1,720,984 research outputs found
Criminological Reformism and Transnational Criminal Law (1870s-1930s)
No full textI. Introduction; II. “Les gendarmes ne devaient pas continuer à aller à pied, quand les voleurs courraient à bicyclette”: the New Challenges of Transnational Criminality; III. Elements of an International Social Defence Criminal Policy; IV. Security Measures and the Unification of International Criminal Law; V. Conclusions
Organized Crime: The Road to the Palermo Convention
No full textThis contribution examines the UN Convention against Transnational Organised Crime (UNTOC, Palermo Convention). Standing back from the treaty, it analyses how the converging concerns of European states with cross-border crime and US concerns about the post-Cold War threat posed by organized crime together with a willingness to adopt flexible solutions made agreement on such a broad programmatic instrument possible
Adversarial and Inquisitorial Criminal Procedure
No full textThis contribution examines the distinction between adversarial and inquisitorial systems from a mainly theoretical perspective. This partition, despite some scepticism, continues to play a pivotal role in approaching the study of criminal process (and in understanding still today the cultural and political roots of our societies). The first part (paragraphs I, II and III) is dedicated to the juxtaposition between the two archetypes focusing on their abstract key features. The second part (paragraphs IV and V) examines some historical antecedents representing both the two models, as well as some basic aspects of modern systems inspired either to the adversarial or the inquisitorial tradition. The last part (paragraphs VI and VII) is dedicated to the contamination of the two ideal types in currently existing systems, and to the challenges that may condition the development of the faces of criminal justice in the time ahead
Reply to the Comments on Epistemic Ambitions of the Criminal Trial: Truth, Proof and Rights
Full text linkThis article sets out to reply to the comments by Antony Duff, Sabine Gless, John Jackson and Thomas Weigend on my article «Epistemic Ambitions of the Criminal Trial». It begins by examining the various positions of the commentators to the question of the aim(s) of the criminal trial before going on to consider the limits of instrumentalist and proceduralist approaches and to re-examine the right-based conception of trials. It concludes by considering the implications of this account of criminal trials.This article sets out to reply to the comments by Antony Duff, Sabine Gless, John Jackson and Thomas Weigend on my article «Epistemic Ambitions of the Criminal Trial». It begins by examining the various positions of the commentators to the question of the aim(s) of the criminal trial before going on to consider the limits of instrumentalist and proceduralist approaches and to re-examine the right-based conception of trials. It concludes by considering the implications of this account of criminal trials.This article sets out to reply to the comments by Antony Duff, Sabine Gless, John Jackson and Thomas Weigend on my article «Epistemic Ambitions of the Criminal Trial». It begins by examining the various positions of the commentators to the question of the aim(s) of the criminal trial before going on to consider the limits of instrumentalist and proceduralist approaches and to re-examine the right-based conception of trials. It concludes by considering the implications of this account of criminal trials.This article sets out to reply to the comments by Antony Duff, Sabine Gless, John Jackson and Thomas Weigend on my article «Epistemic Ambitions of the Criminal Trial». It begins by examining the various positions of the commentators to the question of the aim(s) of the criminal trial before going on to consider the limits of instrumentalist and proceduralist approaches and to re-examine the right-based conception of trials. It concludes by considering the implications of this account of criminal trials
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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