18 research outputs found
Irregular meal and migraine headache: a scoping review
No full textAbstract Introduction Migraines are a type of headache, with certain types being more severe than others. The aim of this scoping review is to map the association between migraine headache and irregular meals, including skipping meals or missed diets and fasting. Methods The six-stages methodological framework of Arksey & O’Malley for scoping reviews was used. A protocol was registered on OSF on November 17, 2024 ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Z8C7M ) as OSF preregistration for Generalized Systematic Review Registration. Searches were made from the Cochrane Library, Research for Life, PQD Evidence, Global Index Medicus, Scopus, and MEDLINE databases. To make comprehensive searches, Google Scholar, Google, and grey literature sources, including databases of relevant organizations, were searched. Only studies published in English without a date limit were considered. Screening and data extraction were conducted by two groups of reviewers independently. Result Thirty-six studies were included in this review. It includes systematic reviews, randomized placebo-control trials, cohort studies, literature reviews, chart reviews, case control studies, case studies, and cross-sectional studies. Some studies found no clear link between meal omission and migraines, with mixed evidence on the role of dietary factors as triggers. But the majority of studies suggest that fasting and skipping meals, especially breakfast, can trigger migraines by reducing brain glucose levels and causing hypoglycemia, a known trigger. The timing of meals is crucial, as missed meals can provoke different types of migraines, including retinal and abdominal migraines. Moreover, irregular meal patterns, particularly in those with chronic migraines, are strong predictors of attacks. Consistent and balanced meals help to prevent migraines and manage symptoms. Conclusion While few studies show mixed evidence, the majority indicate that fasting or skipping meals can trigger migraines. Regular, balanced meals benefit preventing and managing migraines, as irregular meal patterns are predictors of migraine attacks. Moreover, some studies have low to moderate methodological quality, often lacking rigorous control groups and randomization. Thus, it is recommended to draw conclusions from interventional research having longitudinal research with better sample sizes
School feeding in Ethiopia: a Scoping Review (protocol)
No full textThis scoping study seeks to map the evidence relating to school feeding like coverage of school feeding, quality, nutritional impacts, funding issues, and its educational achievements among students in Ethiopia to inform policies, programs, future research, and offer insight related to school feeding in Ethiopia
School feeding in Ethiopia: a Scoping Review (protocol)
No full textThis scoping study seeks to map the evidence relating to school feeding like coverage of school feeding, quality, nutritional impacts, funding issues, and its educational achievements among students in Ethiopia to inform policies, programs, future research, and offer insight related to school feeding in Ethiopia
Burden and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Sub-Saharan African countries, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of disease study 2019
No full textBackground: Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has experienced a surge of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) over the past two decades. Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), in this study we have estimated the burden and attributable risk factors of COPD across SSA countries between 1990 and 2019. Methods: COPD burden and its attributable risk factors were estimated using data from the 2019 GBD. Percentage change was estimated to show the trend of COPD estimates from 1990 to 2019. COPD estimates attributable by risk factors were also reported to ascertain the risk factor that brings the greatest burden by sex and locations (at country and regions level). Findings: In 2019, all-age prevalent cases of COPD in SSA were estimated to be 10.3 million (95% Uncertainty Intervals (UI) 9.7 million to 10.9 million) showing an increase of 117% compared with the number of all-age COPD cases in 1990. From 1990 to 2019, SSA underwent an increased percentage change in all-age YLDs due to COPD ranging from 41% in Lesotho to 203% in Equatorial Guinea. The largest premature mortality due to COPD was reported from Central SSA accounting for 729 subjects (95% UI, 509-1078). The highest rate of DALYs attributable to COPD was observed in Lesotho. Household air pollution from solid fuel was the primary contributor of the age standardized YLDs, death rate, and DALYs rate per 100,000 population. Interpretation: The prevalence of COPD in SSA has had a steady increase over the past three decades and has progressively become a major public health burden across the region. Household air pollution from solid fuel is the primary contributor to COPD related burden, and its percentage contribution showed a similar trend to the reduction of COPD attributed age-standardized DALY rate. The methodological limitations of surveys and datapoints included in the GBD need to be considered when interpreting these associations. Funding: There are no specific fundings received for this study. The Global Burden of Disease study was supported by funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Progress in health among regions of Ethiopia, 1990-2019 : a subnational country analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textAbstract: Background Previous Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) studies have reported national health estimates for Ethiopia. Substantial regional variations in socioeconomic status, population, demography, and access to health care within Ethiopia require comparable estimates at the subnational level. The GBD 2019 Ethiopia subnational analysis aimed to measure the progress and disparities in health across nine regions and two chartered cities. Methods We gathered 1057 distinct data sources for Ethiopia and all regions and cities that included census, demographic surveillance, household surveys, disease registry, health service use, disease notifications, and other data for this analysis. Using all available data sources, we estimated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), total fertility rate (TFR), life expectancy, years of life lost, years lived with disability, disability-adjusted life-years, and risk-factor-attributable health loss with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for Ethiopia's nine regions and two chartered cities from 1990 to 2019. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, cause of death ensemble model, Bayesian meta-regression tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, and other models were used to generate fertility, mortality, cause of death, and disability rates. The risk factor attribution estimations followed the general framework established for comparative risk assessment. Findings The SDI steadily improved in all regions and cities from 1990 to 2019, yet the disparity between the highest and lowest SDI increased by 54% during that period. The TFR declined from 6.91 (95% UI 6.59-7.20) in 1990 to 4.43 (4.01-4.92) in 2019, but the magnitude of decline also varied substantially among regions and cities. In 2019, TFR ranged from 6.41 (5.96-6.86) in Somali to 1.50 (1.26-1.80) in Addis Ababa. Life expectancy improved in Ethiopia by 21.93 years (21.79-22.07), from 46.91 years (45.71-48.11) in 1990 to 68.84 years (67.51-70.18) in 2019. Addis Ababa had the highest life expectancy at 70.86 years (68.91-72.65) in 2019; Afar and Benishangul-Gumuz had the lowest at 63.74 years (61.53-66.01) for Afar and 64.28 (61.99-66.63) for Benishangul-Gumuz. The overall increases in life expectancy were driven by declines in under-5 mortality and mortality from common infectious diseases, nutritional deficiency, and war and conflict. In 2019, the age-standardised all-cause death rate was the highest in Afar at 1353.38 per 100 000 population (1195.69-1526.19). The leading causes of premature mortality for all sexes in Ethiopia in 2019 were neonatal disorders, diarrhoeal diseases, lower respiratory infections, tuberculosis, stroke, HIV/AIDS, ischaemic heart disease, cirrhosis, congenital defects, and diabetes. With high SDIs and life expectancy for all sexes, Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa, and Harari had low rates of premature mortality from the five leading causes, whereas regions with low SDIs and life expectancy for all sexes (Afar and Somali) had high rates of premature mortality from the leading causes. In 2019, child and maternal malnutrition; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; air pollution; high systolic blood pressure; alcohol use; and high fasting plasma glucose were the leading risk factors for health loss across regions and cities. Interpretation There were substantial improvements in health over the past three decades across regions and chartered cities in Ethiopia. However, the progress, measured in SDI, life expectancy, TFR, premature mortality, disability, and risk factors, was not uniform. Federal and regional health policy makers should match strategies, resources, and interventions to disease burden and risk factors across regions and cities to achieve national and regional plans, Sustainable Development Goals, and universal health coverage targets. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd
Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textBackground Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods 22¿223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30¿763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31¿642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, and other data sources. Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 was determined by subtracting observed all-cause mortality (adjusted for late registration and mortality anomalies) from the mortality expected in the absence of the pandemic. Expected mortality was calculated based on historical trends using an ensemble of models. In location-years where all-cause mortality data were unavailable, we estimated excess mortality rates using a regression model with covariates pertaining to the pandemic. Population size was computed using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model. Life expectancy was calculated using age-specific mortality rates and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution.Research reported in this publication was supported by the Gates Foundation, UK Department of Health and Social Care, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, and the New Zealand Ministry of Health. The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics granted the researchers access to relevant data in accordance with license no. SLN2019-8-64 and SLN2014-3-170, after subjecting data to processing aiming to preserve the confidentiality of individual data in accordance with the General Statistics Law-2000.Peer ReviewedArticle signat per 1836 autors/es: Austin E Schumacher, Hmwe Hmwe Kyu, Amirali Aali, Cristiana Abbafati, Jaffar Abbas, Rouzbeh Abbasgholizadeh, Madineh Akram Abbasi, Mohammadreza Abbasian, Samar Abd ElHafeez, Michael Abdelmasseh, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Ahmed Abdelwahab, Mohammad Abdollahi, Meriem Abdoun, Auwal Abdullahi, Ame Mehadi Abdurehman, Mesfin Abebe, Aidin Abedi, Armita Abedi, Tadesse M Abegaz, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga, E S Abhilash, Olugbenga Olusola Abiodun, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Mohamed Abouzid, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Woldu Aberhe Abrha, Michael R M Abrigo, Dariush Abtahi, Samir Abu Rumeileh, Niveen ME Abu-Rmeileh, Salahdein Aburuz, Ahmed Abu-Zaid, Juan Manuel Acuna, Tim Adair, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Oladimeji M Adebayo, Oyelola A Adegboye, Victor Adekanmbi, Bashir Aden, Abiola Victor Adepoju, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa, Olorunsola Israel Adeyomoye, Rishan Adha, Amin Adibi, Wirawan Adikusuma, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Saryia Adra, Abel Afework, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi, Ali Afraz, Shadi Afyouni, Saira Afzal, Pradyumna Agasthi, Shahin Aghamiri, Antonella Agodi, Williams Agyemang-Duah, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Firdos Ahmad, Muayyad M Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Keivan Ahmadi, Amir Mahmoud Ahmadzade, Mohadese Ahmadzade, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Luai A Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Syed Anees Ahmed, Marjan Ajami, Budi Aji, Olufemi Ajumobi, Gizachew Taddesse Akalu, Essona Matatom Akara, Karolina Akinosoglou, Sreelatha Akkala, Samuel Akyirem, Hanadi Al Hamad, Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan, Ammar Al Homsi, Mohammad Al Qadire, Moein Ala, Timothy Olukunle Aladelusi, Tareq Mohammed Ali AL-Ahdal, Samer O Alalalmeh, Ziyad Al-Aly, Khurshid Alam, Manjurul Alam, Zufishan Alam, Rasmieh Mustafa Al-amer, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M Alanzi, Mohammed Albashtawy, Mohammad T AlBataineh, Robert W Aldridge, Sharifullah Alemi, Ayman Al-Eyadhy, Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi, Khalid F Alhabib, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa, Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi, Abid Ali, Akhtar Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Hassam Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Rafat Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait Ali, Zahid Ali, Shohreh Alian Samakkhah, Gianfranco Alicandro, Sheikh Mohammad Alif, Mohammad Aligol, Rasoul Alimi, Ahmednur Adem Aliyi, Adel Al-Jumaily, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Wael Almahmeed, Sabah Al-Marwani, Sadeq Ali Ali Al-Maweri, Joseph Uy Almazan, Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi, Omar Almidani, Mahmoud A Alomari, Nivaldo Alonso, Jaber S Alqahtani, Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi, Salman Khalifah Al-Sabah, Awais Altaf, Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq, Khalid A Altirkawi, Farrukh Jawad Alvi, Hassan Alwafi, Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi, Hany Aly, Karem H Alzoubi, Azmeraw T Amare, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Abebe Feyissa Amhare, Tarek Tawfik Amin, Alireza Amindarolzarbi, Javad Aminian Dehkordi, Sohrab Amiri, Hubert Amu, Dickson A Amugsi, Jimoh Amzat, Robert Ancuceanu, Deanna Anderlini, Pedro Prata Andrade, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Dhanalakshmi Angappan, Abhishek Anil, Afifa Anjum, Catherine M Antony, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Iyadunni Adesola Anuoluwa, Sumadi Lukman Anwar, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Muhammad Aqeel, Jalal Arabloo, Razman Arabzadeh Bahri, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Mosab Arafat, Ana Margarida Araújo, Aleksandr Y Aravkin, Abdulfatai Aremu, Hany Ariffin, Timur Aripov, Benedetta Armocida, Mahwish Arooj, Anton A Artamonov, Kurnia Dwi Artanti, Judie Arulappan, Idowu Thomas Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Aruleba, Ashokan Arumugam, Malke Asaad, Saeed Asgary, Mubarek Yesse Ashemo, Muhammad Ashraf, Marvellous O Asika, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Maha Moh’d Wahbi Atout, Alok Atreya, Sameh Attia, Avinash Aujayeb, Abolfazl Avan, Adedapo Wasiu Awotidebe, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Getnet Melaku Ayele, Jose L Ayuso-Mateos, Seyed Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh, Sina Azadnajafabad, Gulrez Shah Azhar, Shahkaar Aziz, Ahmed Y Azzam, Mina Babashahi, Abraham Samuel Babu, Muhammad Badar, Alaa Badawi, Ashish D Badiye, Soroush Baghdadi, Nasser Bagheri, Sara Bagherieh, Sulaiman Bah, Saeed Bahadorikhalili, Jianjun Bai, Ruhai Bai, Jennifer L Baker, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Abdulaziz T Bako, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Saliu A Balogun, Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu, Kiran Bam, Maciej Banach, Soham Bandyopadhyay, Biswajit Banik, Palash Chandra Banik, Hansi Bansal, Shirin Barati, Martina Barchitta, Mainak Bardhan, Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Hiba Jawdat Barqawi, Ronald D Barr, Lope H Barrero, Zarrin Basharat, Asma’u I J Bashir, Hameed Akande Bashiru, Pritish Baskaran, Buddha Basnyat, Quique Bassat, João Diogo Basso, Saurav Basu, Kavita Batra, Ravi Batra, Bernhard T Baune, Mohsen Bayati, Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn, Thomas Beaney, Neeraj Bedi, Tahmina Begum, Emad Behboudi, Amir Hossein Behnoush, Maryam Beiranvand, Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramirez, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, Michelle L Bell, Aminu K Bello, Muhammad Bashir Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Bello, Luis Belo, Apostolos Beloukas, Salaheddine Bendak, Derrick A Bennett, Isabela M Bensenor, Habib Benzian, Zombor Berezvai, Adam E Berman, Amiel Nazer C Bermudez, Paulo J G Bettencourt, Habtamu B Beyene, Kebede A Beyene, Devidas S Bhagat, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Neeraj Bhala, Ashish Bhalla, Dinesh Bhandari, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Prarthna V Bhardwaj, Ashish Bhargava, Sonu Bhaskar, Vivek Bhat, Gurjit Kaur Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti, Manpreet S Bhatti, Rajbir Bhatti, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Boris Bikbov, Nada Binmadi, Bagas Suryo Bintoro, Antonio Biondi, Catherine Bisignano, Francesca Bisulli, Atanu Biswas, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Saeid Bitaraf, Tone Bjørge, Archie Bleyer, Mary Sefa Boampong, Virginia Bodolica, Aadam Olalekan Bodunrin, Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa, Milad Bonakdar Hashemi, Aime Bonny, Kaustubh Bora, Berrak Bora Basara, Safiya Bala Borodo, Rohan Borschmann, Alejandro Botero Carvajal, Souad Bouaoud, Sofiane Boudalia, Edward J Boyko, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Dejana Braithwaite, Hermann Brenner, Gabrielle Britton, Annie J Browne, Andre R Brunoni, Norma B Bulamu, Lemma N Bulto, Danilo Buonsenso, Katrin Burkart, Richard A Burns, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Reinhard Busse, Yasser Bustanji, Zahid A Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Tianji Cai, Daniela Calina, Luis Alberto Cámera, Luciana Aparecida Campos, Ismael R Campos-Nonato, Chao Cao, Carlos Alberto Cardenas, Rosario Cárdenas, Sinclair Carr, Giulia Carreras, Juan J Carrero, Andrea Carugno, Felix Carvalho, Márcia Carvalho, Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Giulio Castelpietra, Ferrán Catalá-López, Alberico L Catapano, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza, Arthur Caye, Christopher R Cederroth, Francieli Cembranel, Muthia Cenderadewi, Kelly M Cercy, Ester Cerin, Muge Cevik, Pamela R Uscamaita Chacón-Uscamaita, Yaacoub Chahine, Chiranjib Chakraborty, Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan, Chin-Kuo Chang, Periklis Charalampous, Jaykaran Charan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Victoria Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, Malizgani Paul Chavula, Huzaifa Ahmad Cheema, An-Tian Chen, Haowei Chen, Lingxiao Chen, Meng Xuan Chen, Simiao Chen, Nicolas Cherbuin, Derek S Chew, Gerald Chi, Jesus Lorenzo Chirinos-Caceres, Abdulaal Chitheer, So Mi Jemma Cho, William C S Cho, Bryan Chong, Hitesh Chopra, Rahul Choudhary, Rajiv Chowdhury, Dinh-Toi Chu, Isaac Sunday Chukwu, Eric Chung, Eunice Chung, Sheng-Chia Chung, Karly I Cini, Cain C T Clark, Kaleb Coberly, Alyssa Columbus, Haley Comfort, Joao Conde, Sara Conti, Paolo Angelo Cortesi, Vera Marisa Costa, Ewerton Cousin, Richard G Cowden, Michael H Criqui, Natália Cruz-Martins, Garland T Culbreth, Patricia Cullen, Matthew Cunningham, Daniel da Silva e Silva, Sriharsha Dadana, Omid Dadras, Zhaoli Dai, Koustuv Dalal, Lachlan L Dalli, Giovanni Damiani, Emanuele D’Amico, Sara Daneshvar, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Jai K Das, Saswati Das, Nihar Ranjan Dash, Mohsen Dashti, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Nicole Davis Weaver, Kairat Davletov, Diego De Leo, Aklilu Tamire Debele, Louisa Degenhardt, Reza Dehbandi, Lee Deitesfeld, Ivan Delgado-Enciso, Laura Delgado-Ortiz, Daniel Demant, Berecha Hundessa Demessa, Andreas K Demetriades, Xinlei Deng, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Kebede Deribe, Nikolaos Dervenis, Don C Des Jarlais, Hardik Dineshbhai Desai, Rupak Desai, Keshab Deuba, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu, Sourav Dey, Arkadeep Dhali, Kuldeep Dhama, Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal, Meghnath Dhimal, Sameer Dhingra, Diana Dias da Silva, Daniel Diaz, Adriana Dima, Delaney D Ding, M Ashworth Dirac, Abhinav Dixit, Shilpi Gupta Dixit, Thanh Chi Do, Thao Huynh Phuong Do, Camila Bruneli do Prado, Masoud Dodangeh, Klara Georgieva Dokova, Christiane Dolecek, E Ray Dorsey, Wendel Mombaque dos Santos, Rajkumar Doshi, Leila Doshmangir, Abdel Douiri, Robert Kokou Dowou, Tim Robert Driscoll, Haneil Larson Dsouza, John Dube, Samuel C Dumith, Susanna J Dunachie, Bruce B Duncan, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Senbagam Duraisamy, Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye, Sulagna Dutta, Paulina Agnieszka Dzianach, Arkadiusz Marian Dziedzic, Oluwakemi Ebenezer, Ejemai Eboreime, Alireza Ebrahimi, Chidiebere Peter Echieh, Abdelaziz Ed-Dra, Hisham Atan Edinur, David Edvardsson, Kristina Edvardsson, Defi Efendi, Ferry Efendi, Shayan Eghdami, Terje Andreas Eikemo, Ebrahim Eini, Michael Ekholuenetale, Emmanuel Ekpor, Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo, Rabie Adel El Arab, Doaa Abdel Wahab El Morsi, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Maha El Tantawi, Iffat Elbarazi, Noha Mousaad Elemam, Frank J Elgar, Islam Y Elgendy, Ghada Metwally Tawfik ElGohary, Hala Rashad Elhabashy, Muhammed Elhadi, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou Elmeligy, Mohammed Elshaer, Ibrahim Elsohaby, Amir Emami Zeydi, Mehdi Emamverdi, Theophilus I Emeto, Luchuo Engelbert Bain, Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar, Tesfahun C Eshetie, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Juan Espinosa-Montero, Kara Estep, Farshid Etaee, Ugochukwu Anthony Eze, Natalia Fabin, Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Saman Fahimi, Luca Falzone, Carla Sofia e Sá Farinha, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud Faris, Mohsen Farjoud Kouhanjani, Andre Faro, Hossein Farrokhpour, Ali Fatehizadeh, Hamed Fattahi, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Pooria Fazeli, Valery L Feigin, Ginenus Fekadu, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Abdullah Hamid Feroze, Daniela Ferrante, Pietro Ferrara, Nuno Ferreira, Getahun Fetensa, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Joanne Flavel, Abraham D Flaxman, Luisa S Flor, Bobirca Teodor Florin, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Kristen Marie Foley, Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov, Lisa M Force, Carla Fornari, Behzad Foroutan, Matteo Foschi, Kate Louise Francis, Richard Charles Franklin, Alberto Freitas, Joseph Friedman, Sara D Friedman, Takeshi Fukumoto, John E Fuller, Peter Andras Gaal, Muktar A Gadanya, Santosh Gaihre, Abduzhappar Gaipov, Emmanuela Gakidou, Yaseen Galali, Nasrin Galehdar, Silvano Gallus, Quan Gan, Aravind P Gandhi, Balasankar Ganesan, Jalaj Garg, Shuo-Yan Gau, Prem Gautam, Rupesh K Gautam, Federica Gazzelloni, Miglas W Gebregergis, Mesfin Gebrehiwot, Tesfay Brhane Gebremariam, Urge Gerema, Motuma Erena Getachew, Tamirat Getachew, Peter W Gething, Mansour Ghafourifard, Sulmaz Ghahramani, Khalid Yaser Ghailan, Alireza Ghajar, Mohammad Javad Ghanbarnia, MohammadReza Ghasemi, Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh, Fariba Ghassemi, Ramy Mohamed Ghazy, Sailaja Ghimire, Asadollah Gholamian, Ali Gholamrezanezhad, Pooyan Ghorbani Vajargah, Ghozali Ghozali, Sherief Ghozy, Arun Digambarrao Ghuge, Alessandro Gialluisi, Ruth Margaret Gibson, Artyom Urievich Gil, Paramjit Singh Gill, Tiffany K Gill, Richard F Gillum, Themba G Ginindza, Alem Girmay, James C Glasbey, Elena V Gnedovskaya, Laszlo Göbölös, Amit Goel, Mohamad Goldust, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Arefeh Golestanfar, Davide Golinelli, Philimon N Gona, Houman Goudarzi, Amir Hossein Goudarzian, Anmol Goyal, Scott Greenhalgh, Michal Grivna, Giovanni Guarducci, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Mesay Dechasa Gudeta, Avirup Guha, Stefano Guicciardi, Damitha Asanga Gunawardane, Sasidhar Gunturu, Cui Guo, Anish Kumar Gupta, Bhawna Gupta, Indarchand Ratanlal Gupta, Rajat Das Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Reyna Alma Gutiérrez, Farrokh Habibzadeh, Parham Habibzadeh, Vladimir Hachinski, Mohammad Haddadi, Rasool Haddadi, Nils Haep, Adel Hajj Ali, Esam S Halboub, Sobia Ahsan Halim, Brian J Hall, Sebastian Haller, Rabih Halwani, Randah R Hamadeh, Kanaan Hamagharib Abdullah, Samer Hamidi, Mohammad Hamiduzzaman, Ahmad Hammoud, Nasrin Hanifi, Graeme J Hankey, Md Abdul Hannan, Md Nuruzzaman Haque, Harapan Harapan, Josep Maria Haro, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Faizul Hasan, Ikramul Hasan, M Tasdik Hasan, Hamidreza Hasani, Mohammad Hasanian, Ali Hasanpour- Dehkordi, Abbas M Hassan, Amr Hassan, Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam, Soheil Hassanipour, Johannes Haubold, Rasmus J Havmoeller, Simon I Hay, Youssef Hbid, Jeffrey J Hebert, Omar E Hegazi, Golnaz Heidari, Mohammad Heidari, Mahsa Heidari-Foroozan, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Bartosz Helfer, Claudiu Herteliu, Hamed Hesami, Dineshani Hettiarachchi, Demisu Zenbaba Heyi, Kamal Hezam, Yuta Hiraike, Howard J Hoffman, Ramesh Holla, Nobuyuki Horita, Md Belal Hossain, Md Mahbub Hossain, Sahadat Hossain, Mohammad-Salar Hosseini, Hassan Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Mohamed Hsairi, Vivian Chia-rong Hsieh, Chengxi Hu, Junjie Huang, Md Nazmul Huda, Fernando N Hugo, Michael Hultström, Javid Hussain, Salman Hussain, Nawfal R Hussein, Le Duc Huy, Hong-Han Huynh, Bing-Fang Hwang, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Oluwatope Olaniyi Idowu, Desta Ijo, Kevin S Ikuta, Mehran Ilaghi, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Mustapha Immurana, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Arnaud Iradukunda, Farideh Iravanpour, Kenneth Chukwuemeka Iregbu, Md Rabiul Islam, Mohammad Mainul Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Farhad Islami, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Gaetano Isola, Masao Iwagami, Chidozie C D Iwu, Chinwe Juliana Iwu-Jaja, Mahalaxmi Iyer, Linda Merin J, Jalil Jaafari, Louis Jacob, Kathryn H Jacobsen, Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh, Morteza Jafarinia, Khushleen Jaggi, Kasra Jahankhani, Nader Jahanmehr, Haitham Jahrami, Akhil Jain, Nityanand Jain, Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Reza Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, Elham Jamshidi, Chinmay T Jani, Mark M Janko, Abubakar Ibrahim Jatau, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Shubha Jayaram, Jayakumar Jeganathan, Alelign Tasew Jema, Digisie Mequanint Jemere, Wonjeong Jeong, Anil K Jha, Ravi Prakash Jha, John S Ji, Heng Jiang, Yingzhao Jin, Yinzi Jin, Olatunji Johnson, Nabi Jomehzadeh, Darwin Phan Jones, Tamas Joo, Abel Joseph, Nitin Joseph, Charity Ehimwenma Joshua, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Billingsley Kaambwa, Ali Kabir, Hannaneh Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Vidya Kadashetti, Farima Kahe, Pradnya Vishal Kakodkar, Rizwan Kalani, Leila R Kalankesh, Feroze Kaliyadan, Sanjay Kalra, Ashwin Kamath, Arun Kamireddy, Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai, Himal Kandel, Edmund Wedam Kanmiki, Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi, Rami S Kantar, Neeti Kapoor, Mehrdad Karajizadeh, Behzad Karami Matin, Shama D Karanth, Ibraheem M Karaye, Asima Karim, Hanie Karimi, Salah Eddin Karimi, Arman Karimi Behnagh, Samad Karkhah, Ajit K Karna, Faizan Zaffar Kashoo, Hengameh Kasraei, Nigussie Assefa Kassaw, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Molly B Kassel, Adarsh Katamreddy, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Patrick DMC Katoto, Joonas H Kauppila, Navjot Kaur, Neda Kaydi, Jeanne Françoise Kayibanda, Gbenga A Kayode, Foad Kazemi, Sina Kazemian, Sara Kazeminia, Leila Keikavoosi-Arani, Cathleen Keller, John H Kempen, Jessica A Kerr, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Mohammad Keykhaei, Mohamad Mehdi Khadembashiri, Mohammad Amin Khadembashiri, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Himanshu Khajuria, Mohammad Khalafi, Amirmohammad Khalaji, Nauman Khalid, Ibrahim A Khalil, Faham Khamesipour, Asaduzzaman Khan, Gulfaraz Khan, Ikramullah Khan, Imteyaz A Khan, Maseer Khan, Moien AB Khan, Taimoor Khan, Mahammed Ziauddin Khan suheb, Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi, Khaled Khatab, Fatemeh Khatami, Armin Khavandegar, Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani, Khalid A Kheirallah, Feriha Fatima Khidri, Elaheh Khodadoust, Moein Khormali, Mahmood Khosrowjerdi, Jagdish Khubchandani, Helda Khusun, Zemene Demelash Kifle, Grace Kim, Jihee Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Kasey E Kinzel, Girmay Tsegay Kiross, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Juniper Boroka Kiss, Mika Kivimäki, Desmond Klu, Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Farzad Kompani, Gerbrand Koren, Soewarta Kosen, Karel Kostev, Ashwin Laxmikant Kotnis, Parvaiz A Koul, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Ai Koyanagi, Michael A Kravchenko, Kewal Krishan, Hare Krishna, Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy, Kris J Krohn, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Connor M Kubeisy, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Md Abdul Kuddus, Mohammed Kuddus, Ilari Kuitunen, Omar Kujan, Mukhtar Kulimbet, Vishnutheertha Kulkarni, Ashish Kumar, Harish Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Rahul Kumar, Shiv Kumar, Madhulata Kumari, Almagul Kurmanova, Om P Kurmi, Asep Kusnali, Dian Kusuma, Tezer Kutluk, Ambily Kuttikkattu, Evans F Kyei, Ilias Kyriopoulos, Carlo La Vecchia, Muhammad Awwal Ladan, Lucie Laflamme, Chandrakant Lahariya, Abdelilah Lahmar, Daphne Teck Ching Lai, Tri Laksono, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Ratilal Lalloo, Tea Lallukka, Judit Lám, Demetris Lamnisos, Tuo Lan, Francesco Lanfranchi, Berthold Langguth, Van Charles Lansingh, Ariane Laplante-Lévesque, Bagher Larijani, Anders O Larsson, Savita Lasrado, Kamaluddin Latief, Mahrukh Latif, Kaveh Latifinaibin, Paolo Lauriola, Long Khanh Dao Le, Nhi Huu Hanh Le, Thao Thi Thu Le, Trang Diep Thanh Le, Munjae Lee, Paul H Lee, Sang-woong Lee, Seung Won Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Yo Han Lee, Samson Mideksa Legesse, James Leigh, Jacopo Lenzi, Elvynna Leong, Temesgen L Lerango, Ming-Chieh Li, Wei Li, Xiaopan Li, Yichong Li, Zhihui Li, Massimo Libra, Virendra S Ligade, Andrew Tiyamike Makhiringa Likaka, Lee-Ling Lim, Ro-Ting Lin, Shuzhi Lin, Vasileios-Arsenios Lioutas, Stefan Listl, Jue Liu, Simin Liu, Xiaofeng Liu, Katherine M Livingstone, Erand Llanaj, Chun-Han Lo, Arianna Maever Loreche, László Lorenzovici, Mojgan Lotfi, Masoud Lotfizadeh, Rafael Lozano, Jailos Lubinda, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Alessandra Lugo, Raimundas Lunevicius, Jianing Ma, Stefan Ma, Zheng Feei Ma, Mahmoud Mabrok, Nikolaos Machairas, Monika Machoy, Christian Madsen, Javier A Magaña Gómez, Azzam A Maghazachi, Sandeep B Maharaj, Preeti Maharjan, Soleiman Mahjoub, Mansour Adam Mahmoud, Elham Mahmoudi, Morteza Mahmoudi, Omar Mohamed Makram, Jeadran N Malagón-Rojas, Elaheh Malakan Rad, Reza Malekzadeh, Armaan K Malhotra, Kashish Malho
Global burden of chronic respiratory diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019: an update from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textBackground: Updated data on chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are vital in their prevention, control, and treatment in the path to achieving the third UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a one-third reduction in premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by 2030. We provided global, regional, and national estimates of the burden of CRDs and their attributable risks from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we estimated mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), prevalence, and incidence of CRDs, i.e. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumoconiosis, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis, and other CRDs, from 1990 to 2019 by sex, age, region, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) in 204 countries and territories. Deaths and DALYs from CRDs attributable to each risk factor were estimated according to relative risks, risk exposure, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level input. Findings: In 2019, CRDs were the third leading cause of death responsible for 4.0 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 3.6–4.3) with a prevalence of 454.6 million cases (417.4–499.1) globally. While the total deaths and prevalence of CRDs have increased by 28.5% and 39.8%, the age-standardised rates have dropped by 41.7% and 16.9% from 1990 to 2019, respectively. COPD, with 212.3 million (200.4–225.1) prevalent cases, was the primary cause of deaths from CRDs, accounting for 3.3 million (2.9–3.6) deaths. With 262.4 million (224.1–309.5) prevalent cases, asthma had the highest prevalence among CRDs. The age-standardised rates of all burden measures of COPD, asthma, and pneumoconiosis have reduced globally from 1990 to 2019. Nevertheless, the age-standardised rates of incidence and prevalence of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis have increased throughout this period. Low- and low-middle SDI countries had the highest age-standardised death and DALYs rates while the high SDI quintile had the highest prevalence rate of CRDs. The highest deaths and DALYs from CRDs were attributed to smoking globally, followed by air pollution and occupational risks. Non-optimal temperature and high body-mass index were additional risk factors for COPD and asthma, respectively. Interpretation: Albeit the age-standardised prevalence, death, and DALYs rates of CRDs have decreased, they still cause a substantial burden and deaths worldwide. The high death and DALYs rates in low and low-middle SDI countries highlights the urgent need for improved preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures. Global strategies for tobacco control, enhancing air quality, reducing occupational hazards, and fostering clean cooking fuels are crucial steps in reducing the burden of CRDs, especially in low- and lower-middle income countries
Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textBackground: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. Methods: Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined; these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims; type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative risk assessment framework to estimate the risk-attributable type 2 diabetes burden for 16 risk factors falling under risk categories including environmental and occupational factors, tobacco use, high alcohol use, high body-mass index (BMI), dietary factors, and low physical activity. Using a regression framework, we forecast type 1 and type 2 diabetes prevalence through 2050 with Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and high BMI as predictors, respectively. Findings: In 2021, there were 529 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 500-564) people living with diabetes worldwide, and the global age-standardised total diabetes prevalence was 6·1% (5·8-6·5). At the super-region level, the highest age-standardised rates were observed in north Africa and the Middle East (9·3% [8·7-9·9]) and, at the regional level, in Oceania (12·3% [11·5-13·0]). Nationally, Qatar had the world's highest age-specific prevalence of diabetes, at 76·1% (73·1-79·5) in individuals aged 75-79 years. Total diabetes prevalence-especially among older adults-primarily reflects type 2 diabetes, which in 2021 accounted for 96·0% (95·1-96·8) of diabetes cases and 95·4% (94·9-95·9) of diabetes DALYs worldwide. In 2021, 52·2% (25·5-71·8) of global type 2 diabetes DALYs were attributable to high BMI. The contribution of high BMI to type 2 diabetes DALYs rose by 24·3% (18·5-30·4) worldwide between 1990 and 2021. By 2050, more than 1·31 billion (1·22-1·39) people are projected to have diabetes, with expected age-standardised total diabetes prevalence rates greater than 10% in two super-regions: 16·8% (16·1-17·6) in north Africa and the Middle East and 11·3% (10·8-11·9) in Latin America and Caribbean. By 2050, 89 (43·6%) of 204 countries and territories will have an age-standardised rate greater than 10%. Interpretation: Diabetes remains a substantial public health issue. Type 2 diabetes, which makes up the bulk of diabetes cases, is largely preventable and, in some cases, potentially reversible if identified and managed early in the disease course. However, all evidence indicates that diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, primarily due to a rise in obesity caused by multiple factors. Preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes remains an ongoing challenge. It is essential to better understand disparities in risk factor profiles and diabetes burden across populations, to inform strategies to successfully control diabetes risk factors within the context of multiple and complex drivers. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Global, regional, and national burden of neck pain, 1990–2020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textBackgroundNeck pain is a highly prevalent condition that leads to considerable pain, disability, and economic cost. We present the most current estimates of neck pain prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) by age, sex, and location, with forecasted prevalence to 2050. MethodsSystematic reviews identified population-representative surveys used to estimate the prevalence of and YLDs from neck pain in 204 countries and territories, spanning from 1990 to 2020, with additional data from opportunistic review. Medical claims data from Taiwan (province of China) were also included. Input data were pooled using DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool. Prevalence was forecast to 2050 using a mixed-effects model using Socio-demographic Index as a predictor and multiplying by projected population estimates. We present 95% UIs for every metric based on the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of 100 draws of the posterior distribution. FindingsGlobally, in 2020, neck pain affected 203 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 163–253) people. The global age-standardised prevalence rate of neck pain was estimated to be 2450 (1960–3040) per 100 000 population and global age-standardised YLD rate was estimated to be 244 (165–346) per 100 000. The age-standardised prevalence rate remained stable between 1990 and 2020 (percentage change 0·2% [–1·3 to 1·7]). Globally, females had a higher age-standardised prevalence rate (2890 [2330–3620] per 100 000) than males (2000 [1600–2480] per 100 000), with the prevalence peaking between 45 years and 74 years in male and female sexes. By 2050, the estimated global number of neck pain cases is projected to be 269 million (219–322), with an increase of 32·5% (23·9–42·3) from 2020 to 2050. Decomposition analysis of the projections showed population growth was the primary contributing factor, followed by population ageing. InterpretationAlthough age-standardised rates of neck pain have remained stable over the past three decades, by 2050 the projected case numbers are expected to rise. With the highest prevalence in older adults (higher in females than males), a larger effect expected in low-income and middle-income countries, and a rapidly ageing global population, neck pain continues to pose a challenge in terms of disability burden worldwide. For future planning, it is essential we improve our mechanistic understanding of the different causes and risk factors for neck pain and prioritise the consistent collection of global neck pain data and increase the number of countries with data on neck pain. FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health
Adolescent transport and unintentional injuries: a systematic analysis using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textGlobally, transport and unintentional injuries persist as leading preventable causes of mortality and morbidity for adolescents. We sought to report comprehensive trends in injury-related mortality and morbidity for adolescents aged 10-24 years during the past three decades
