452 research outputs found
Influence of literature developed by Hafez Shirazi on poems of Mohammad Ali Shams-Al-Din
No full textHafez Shirazi has influenced on most Arab-speaking scholars. Mohammad Ali Shamsaldin, Leonean poet had maximally influenced by Hafez. When we read book “Fi Shirazat” complied by Mohammad Ali Shams-Al-Din, we will found this important issue that he and Hafez smashed together. His odes in this book has indeed occurred by using his natural creative force. When reader looks at the volume of book “Fi Shirazat”, he can see the name of Hafez Shirazi in the right side of the book and name of Mohammad Ali Shas-Al-Din in the left side and expression “Shirazat” at the middle of both; consequently, he would find the clear technical and spiritual cooperation between both poems. This paper aims to prove the influence of Hafez on Mohammad Ali Shams-Al-Din according to French School; for this purpose, the author has sought for required references and books in national and international libraries; by analytical methodology, the poems of Mohamamd Ali Shams-Al-Din were analyzed and compared to Persian Poems of Hafez to prove that he has influenced by Hafez”™s Poets. Results of this study indicate that the influence of Hafez on Shams-Al-Din could be completely determined in his poems and only in his book called “Fi Shirazat”
Critique of Khorasan mysticism in Shams Tabrizi articles
No full textThe current of Khorasan romantic mysticism has a special style tradition centered on the concept of love. After the publication of Shams Tabrizi's articles, one of the topics of interest was that Shams did not accept the likes of Bayazid from the elders of Khorasan and even Junaid, Hallaj and Ibn Arabi. In this research, it is clear that the main criticism of Shams is not on the personality of these people but on their mystical method. The fact is that Shams Tabrizi was one of the top critics of Khorasan mysticism who was also affiliated with this school. To prove this claim, important features of Khorasan behavior such as emphasis on austerity, Sokr, Shath and annihilation in the sheikh have been stated. And then Shams' views on these features are explained and analyzed. Shams was opposed to the monastic system based in Khorasan mysticism and customs such as wearing a cloak. He considered conventional austerity a serious deviation. He also considered conditions such as Sokr and Shath as inefficiencies and shortcomings of this behavior. One of the most important achievements of this discussion is that Shams sought to return to the original way of Khorasan because he did not consider Sufism's reliance on the existing monastic system acceptable. He tried to lead Sufism to dependence on the spiritual guardianship of the sheikh and the doctrine of annihilation in the sheikh. The research method is descriptive and analytical and relies on library resources.IntroductionAfter the establishment of the khanqah system by Sufis such as Abu Saeed Abul Khair, and then the definition and determination of dynasties by elders such as Ahmad Ghazali, the dominant discourse in Sufism became the Khorasani discourse. Gradually, the work progressed to the point where most Sufists were Persian-speaking; As far as the likes of Attar preferred to write in Farsi. It is a fact that Persian language became the language of most Sufis after the first centuries of Sufism. If we consider the mysticism of Khorasan as lacking theoretical and practical elements and foundations, this combination is more related to a certain area of geography where Iranian Sufism once flourished. Therefore, it is not possible to recognize a specific mystical school or current under this name, and if the elders had the opposite approach, it was not without tolerance. The claim of this research is that the mysticism of Khorasan has prominent features that have been criticized even by personalities such as Shams Tabrizi. Before entering Shams' critiques, we should better understand Khorasan mysticism and at least the number of characteristics of this mysticism that Shams criticized. After the organization and identification of the Khorasan school by Ahmad Ghazali and the official announcement of "love" as the main principle of this school, famous Sufis are often included in two groups: Iraqi and Khorasani. Sahv prevailed in Iraqi Sufism and Sokr in Khorasani. Of course, this does not mean that all Khorasan mystics followed Sokr and all Iraqi Sufis followed Sahv, but the dominant approach among Khorasanis was Sokr, and among Iraqis Sahv. The term Khorasan and Iraqi does not mean assigning it to a specific geography or a precise and logical division of mystics into Sokr and Sahv, but it indicates the predominance of Sokr concepts in Khorasan and Sahv in Iraq; in the works of each of the above schools, you can find both Sokr and Sahv.Literature ReviewDespite the fame of "Khorasan Mystical School", no significant research background can be found for the current topic, and examining the points of view of Shams in this regard is a new topic worthy of study, and at the same time, it shows the necessity of the current discussion. Of course, two scientific research articles related to Khorasan mysticism have been published by the author:- Roodger, Mohammad, "Irfan Khorasan and Ibn Arabi, Practical Differences", Research Journal of Islamic Religions, 2016.- Roodger, Mohammad, "Irfan of Khorasan and Ibn Arabi, theoretical differences", Irfan Research Journal, 2017.The above articles deal with the practical and theoretical distinction between Khorasan mysticism and Ibn Arabi and not Shams' criticisms. The fact that no book was found that independently deals with practical mysticism in Khorasan Sufism and mysticism is not a research about introducing the elders of Khorasan, but about proving Khorasan Sufism as an independent movement or school from a practical and theoretical point of view. In addition to the articles that refer to this topic sporadically in some works, the articles that were searched refer to a corner of this topic; for example:- Khayatian, Qadratullah and Seyyed Hamid Delavar (2013) "An investigation into the well-known division of Sufism and Mysticism schools in Baghdad and Khorasan", History of philosophy magazine.This research basically questions the distinction between Khorasani mysticism and Baghdadi mysticism and is not related to the Khorasani Sunnah and the opinions of Shams Tabrizi.- Sadri, Jamshid and Ghasmetali Samadi (2007) "Sufism in the Khorasan School", Persian Literature Quarterly of Mashhad Islamic Azad University.This writing and similar ones also have a historical approach to the discussion, without paying close attention to the practical tradition of Khorasan mysticism and especially the personality of Shams Tabrizi. Regarding Shams and the book of essays, there have been good researches in recent years, but none of them are about Khorasan mysticism and Shams's criticisms.MethodologyThe research method is descriptive and analytical and documented in library sources.ConclusionAlthough Ahmad Ghazali founded and popularized the Khorasani mysticism, the organization of monastic networks by Abu Saeed Abul Khair made the original teachings of Ahmad Ghazali find another direction. The practical tradition of Shams Tabrizi is a return to the practical tradition of Ahmad Ghazali's school. He was affiliated with the practical circle of the Tabriz school, about which there is not much information. From the limited information obtained from Shams's words, we find that he denied the exhausting austerities that were prevalent in the monasteries of the Khorasan school, and this made becoming a mentor and becoming mortal in the mentor stand out as the most important goal, because talking to the guru and absorbing in him is continuous austerity. Annihilation in the Prophet has also raised his position to the highest position in Khorasani's practical and romantic mysticism. Shams's opposition to the Kherqe and the Khanqah is because she considers the original cloak to be a spiritual connection with the spiritual guardianship of the Prophet. This connection is of companionship, speech and mystical absorption, which are included in the form of the practical teaching of annihilation in the guru. Shams does not agree with Sokr of Khorasan, nor with Sahv of Iraq. He considered Sokr to be an unfinished stage in his journey, and spoke of "Sahv along with Sokr"
al-Misbāh fī al-Nahw By Nāsir al-Dīn al-Mutarrizī al-Nahwī (d. 610/1213) A Critical Edition of the Text with the Life History of the Author
No full textNāsir al-Dīn al-Mutarrizī al-Nahwī (d.610/1213) was one of the most renowned figures in the field of Arabic Grammar. He has left an indelible mark on the world of Arabic language and literature. He is also known as the successor of al-Zamakhsharī.
He wrote a number of books but his al-Misbāh fī al-Nahw gained prominence at a level that no other book in this field could claim to achieve. For this reason, a great number of commentaries have been written in every age, of which the most famous are al-Daw and Khulāsat al-I‘rāb written by Tāj al-Dīn al-Isfrā’īnī and ‘Abd al- Karīm al-Tūsī (better known as Hājjī Bābā) respectively. Moreover, its translation into other languages also demonstrates its value as a useful book.
Although al-Misbāh has been edited on more than one occasion, the published editions do not fulfil the needs and requirements of modern academic research criteria. The basic aim of this thesis is to present this book with a current modern research style so that the students, teachers and ordinary readers of Arabic language and literature may benefit from this work.
This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the life history of the author and his other works. A brief note of the environment under which he grew up (generally referred to as the ‘Seljuk’ period) is also included in this part.
The second part consists of a text edition that deals with the derivation (Takhrīj) of syntactical issues together with the differing opinions of grammarians on syntactical/grammatical issues. This part also proffers the idiomatic English translation of al-Misbāh
The conservation of modern architectural heritage buildings in Turkey: İstanbul Hilton and İstanbul Çınar Hotel as a case study
No full textThis article contributes to the conservation of modern architectural heritage buildings by emphasizing the retrofitting of their construction systems. Modern architectural heritage buildings in Turkey are crucial in terms of transferring not only the cultural identity of the nations to further generations but also architectural sustainability of its distinguished period. By time, where these buildings can have constructional problems with its original structural systems, proposing a new system related with new earthquake regulations is inevitable in order to conserve them. Because most of the buildings are under threat of being demolished. The purpose of the research is to evaluate existing modern architectural heritage buildings in terms of its existing structural system and to develop a constructional model for renewal of them. As a case study, two hotel examples in İstanbul as a modern architectural heritage is selected, one is Hilton Hotel and the other is Çınar Hotel respectively. Then, the architectural plans and sections of the buildings as a data has been collected through literature survey by content analysis. At the end, the model proposal has been developed for each hotel buildings according to existing structural systems. The proposed models can be applied to sustain the life of the hotel buildings with a retrofitted structural system. So, the paper tries to conserve/protect the modern architectural heritage buildings by retrofitting its construction via presenting a remarkable study of two hotel buildings. © 2022 THE AUTHOR
Urdu Ghazal of Jaun Elia
No full textIn this article, personality of John Elia and his feelings & thoughtsrelated to the concept of life and death, regarding Urdu Ghazal, have been analyzed. Incidents of personal life, stir the thoughts of John Elia, which affected the poet's point of view deeply. In this regard, selected examples have also been given that explain the concepts of poet
رجحان ساز غزل گو بہ حوالہ تصورِ مرگ و حیات(خلیل الرحمان اعظمی تا ظفر اقبال)
No full textIn this article, verses related to the concept of life and death fromKhalil-ur-Rahman Aazmi (1927-1978), Fazal Din Anjum Romani (1927 - 2001), AzizHamid Madni (1929 - 1991), Mustufa Zaidi (1930 - 1970) and Zafar Iqbal's UrduGhazal has been selected and tried to highlight every poet's individual approach
Urdu Ghazal of Jaun Elia
No full textIn this article, personality of John Elia and his feelings & thoughtsrelated to the concept of life and death, regarding Urdu Ghazal, have been analyzed. Incidents of personal life, stir the thoughts of John Elia, which affected the poet's point of view deeply. In this regard, selected examples have also been given that explain the concepts of poet
Interview with author Rawdah al-Farkh al-Hudhud
No full textهذة المقابلة مع المؤلفة روضة الفرخ الهدهد، تتحدث عن مؤلفاتها وخاصة كتب الأطفال، وتشير إلى مشكلة الكتابة للأطفال فى الأردن.أجرى المقابلة حسن شمس الدين.In this interview, author Rawdah al-Frakh al-Hudhud speaks about her writing and the problem in writing books for children in Jordan. The interview was conducted by Hasan Shams al-Din
Повторне розширення теореми Чебишова щодо гіпотези Бертрана
No full textIn this paper, Chebyshev’s theorem (1850) about Bertrand’s conjecture is re-extended using a theorem about Sierpinski’s conjecture (1958). The theorem had been extended before several times, but this extension is a major extension far beyond the previous ones. At the beginning of the proof, maximal gaps table is used to verify initial states. The extended theorem contains a constant r, which can be reduced if more initial states can be checked. Therefore, the theorem can be even more extended when maximal gaps table is extended. The main extension idea is not based on r, though.У даній статті теорему Чебишова (1850) щодо гіпотези Вертрана повторно розширено за допомогою теореми щодо гіпотези Серпінського (1958). Раніше теорему розширювали декілька разів, але розглядуване розширення є найголовнішим із попередніх. Доведення починається з використання таблиці максимальних проміжків для перевірки початкових станів. Розширена теорема містить константу r, яка може бути зменшена при можливості перевірки більшої кількості початкових станів. Отже, теорему може бути розширено навіть більше у випадку розширення таблиці максимальних проміжків. Проте основна ідея розширення не базується на r.The author thanks A. M. Naranjani and Ramtin Shams for their valuable suggestions. The author did the original work in the warm scientific community of the Computer Engineering Department of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2001
Shams and shadows: meta-fiction and the upper class woman writer
No full textA number of novels by upper class women in the 1890s register anxiety about the identity of the woman writer, with the ambivalent status of popular fiction being explored through such radically different characters as the eponymous writer of Rhoda Brougthon’s A Beginner (1894) and the talented Hester of Mary Cholmondeley’s Red Pottage (1899). As Cholmondeley’s own career makes clear, disapproval was as likely to derive from class antagonism as from concerns about gender boundaries, with county families expressing disbelief that she would want to join the ranks of ‘little scribblers’. Female author characters encounter suspicion and even outright hostility from other characters and occasionally from their own creators, who use meta-fiction both to critique women’s writing and to construct their own literary identities.
Fin de siècle texts by upper class women necessarily include subtle negotiations of gender and class identity, often through the medium of fictional texts that are ultimately disavowed or destroyed. Ellen Thorneycroft Fowler’s 1898 Concerning Isabel Carnaby is not unusual in its presentation of an anonymously authored novel that the writer later regrets having written. In this case it is a male writer whose career is severely compromised following the publication of a ‘clever’ but vulgar novel under a pseudonym, reminding readers of New Woman literature that the circulation of a text can be as disastrous as its loss. Fowler’s novel raises a number of questions about the implications of the domestic / public divide, and what it means to be associated with a particular school of fiction, not least whether anonymity signals inferior work rather than the reserve of the ‘modest authoress’. This question becomes particularly pressing when it transpires that the writer of the fictional work is in fact the faithless fiancée, rather than the promising author whose reputation has been sullied
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