew, the crew
fled, as for the efforts made PT. Bahtera energi samudra tuah is the provision of
crew standby, timely crew placement, quality improvement of PT. Bahtera energi
samudra tuah and a more efficient crew recruitment process
Key Word: Analysis, Mutation Officer, Operationa
What Girls Are Made Of
No full textIntro -- Title Page -- Part I Unconditional -- Part II Eros and Thanatos -- Part III The Dissected Graces -- Part IV Conditions -- Author's Note -- Acknowledgments -- About the Author -- Back CoverDescription based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Veb pristupačnost i elektronskih formati za pristup informacijama za osobe sa invaliditetom
Get PDFAuthor described the context of the development of technological and social relationships and how they mutually made changes on ways how people interact with information and access to knowledge.
The development of societies changed significantly the role of libraries and posed new technological and other challenges due to the development of information technologies.
Since the development of information technologies caused expansion of production capacities in societies there was additional need to standardize production of formats of access, distribution, archiving of information. Due to democratic character of many developed societies openness of information and human rights emphasized an importance of legal aspects and rights of persons with disabilities. Author mentioned articles of the UN Convention of Rights of Persons with Disabilities which required that parties which ratified convention should implement accessibility standards for persons with disabilities. Author presented standards and technical specifications that define accessibility of web interface, computer software and file formats. It is especially emphasized that those standards are important in libraries. Modern libraries should adopt and use file formats which are accessible for persons with disabilities in order to avoid risk of increased discrimination against persons with disabilities if inaccessible technologies will be used. Author believes that this would help persons with disability to use library resources and services equally as other users do.
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Oriental enlightenment: the problematic military experiences and cultural claims of Count Maurice Auguste comte de Benyowsky in Formosa during 1771
No full textMaurice Benyowsky's colourful version of his global adventures during the heady, expansive days of the late-Enlightenment remains still as an historical account, and is perhaps destined for reification at a time of romantic, postmodernist cultural affirmation. Yet this paper argues that within it there lies a virile and possibly dangerous Orientalism, one at least partially based upon a lurid, opportunistic and self-seeking fabrication of his visit to Taiwan (Formosa) in the year 1771. This paper examines the veracity, provenance and historiography of the Benyowsky account of late-eighteenth century Formosa, both as an exercise in one facet of Taiwanese history and as some exploration of the origin and maintenance of European views of the "other" and of the "orient" as they were transforming during the late-Enlightenment period. Furthermore a principal task is to provide an historiographical analysis that illustrates both the initial reasons for the acceptance of Benyowsky's lurid account as well as the wider contexts of its long life as a seemingly reliable and authentic tale. Questions remain as to the cultural contexts of any general acceptance of otherwise doubtful stories, experiments, claims and "adventures". Here there is little doubt that the original Memoirs were given greater credence by Benyowsky's talent in self-fashioning his character and status as those of a reliable gentleman
World of made and unmade a poem
No full text""World of Made and Unmade is a deep blue yarn of very fine thread. We know much of poetry ever was and ever shall be elegiac. Jane Mead's poem could be neither more literal nor nearer the verge of appearing a little too perfect for this world. As the laundry room floods and the grape harvest gets done; as Michoacan waits for another time, her beautiful, practical mother is dying. Ashes are scattered in the pecan groves of her own Rincon, her own corner of the world, and the poet, in elementary script, draws a sustaining record of the only feeling worth the struggle, and she cannot, will not, does not fuck it up." -C.D. Wright Jane Mead's fifth collection candidly and openly explores the long process that is death. These resonant poems discover what it means to live, die, and come home again. We're drawn in by sorrow and grief, but also the joys of celebrating a long life and how simple it is to find laughter and light in the quietest and darkest of moments. … This year I have disappeared from the harvest routine- the pickers throwing their trays under the vines, grape hooks flying, the heavy bunches flying- pickers running to the running tractors with trays held high above their heads and the arc of dark fruit falling heavily into the half-ton bins. The hornets swarming in the diesel-filled air. Jane Mead is the author of four collections of poetry, most recently MONEY MONEY MONEY / WATER WATER WATER (2014). Her poems appear regularly in journals and anthologies, and she's the recipient of a Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship, a Whiting Writers Award, and a Lannan Foundation Completion Grant. She teaches at the low-residency MFA program at Drew University and farms in Northern California"..
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