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Evaluating the Protective Effects of a Pet Supplement Containing Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Hydroxide and Natural Ingredients (Gastrik Pet®, Candioli S.r.l.) on Gastric Cells and Cytotoxicity Reduction under Hyperacidity Conditions: An In Vitro Study
No full textEffective acid suppression is crucial for treating gastritis in pets. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the protective effects of two products on gastric cells under conditions of high acidity: 1) a supplement (Gastrik Pet®, Candioli srl) containing selected natural ingredients including Promugel®(a complex of mucilage protecting the mucosa from gastric acidity: Guar meal, Psyllium (Plantago Ovata L.), Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and antacid salts (calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide) and 2) sucralfate, a treatment used in human and veterinary medicine. Gastrik Pet® showed superior efficacy in protecting gastric cells from acid-induced cytotoxicity at all concentrations tested compared to sucralfate. These results suggest that this natural pet supplement could be a promising option for managing gastritis-related conditions in pets. Further research, including in vivo studies, is needed to confirm these findings and assess its clinical potential
Characterization of Bipolar Fuzzy SBG-Ideals in Sheffer Stroke BG-Algebras
No full textIn this paper, we systematically develop the theory of bipolar-valued fuzzy sets in the setting of Sheffer stroke BG-algebras (SBG-algebras) by introducing and characterizing bipolar fuzzy SBG-subalgebras and SBG-ideals. Necessary and sufficient conditions for these structures are established via sss-cuts and ttt-cuts, along with explicit algorithms for their verification. We further investigate the relationship between bipolar-valued fuzzy sets and their crisp counterparts through constructive examples. It is shown that the intersection of bipolar fuzzy SBG-ideals preserves the ideal structure, and that the combination of the positive membership function with the complement of the negative membership function yields fuzzy SBG-ideals and subalgebras. These findings extend the algebraic framework of fuzzy logic and provide practical tools for modeling and analyzing bipolar uncertainty in algebraic systems
Walrasian Economic Equilibrium Problems in Convex Regions
Full text linkThis paper defines Walrasian economic equilibrium in convex regions, introduces the definition of strict-proper quasimonotone functions, and derives some necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of Walrasian equilibrium vectors in convex regions
The Sun Evaporates Water to Cool the Earth for Life to Flourish
Full text linkThis study analyzes the role of water vapor in keeping the Earth cool and the role of the Sun in providing food and oxygen. The Sun sends enormous amounts of energy daily to the Earth—about one-half of the world\u27s annual energy consumption. This energy heats the surface, evaporates water, and creates a rising thermal column of warm, moist air. When the air reaches an altitude where the dew point causes the evaporated water to condense, the heat released eventually escapes to space as infrared radiation. Enough heat is released to space to maintain the Earth’s temperature suitable for current life forms. The level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is adequate for the photosynthesis process to provide food and oxygen for the life forms. The water cycle shows how the system works. Storms such as thunderstorms and hurricanes are powerful and essential to the water cycle. They provide most heat removal. No component of the Earth’s atmosphere other than water vapor has a significant cooling effect. A tiny but essential part of the Sun’s energy powers photosynthesis, providing oxygen and food at the bottom of the food chain on land and in the sea
Review Article: Graph Colouring and Applications
Full text linkIn this article, we present fundamental concept of graph theory and its application in real life. Section 1 deals with the basic definitions and literature review. In Section 2, we describe the algebraic properties of graph. The last section is dedicated to the colouring pattern of graph and its applications. All the information given in this article based on the references [1-8] and the references therein
Phytochemical Study and Evaluation of Toxicity and Antioxidant Properties of Allium ascalonicum Leaf Extracts on Cell Line HepG2
No full textAllium ascalonicum, a leafy vegetable belonging to the Liliaceae family, is widely cultivated and consumed in several West African countries, including Ghana, Benin, and Nigeria. The leaves of this plant are utilized both as a fresh salad ingredient and as a cooked component in sauces. In addition to its culinary uses, Allium ascalonicum is traditionally consumed in concoctions for managing various health conditions, including diabetes and hypertension. While numerous global studies have explored the medicinal properties of this plant, there is a notable lack of research specifically addressing its therapeutic potential within Nigeria. This study investigates the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activities, and cytotoxic properties of Allium ascalonicum leaf extracts, with a focus on methanol and aqueous preparations. Phytochemical analysis identified key bioactive constituents such as phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins, with the methanol extract demonstrating higher concentrations of phenolics (82.4 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (54.7 mg QE/g) compared to the aqueous extract. Antioxidant efficacy was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays, wherein the methanol extract exhibited superior performance. The methanol extract showed a lower 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) IC50 value (42.8 µg/mL) and a higher FRAP value (310.5 µM ascorbic acid equivalents), indicating robust free radical scavenging and reducing capabilities. Cytotoxicity was assessed against HepG2 liver cancer cells, revealing an IC50 of 72.4 µg/mL for the methanol extract, indicative of significant anticancer potential. Conversely, the aqueous extract demonstrated comparatively lower cytotoxicity, with an IC50 value of 145.6 µg/mL. These findings underscore the potential of Allium ascalonicum leaf extracts, particularly the methanol preparation, as a promising natural source of antioxidants and anticancer agents. Further research is warranted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underpinning these bioactivities and to evaluate the plant’s potential applications in pharmaceutical and therapeutic contexts
Optimal Design of a Biconvex Airfoil for a Supersonic Aircraft Using the Basin-Hopping and Exhaustive Search Methods
No full textIn this study, based on target design conditions, an airfoil is designed for a supersonic aircraft to achieve the maximum lift-to-wave drag ratio, with constraints on the lift coefficient, pitching moment, and maximum thickness. The coefficients of lift and wave drag are calculated numerically using shock/expansion wave theory. To solve the corresponding optimization problem, the Basin-Hopping algorithm—a method commonly used in computational chemical physics for determining minimum energy structures of molecules—is employed. To enhance the search for local extrema, the Sequential Least Squares Programming (SLSQP) method, known for handling constrained optimization problems, is integrated with the Basin-Hopping algorithm. For comparison and validation, the exhaustive search method, a simple technique that evaluates various combinations of design variables to find the optimal solution, is also applied. The results show that while the exhaustive search identifies the optimal design, the Basin-Hopping algorithm yields a slightly better design and requires only about 1/60 of the computation time. This work outlines the design process and demonstrates how advanced optimization algorithms can efficiently address engineering design challenges
Participation of the TRPA1 Receptor in the Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of the α, β-Amyrin Mixture in Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Full text linkInflammatory pain is a symptom associated with different human diseases, and they are treated with drugs that have several serious side effects. The triterpene mixture of α, β-amyrin (ABAM) has already been reported with antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in mice. The antinociceptive potential of ABAM possibly involves the mechanisms of opioid and vanilloid receptors. This study aimed to determine the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential of ABAM in adult zebrafish by modulating TRPA1. Thus, ABAM had its antinociceptive effect investigated by the nociception model in adult zebrafish induced by formalin. Furthermore, the possible neuromodulation by the TRPA1 channel was evaluated by pre-treatment with camphor. ABAM exhibited significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in adult zebrafish at all tested doses. These effects, potentially mediated through TRPA1 modulation, were observed without signs of toxicity over a 96-hour period
Tetracycline Residues in Milk and Vitreous Humor: Risks of Indirect Antibiotic Resistance
No full textBackground: Since antibiotics became widely used in both human and veterinary medicine, they have been instrumental in fighting bacterial diseases that were once difficult or impossible to treat. However, misuse inevitably increases the risk of selecting resistant bacteria, which poses a major public health concern. The “One Health” concept highlights the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, recognizing that the environment can serve as a reservoir for resistant microorganisms.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate indirect antibiotic contamination from animal-derived food, focusing on tetracyclines, which are widely used in animal feed and veterinary treatments. Residues of tetracyclines can remain in animal-based food products such as meat and milk. Notably, their transmission poses a threat to human health.
Methods: A comprehensive analysis was conducted using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to detect tetracycline residues in milk and meat samples collected from commercial sources. The methodology included sample preparation and analysis to quantify the levels of contamination.
Results: HPLC analysis revealed tetracycline residues exceeding 100 µg/L in milk and over 20 µg/L in sheep’s vitreous humor, indicating a concerning prevalence of contamination in animal-derived food products.
Conclusion: These findings highlight the public health risks of indirect antibiotic contamination in food products of animal origin. The study calls for stricter monitoring of antibiotic residues and a reevaluation of current veterinary practices, emphasizing the importance of the “One Health” approach in addressing antibiotic resistance
The Impact of the Hunga Tonga Volcanic Eruption on Earth\u27s Temperature
Full text linkIn January 2020, we published a paper [1] showing that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) claimed that Earth’s temperature would reach 1.5 °C above pre-industrial days by 2030. At the same time, those who study the Sun, such as Valentina Zharkov, indicated that by 2030, the Earth\u27s temperature would be much lower and close to pre-industrial times. The satellite temperature measurements of the Earth’s temperature are the best because they cover the whole Earth and minimize the urban heat island effect. This record shows that from January 2019 to January 2023, the temperatures dropped by approximately 0.5 °C, which indicates that the Earth is cooling. On January 15, 2022, the Hunga Tonga submarine volcano violently erupted, sending approximately 146 million tonnes of water into the stratosphere. This water reduced the heat flow to space. It increased the Earth’s temperature to a peak in April 2024 of approximately 0.45 °C above the safe upper limit of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, as promoted by the IPCC. There was no disastrous effect. We are halfway to 2030, and there are serious problems with the IPCC estimate. It is recommended that the IPCC consider revising its estimates of the impact of CO2 on warming the Earth’s atmosphere