227 research outputs found
Adapting authoritarianism: institutions and co-optation in Egypt and Syria
No full textThis PhD thesis compares Egypt and Syria’s authoritarian political systems. While the tendency in social science political research treats Egypt and Syria as similarly authoritarian, this research emphasizes differences between the two systems with special reference to institutions and co-optation. Rather than reducibly understanding Egypt and Syria as sharing similar histories, institutional arrangements, or ascribing to the oft-repeated convention that “Syria is Egypt but 10 years behind,” this thesis focuses on how events and individual histories shaped each states current institutional strengthens and weaknesses. Specifically, it explains the how varying institutional politicization or de-politicization affects each state’s capabilities for co-opting elite and non-elite individuals.
Beginning with a theoretical framework that considers the limited utility of democratization and transition theoretical approaches, the work underscores the persistence and durability of authoritarianism. Chapter two details the politicized institutional divergence between Egypt and Syria that began in the 1970s. Chapter three and four examines how institutional politicization or de-politicization affects elite and non-elite individual co-optation in Egypt and Syria. Chapter five discusses the study’s general conclusions and theoretical implications.
This thesis’s argument is that Egypt and Syria co-opt elites and non-elites differently because of the varying degrees of institutional politicization in each governance system. Rather than view one country as more politically developed than the other, this work argues that Syria’s political institutions are more politicized than their Egyptian counterparts. Syria’s political arena is, thus, described as politicized-patrimonialism. Syria’s politicized-patrimonial arena produces uneven co-optation of elites and non-elites as they are diffused through competing institutions. Conversely, the Egyptian political arena remains highly personalized as weak institutions and individuals are manipulated and molded according to the president’s ruling clique. This is referred to as personalized-patrimonialism. As a consequence, Egypt’s political establishment demonstrates more flexibility in ad hoc altering and adapting its arena depending on the emergence of crises.
This study’s theoretical implications suggest that, contrary to modernization and democratization theory’s adage that institutions lead to a political development, politicized institutions within a patrimonial order actually hinder regime adaptation because consensus is harder to achieve and maintain. It is within this context that Egypt’s de-politicized institutional framework advantages its top political elite. In this reading of Egyptian and Syrian politics, Egypt’s personalized political arena is more adaptable than Syria’s. These conclusions do not indicate that political reform is a process underway in either state
Report on Saif Al-Islam bin Saud bin Abdul Aziz
No full textتقريرإيمان رافع حول ندوة في معرض القاهرة الدولي للكتاب وقيام عدد من المثقفين بمنافشه كتاب السعودي سيف الاسلام بن سعود بن عبد العزيز الذي يحمل عنوان "تنهيدة العربي الاخيرة" .A report by Iman Rafi about a symposium at the Cairo International Book Fair, and the discussion of a number of intellectuals with the Saudi author Saif al-Islam bin Saud bin Abdul Aziz's book, which is titled "The Last Arab Sigh"
Consigue un empleo, trabaja de manera segura
No full textThis archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Title from PDF caption (viewed on March 11, 2015)."SAIF Corporation 4/10."Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in Spanish
گلزار نسیم" کے تنقیدی سرمائے کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ"
No full textGulzar-e-Naseem by Pandat Daya Shankar Naseem Lakhnavi carries a perfect and perpetual status in Urdu literature. It possesses the exquisiteness of Arabic, Persian, Hindi and Islamic traditions simultaneously. The critique of Gulzar-e-Naseem is an embodiment of diversity, interestingness and learnedness where the critique from every category of taste and standard is available. This article aims at analyzing the critique on Gulzar-e-Naseem with reference to emotional, aesthetical, social, psychological, metaphorical, cultural, artistic and literary aspects
Corrigendum
No full textCorrigendum to ‘Harnessing gemcitabine metabolism: a step towards personalized medicine for pancreatic cancer’ by Muhammad Saif, Yoomi Lee and Richard Kim, Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology 2012; 4(6):341-6. DOI: 10.1177/1758834012453755 . The corresponding author would like to note their name should be recognized as Muhammad Wasif Saif (Saif MW) and not as Muhammad Saif (Saif M) in this article
فورٹ ولیم كالج كی غیر معروف داستانیں
No full textUrdu fictional literature flourished through a clear and organized plan in Fort William College. This college produced an unprecedented literature whose exploratory and critical treasure stands at the highest level in Urdu literature. On the other hand, there are some tales which have been neglected for certain reasons. These tales are complaining of their diminutiveness and insignificance in Urdu literature to the literary scholars and critics. In this article, the literary and technical aspects of the overshadowed fictional literature produced at Fort William College have been analyzed with the exploratory and critical approach
تنقیداتِ ”داستانِ امیر حمزہ“ : ایك تجزیاتی مطالعہ
No full textDastan-e-Ameer Hamza is rightly considered one of the literary masterpieces in Urdu literature. This is a great treatise of style, imagination and fantasy. Because of the several writers of the Dastan, its style is very diverse: both simple and colorful. It presents a true picture of Lakhnavi society. Though its origin is Persian yet it is in harmony with the essence of Urdu culture and civilization. The critics have suggested that it addresses its era's bitterness, apprehensions of life and death, aesthetic and mystic concerns, and cultural and civilized life. The historical, cultural, social, lingual and literary standards have been elucidated in the article in view of the critiques of Dastan-e-Ameer Hamza. These exploratory and critical views are a valuable addition to this Dastan
مثنوی ’’قطب مشتری‘‘ کا تنقیدی سرمایہ
No full textQutub Mushtari is a Masnavi-like poetic tale of ancient Deccani literature, in which we can see the literary dispositions and trends found in the era of Qutub Shahi. In the critique of Qutub Mushtari, we not only hear the echoes of the forgotten past, but we can also find the precious treasure of the cultural references. This critical analysis is a great means of information in the arena of critique, encompassing all subjects of sexuality and psychology, Hindu-Muslim civilization, mysticism and philosophy, lingual changes, holistic details, history and sociology into i
ڈاکٹر سہیل احمد خاں بہ حیثیت داستانی نقاد
No full textDr. Sohail Ahmad Khan is a renowned critic of Urdu Fiction. Dastan ki Alaamti Kainaat is his famous book in which he has tried to solve the symbolic mysteries of life and universe, stages of mortality and immortality, metaphysical phenomena, steps towards self-discipline, and other relevant fundamental and universal topics. Moreover, he has deeply delved into mythologies of different civilizations and cultures along with disciplines of Philosophy, Psychology, Religion, History, Sociology and Humanity in order to consolidate his critique, especially of Urdu Dastan
Reduced-order Kalman filter for a class of continuous - time systems with slow and fast modes
No full textIn this thesis, complete decomposition of the Kalman filter into the reduced-order Kalman filter with slow and fast modes is addressed. First, we investigate the decomposition so that the slow and fast filters are completely separated with both of filters driven by the system measurements. The simulation results are presented for such a decomposition using an aircraft example. In the second part, this thesis presents the design of reduced order Kalman filters for systems with both slow and fast modes for the case of perfect measurement. The main advantage of the reduced order approach is moderating and reducing mathematical difficulties to obtain the optimal state estimation. This will facilitate the use of Kalman filter for a class of real-time physical systems. In this thesis, we explain the effectiveness of the proposed design through theoretical studies and simulation results.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Saif Almansour
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