35 research outputs found
Study of aerosol behavior on the basis of morphological characteristics during festival events in India
No full textHealth risk assessment due to biomass smoke exposure in Indian indoor environment: An empirical approach using lung deposition model
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Farmer typology to understand differentiated climate change adaptation in Himalaya
No full textSmallholder farmers’ responses to the climate-induced agricultural changes are not uniform but rather diverse, as response adaptation strategies are embedded in the heterogonous agronomic, social, economic, and institutional conditions. There is an urgent need to understand the diversity within the farming households, identify the main drivers and understand its relationship with household adaptation strategies. Typology construction provides an efficient method to understand farmer diversity by delineating groups with common characteristics. In the present study, based in the Uttarakhand state of Indian Western Himalayas, five farmer types were identified on the basis of resource endowment and agriculture orientation characteristics. Factor analysis followed by sequential agglomerative hierarchial and K-means clustering was use to delineate farmer types. Examination of adaptation strategies across the identified farmer types revealed that mostly contrasting and type-specific bundle of strategies are adopted by farmers to ensure livelihood security. Our findings show that strategies that incurred high investment, such as infrastructural development, are limited to high resource-endowed farmers. In contrast, the low resourced farmers reported being progressively disengaging with farming as a livelihood option. Our results suggest that the proponents of effective adaptation policies in the Himalayan region need to be cognizant of the nuances within the farming communities to capture the diverse and multiple adaptation needs and constraints of the farming households. © 2019, The Author(s)
A successful slum upgrade in Durban: A case of formal change and informal continuity
No full textIn situ slum upgrades implemented through community participation are widely considered global best practice in efforts to significantly improve the lives of at least 100 million shack dwellers. This paper scrutinises the process and impact of community participation in a slum upgrade in Durban. Based on data from an ethnographic study of Zwelisha, a newly upgraded settlement north of Durban, South Africa, this paper presents a nuanced analysis of the upgrade process and the role of community participation in achieving successful outcomes in terms of significant improvement to tenure security and wellbeing (as defined by Zwelisha's residents). The analysis shows that successful outcomes are intrinsically tied to the manner in which the upgrade process is implemented. The paper argues the formal changes that result in successful outcomes are possible only because of informal continuities; specifically, the continued and consolidated power and influence of the local community development committee following upgrade. While the paper frames the continuity of informal power relations as important to successful outcomes for wellbeing, the findings can also be read as a tale of caution of how the state's approach to community participation in slum upgrades may consolidate and legitimise informal power relations that may not be necessarily benevolent
Variations of Surface Ozone levels in Urban area of India: a focus on night-time residual concentrations
No full textThis study investigates the existing diurnal as well as night time surface ozone concentration trend over Delhi between 1990 and 2012. Secondary data obtained from the National Data Centre (NDC) of the India Meteorological Department (IMD) was analysed to assess the trend in the surface and night-time ozone concentration. This was further used to forecast the variation in the night-time ozone concentration over the city till 2025. A significantly increasing trend of the night-time ozone concentration was observed between 1990 and 2012 evidenced by a +0.158 value of the Mann Kendall test. Moreover, the forecasting of the variations conducted using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model revealed that the concentration of night-time ozone is expected to increase between the period of 2013 and 2025 if the current trend continues. This is the first study to conduct a trend analysis of night-time ozone concentration for a duration of three decades in the NCT of Delhi. Considering the negative impacts of elevated levels of ozone on the health status of individuals, agricultural productivity and air quality of the city, the present study highlights that it is imperative to take concentrated actions to curb the release of anthropogenic precursors of surface ozone
A Reflection on Image Classifications for Forest Ecology Management: Towards Landscape Mapping and Monitoring
No full textCapturing forest dependency in the central Himalayan region: Variations between Oak (Quercus spp.) and Pine (Pinus spp.) dominated forest landscapes
No full textDemystifying vulnerability assessment of agriculture communities in the Himalayas: a systematic review
No full textAssessment of Synergistic Impact of Ambient Surface Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter on Experimentally Grown Wheat Crop
No full textAl-‘Alāqāt al-siyāsiyya bayna mamlakat Saba’ wa-mudun mamālik al-Jawf fī’ ḍaw’ naqsh saba’ī jadīd min al-qarn al-sābi‘ qabla al-mīlād »
No full textInternational audienceThis is an investigation of a new dedicatory Sabaean inscription from the ancient site of Kamna (old Kaminahū), in wadi al Jawf in Yemen. This new inscription emphasizes the gradual control of the Kingdom of Saba’ over the City-States of al Jawf through assigning rulers affiliating the kings of Saba’. The author of this inscription is one of the men of the Mukarrib of Saba’ – Karb’īl Watār, and his son Sumhū‘Alī -, as the Sabaean mukarrib’s agent in Kamna. On the basis of the paleography style, and of the mention of the names of mukarribs of Saba’, it is possible to attribute the new inscription to the first half of the 7th century BC.Publication d'une nouvelle inscription sabéenne provenant du site antique de Kamna du wâdî al-Jawf (Yémen) Cette nouvelle inscription atteste le contrôle progressif du royaume de Saba sur les cités-États d’Al Jawf. L’auteur de cette inscription est un représentant des souverains de Saba ’- Karb’īl Watār et de son fils Sumhū’ Alī - sur la ville de Kamn. La paléographie de cette inscription, ainsi que la mention des noms de souverains de Saba' permet de la situer dans la première moitié du VIIe s. av. J.-C
