215 research outputs found
The intention to share: professionals’ knowledge sharing behaviors in online communities
No full textSince the 1990s, the rise of some online communities as well as the decline of others has caught the attention of academia as well as of practice. One assumption for the decline of some online communities is the lack of the rich knowledge content that is believed to be the source of competitiveness and sustainability of any online community. Online communities are increasingly acknowledging the value of knowledge and the knowledge sharing processes required for online communities to build and sustain their identity in this competitive and constantly changing online environment. This research aims to provide an understanding of knowledge sharing behavior through the adaptation of two major theories imported from Social Psychology: the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TpB). Exploring knowledge sharing from a social psychological perspective provides an understanding of the process an individual goes through to make the decision to share his/her knowledge with others as well as the different psychological factors facilitating or hindering knowledge sharing behavior. Research findings are based on a web-survey of 158 group members, and an observation of interactions of eight active groups in one online community of professional educators. Proposing an extended theoretical model of knowledge sharing behavior in an online community, this research found that normative pressures, including subjective norms and descriptive norms, had a strong influence on the formation of the individual’s intention to share in the online community. Knowledge sharing self-efficacy also was found to significantly account for explaining the individual’s motivation to share his/her knowledge with other members. Attitude and controllability were not found to have significant impacts on the formation of intention. The qualitative analysis of the interactions of members of eight active groups revealed that there were other implicit factors that motivated individuals to engage in online activities. The observation of 24 online sessions had generated beliefs related to knowledge sharing behavior. Those beliefs were related to normative beliefs and the pressure created by the expectations of others, control beliefs and the confidence of the individual’s ability to behave, and finally, behavioral beliefs and individual outcome expectations.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Bibi M. Alajm
اردو لغت (تاریخی اصول پر)‘‘ کے اندراجات کی معنوی وضاحت کا تجزیہ’’
No full textAnalysis of explanations of meanings in Urdu Lughat: Tareekhi Usool Par
By Ameena Bibi, Assistant Prof, Department of Urdu, International Islamic University, Islamabad
Urdu Dictionary Board (UDB) has compiled and published Urdu’s most comprehensive dictionary, titled Urdu Lughat: Tareekhi Usool Par (Urdu Dictionary: on historical principles). While appreciating the monumental work, the author of this paper has pointed out certain lacuna in the way many of the entries in Urdu Lughat published by UDB are explained. The author has also compared the explanatory wordings in UDB’s dictionary with some other dictionaries of Urdu and has explained what and which is correct and what errors have been committed by UDB editors. Although she is all-praise for the work, she has objectively evaluated some portions of UDB’s dictionary in the light of lexicographic rules
Funding strategies for business development: sustainability and growth
No full textThis study analyses incubator business development program held by HayRadiance Foundation through its viable activities. By engaged partnerships, unified technology, and focused on sustainability, the foundation is not only created economic opportunities but also contributed to the wider goal of global interconnectedness. Through this case study, the author discussed how targeted strategies can empower entrepreneurs and communities in a rapidly evolving global landscap
Towards Cost Modelling for Rapid Prototyping and Tooling Technology-Based Investment Casting Process for Development of Low-Cost Dies
No full textIn precision manufacturing, selecting the most economically viable process is essential for low-volume, high-complexity applications. This study compares the machining process (MP), conventional investment casting (CIC), and rapid prototyping (RP) through a mathematical cost model based on the activity-based costing (ABC) approach. The model captures detailed cost drivers across design, logistics, production, and environmental dimensions. Results show that MP incurs the highest production cost (94.45%) but minimal logistics (3.43%). CIC bears the highest total cost and significant production overhead (93.2%), while RIC achieves the lowest total cost, driven by major savings in production (84.6%) and labor. Although RIC has slightly higher logistics than MP, it demonstrates superior economic efficiency for small-batch, high-accuracy production. This study provides a unified quantitative framework for cost comparison and offers valuable guidance for manufacturers aiming to enhance efficiency, sustainability, and profitability across diverse fabrication strategies
Estimation of shortwave direct aerosol radiative forcing at four locations on the Indo-Gangetic plains: Model results and ground measurement
No full textEffectiveness of a peer-delivered, psychosocial intervention on maternal depression and child development at 3 years postnatal: a cluster randomised trial in Pakistan
No full textMaternal depression has a recurring course that can influence offspring outcomes. Evidence on how to treat maternal depression to improve longer-term maternal outcomes and reduce intergenerational transmission of psychopathology is scarce, particularly for task-shifted, low-intensity, and scalable psychosocial interventions. We evaluated the effects of a peer-delivered, psychosocial intervention on maternal depression and child development at 3 years postnatal
The Rights and Duties of Women According to Bibi Khanom Astarabadi and Taj al-Saltana: Two Examples of Feminist Social Critique in Iran at the Turn of the 20th Century
No full textThis paper aims to juxtapose two crucial texts for the early history of feminism in Iran: a satirical treatise entitled Maʼayeb al-rejal (The vices of men) from 1894 written by Bibi Khanom Astarabadi (1858/59–1921) and the memoirs of Taj al-Saltana
(1884–1936), a daughter of Naser al-Din Shah (r. 1848–1896), penned in 1914. In spite of the authors’ different backgrounds and the diversity of issues raised, both devoted plenty of attention to the desirable qualities of a ‘modern Iranian woman’—a new ideal championed by the Iranian reformist movement of the late 1800s and early 1900s. This progressive ideal of woman, however, remained rooted in a traditional paradigm
equating womanhood with wifehood and motherhood. Through a literary analysis of the works of Bibi Khanom and Taj al-Saltana, the author argues that the early Iranian feminists integrated their advocacy for dignity and ‘modernity’ of woman into the patriarchal outlook by reserving for their ‘sisters’ the functions of educators and carers
Observations of black carbon aerosols characteristics over an urban environment: Radiative forcing and related implications
No full textTemporal variation of Black Carbon concentration using Aethalometer observations and its relationships with meteorological variables in Karachi, Pakistan
No full textMetabolic and Behavioral Effects of Nicotine in Swim Stressed Mice
No full textNicotine, in the form of tobacco smoking, is the most commonly abused drug throughout the world. It contributes to the harmful tobacco smoking habit leading to high morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The drug has addictive properties and causes drug dependence. Apart from these effects, nicotine alters a number of metabolic pathways such as lipid profile and glucose homeostasis leading to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Present study investigated the metabolic and behavioral effects of nicotine in stressed mice. For this purpose adult male mice were subjected to chronic nicotine treatment(3.08 mg/100 ml in drinking water) for 3 weeks followed by forced swim test (FST) and serum glucose, lipid profile and tryptophan were investigated. When swim stressed mice were compared with chow control, it was found that serum glucose (P<0.001), total cholesterol (P<0.001), triglycerides (P<0.01), and LDL cholesterol (P<0.01) were increased. Similarly glucose concentration (P<0.05), total cholesterol (P<0.05), triglycerides (P<0.01) and LDL cholesterol (P<0.05) were increased in drug treated swim stressed mice. However HDL remained unaltered in both groups. Serum tryptophan was decreased (P<0.01) in swim stressed and nicotine treated swim stressed mice. During FST, swimming behavior was significantly increased at the cost of climbing with no change in immobility in nicotine treated mice as compared to controls. It is concluded that nicotine worsens lipid profile and glucose homeostasis in stressful situations thereby increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases in chronic smokers and the drug induced behavioral alterations may be related to the serotonergic pathway.</jats:p
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