33 research outputs found
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK BUNGA KECOMBRANG (Etlingera elatior) TERHADAP BAKTERI (Escherichia coli) MENGGUNAKAN METODE DIFUSI CAKRAM
No full textHutan tropis di Indonesia diperkirakan terdapat 30.000 jenis tumbuhan. Diduga dari jumlah tersebut sekitar 9.600 jenis tumbuhan diketahui berkhasiat sebagai obat. dan bagaimana aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak bunga kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Tumbuhan Kecombrang di buat menjadi ekstrak dengan konsentrasi 10%, 20%,30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, dan 100% uji aktivitas antibakteri. Skrining kandungan metabolit sekunder dari ekstrak bunga kecombrang Etlingera elatior Diketahui kemampuan daya hambat bunga ekstrak kecombrang Etlingera elatior terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli. Jenis dan rancangan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian Eksperimental deskriptif kualitatif, antibakteri Escherichia coli Setelah diamati terlihat bahwa hasil pengukuran zona hambat dari konsentrasi 10 % - 100% yaitu, pada konsentrasi 10% (0 mm), 20% (0 mm) di kategorikan zona tidak menghambat, dan konsentrasi 30% diperoleh nilai rata-rata diameter zona hambat mencapai (7,6) mm, konsentrasi 40% (8,7) mm, di kategorikan zona sedang, konsentrasi 50% (14,13) mm, konsentrasi 60% (15,14) mm, konsentrasi 70% (15,15) mm, konsentrasi 80% (14,13) mm, konsentrasi 90% (16,16 mm), dan konsentrasi 100% (17,16) mm, K+(27,25mm), dikategorikan zona sangat kuat, dan K- (0 mm) zona tidak menghambat. disimpulkan ekstrak etanol bunga kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) mempunyai kemampuan aktivitas untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli.
Kata kunci : Bunga Kecombrang (Etlingera Elatior), Escherichia coli, Difusi cakra
Koncepcja religii i religijności Ronalda Dworkina
No full textArticle presents Ronald Dworkin’s (1931–2013) theory of religion and religio-sity, that claimed, that religion must not mean belief in God. This theory is commented from point of view other researchers (fe. Jan Woleński and Tadeusz Kotarbiński) and certain own considerations of author of work
Rituál a tělesnost: ritologie Ronalda L. Grimese
No full textThe aim of the present paper is to discuss the thin border dividing ritual and non-ritual activity by contrasting two opposing theories of ritualization: one perceiving ritualization as a static phenomenon, the other as a dynamic process. Since the author favors the latter, he stresses the crucial importance of corporeality as the source and vehicle of (embryonic) ritual forms. The article further presents a brief introduction to the work of Ronald L. Grimes, a renown ritologist, who has been practically unknown to both the Czech scholarly and general public. Among other things, Grimes explores the origin, development, and extinction of rituals and their place in modern Euro-American society.The aim of the present paper is to discuss the thin border dividing ritual and non-ritual activity by contrasting two opposing theories of ritualization: one perceiving ritualization as a static phenomenon, the other as a dynamic process. Since the author favors the latter, he stresses the crucial importance of corporeality as the source and vehicle of (embryonic) ritual forms. The article further presents a brief introduction to the work of Ronald L. Grimes, a renown ritologist, who has been practically unknown to both the Czech scholarly and general public. Among other things, Grimes explores the origin, development, and extinction of rituals and their place in modern Euro-American society
FEDERALISM AND THE BALANCE OF POWER: CHINA'S HAN AND TANG DYNASTIES AND THE ROMAN EMPIRE
No full textThis paper compares the institutional history of the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220), Tang Dynasty (AD 618-AD 906) and the Roman Empire (27 BC-AD 476). I document a common institutional reform in all three cases: the central government assumed power to appoint key regional officials and diffused authority across a greater number of regional officials. I argue that this served to increase coordination costs among key regional officials, making rebellion and resistance to central directives more costly. As a result, this institutional reform shifted the balance of power toward the central government, giving it more control. Copyright 2009 The Author. Journal compilation 2009 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Evidence: A Canadian Casebook, 4th ed.
No full textAvailable at Evidence : a Canadian casebook : Stewart, Hamish, author : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archivehttps://commons.allard.ubc.ca/books/1055/thumbnail.jp
Czynniki chorobowe wpływające na proces decyzyjny Ronalda Reagana
No full textMind sobriety and good physical condition contribute to taking accurate and proper decisions by politicians. However, it often happens that political decision-makers do not obey some rules. They pursue political power at all cost, regardless of their health condition. This not only influences them badly but also affects their social decisions. It is often impossible to verify and put off ill politicians, because they providently suppress their trouble. An illness is to a large extent defined as a factor deforming the intentions of political decision-makers. Affected by a strong pain, a politician can make far-reaching concessions only to rest. It is claimed that the older you are the more experience you have to rule. But you also acquire illnesses that should be balanced by experience. It happens that health trouble takes priority in a critical situation. Not without a reason does the author combine the age factor and a pathogen, as the text concerns Ronald Reagan who while taking his presidential office in the White House was almost seventy
Legal Reasoning as Practical Reasoning in John M. Finnis’ New Natural Law Theory
No full textArtykuł prezentuje rozumowanie praktyczne w świetle nowej teorii prawa naturalnego Johna M. Finnisa. Teorię Johna M. Finnisa można nazwać nową teorią prawa naturalnego, ponieważ jego poglądy były kształtowane zarówno przez św. Tomasza z Akwinu, jak też częściowo były zainspirowane nowym jego odczytaniem przez Germaina Griseza. Podstawowym celem artykułu jest analiza koncepcji rozumowania prawniczego jako rozumowania praktycznego, będącej w zamiarze Johna M. Finnisa przede wszystkim mocną krytyką teorii Ronalda Dworkina opartej na założeniu istnienia jednej właściwej odpowiedzi. Według autora tego artykułu, krytyczne podejście Johna M. Finnisa do teorii Ronalda Dworkina prowadzi jego koncepcję rozumowania prawniczego – sformułowaną na fundamencie prawa naturalnego – do stopniowego rozszerzenia o aspekty pozytywistyczne (zbliżenie z poglądami Josepha Raza) oraz aspekty instytucjonalne (zbliżenie z poglądami Neila MacCormicka). Dlatego też teoria rozumowania prawniczego Finnisa wydaje się być modelowym przykładem zbliżenia prawa naturalnego i pozytywizmu prawniczego we współczesnej filozofii prawa.This paper presents practical reasoning in the light of John M. Finnis’ new natural law theory. Finnis’ views were shaped by Aquinas’ thoughts on natural law but he was also strongly inspired by Germain Grisez’ new approach, so his theory could be named a new natural law theory. The aim of this paper is to analyse the concept of legal reasoning as practical reasoning, which Finnis intended mainly as a strong critique of Ronald Dworkin’s theory of legal reasoning based on the concept of the one right answer. According to the author of this paper, Finnis’ critical approach to Dworkin leads to a gradual extension of the former’s concept of legal reasoning to include positivistic aspects (rapprochement with Joseph Raz’ views) and institutional aspects (rapprochement with Neil MacCormick’s views). Therefore, Finnis’ theory of legal reasoning seems to be a model example of the rapprochement between natural law and legal positivism in contemporary philosophy of law
Czy prawo powinno być neutralne moralnie? Uwagi na temat unormowania sztucznej inteligencji
No full textThis article discusses the issues concerning artificial intelligence regulation. The need to regulate artificial intelligence was indicated. The author postulates a morally neutral law for AI algorithms. The proposal to regulate artificial intelligence by means of morally neutral law is based on the philosophy of law theory by Axel Hägerström and Ronald Dworkin. It is about a independence of an artificial intelligence from state power instruments. The study concludes that there is a need to regulate artificial intelligence for the sake of protecting humans from human and AI threats.W niniejszym artykule omówiona została problematyka uregulowania sztucznej inteligencji. Wskazano na potrzebę uregulowania sztucznej inteligencji. Autor postuluje dla algorytmów AI prawo neutralne moralnie. Propozycja uregulowania sztucznej inteligencji w sposób neutralny moralnie opiera się na teorii filozofii prawa Axela Hägerströma i Ronalda Dworkina. Chodzi o niezależność AI od instrumentów władzy państwowej. Wnioskiem opracowania jest konieczność uregulowania sztucznej inteligencji ze względu na zabezpieczenie człowieka przed czynnikiem ludzkim i przed AI
Poetyka widzenia Joanny Ślósarskiej, teoria widzenia Władysława Strzemińskiego, teoria języka Ronalda W. Langackera
No full textThe paper deals with the relation between seeing a picture and talking about a picture. Selected poems by Joanna Ślósarska are juxtaposed with theses put forward by Władysław Strzemiński in his theory of vision and by Ronald Langacker’s in his cognitive theory of language and grammar. In the analytic part of the article, the author discusses fragments of Ślósarska’s poems and extracts from Strzeminski’s monograph on theory of vision and Langacker’s introduction to cognitive grammar.
For Strzemiński, a “single look” of the painter, which implies not more than a single point of view, cannot objectively reflect the essence of an object, because this is impossible. The art of painting – like the art of language – describes the world not as it is but as it seems to be to an observing eye of a particular viewer in a particular context; it is determined by spatial, temporal, cultural and pragmatic parameters. Hence, realism of the object is a fiction: the object viewed is irrevocably determined by the subjective, phenomenological “human factor”.
What brings Strzeminski’s theory of vision close to Langacker’s theory of language and the dimensions of imagery, which Langacker considers to be crucial as linguistic parameters that determine choices made by speakers in view of the nature of the images transmitted in communication: the perspective, the arrangement of figure and ground, the level of salience and the specification. When analysed in the context of cognitive grammar, Ślósarska’s poems become a bridge joining the theories of viewing as proposed by a painter and a linguist and reveal important analogies between the ways that the painter (and the viewer of the painting), a poet (and the reader of poetry) and the theorist of language look at their worlds
Material and postmaterial values expression in Latvia
No full textBakalaura darba mērķis ir izpētīt cik lielā mērā postmateriālisma iezīmes ir raksturīgas Latvijas sabiedrībai un kāda pretrunīga mijiedarbība pastāv starp materiālām- postmateriālām vērtībām un etniskajiem faktoriem.Autore izmantojusi Ronalda Ingleharta un Kristiana Velcela teoriju par postmateriālajām un materiālajām vērtībām.Darbā tika izmantotas gan kvalitatīvās metodes, analizējot sabiedrisko domas aptaujas no 1996.gada līdz 2008. gadam Latvijā
Autore izvirzījusi hipotēzi: Latvijā notiekot vērtību transformācijai materiālistisko un postmateriālistisko vērtību ziņā pastāv atšķirība starp etniskajām grupām.Apkopojot darbā izmantoto informāciju, hipotēze tika apstiprināta.
Atslēgvārdi- Latvija, postmateriālās vērtības, materiālās vērtības, etniskās grupas.Bachelor thesis is to investigate the extent to which post-materialism features are relevant to Latvian society and the conflicting interactions between material-postmaterial values and ethnic factors. Author has used theory of postmaterial and material values by Ronald Inglehart and Christian Welzel. Qualitative methods were used in the work, analysis of public opinion polls from 1996 till 2008.
The author has a hypothesis: in Latvia, during the transformation of post materialistic and materialistic values, there is a significant differences between ethnic groups. Summarizing the information used in the work the hypothesis was confirmed.
Keywords-Latvia: postmaterial values, material values, ethnic groups
