1,721,049 research outputs found
INTERO: an Interoperability Model for Large Systems
No full textInteroperability is one of the key challenges in present and future software-intensive systems that are large, distributed, and increasingly built as integration of existing and third parties components or systems, of legacy parts, and of newly developed parts. Moreover, such systems evolve over time due to different reasons, e.g., features are added, changed or removed, new protocols are supported, standards are changed, refactoring.To help large companies identifying how to manage and improve interoperability among their evolving software systems, our objective is to develop an interoperability model for large systems by focusing on software development.Our method to conceive and evaluate the model is through a tight collaboration among two universities and five large international companies.The results of our work are the INTERO model and the INTERO evaluation framework. They permit to analyse the specific interoperability problem, to conceive strategies to enhance interoperability, and finally to re-evaluate the problem in order to understand whether there is an improvement in terms of software interoperability
Automated synthesis of application-layer connectors from automata-based specifications
No full textUbiquitous and Pervasive Computing, and the Internet of Things, promote dynamic interaction among heterogeneous systems. To achieve this vision, interoperability among heterogeneous systems represents a key enabler, and mediators are often built to solve protocol mismatches. Many approaches propose the synthesis of mediators. Unfortunately, a rigorous characterization of the concept of interoperability is still lacking, hence making hard to assess their applicability and soundness. In this paper, we provide a framework for the synthesis of mediators that allows us to: (i) characterize the conditions for the mediator existence and correctness; and (ii) establish the applicability boundaries of the synthesis method.</p
ROUTE: A Framework for Customizable Smart Mobility Planners
No full textMultimodal journey planners are used worldwide to support travelers in planning and executing their journeys. Generated travel plans usually involve local mobility service providers, consider some travelers’ preferences, and provide travelers information about the routes’ current status and expected delays. However, those planners cannot fully consider the special situations of individual cities when providing travel planning services. Specifically, authorities of different cities might define customizable regulations or constraints of movements in the cities (e.g., due to construction works or pandemics). Moreover, with the transformation of traditional cities into smart cities, travel planners could leverage advanced monitoring features. Finally, most planners do not consider relevant information impacting travel plans, for instance, information that might be provided by travelers (e.g., a crowded square) or by mobility service providers (e.g., changing the timetable of a bus). To address the aforementioned shortcomings, in this paper, we propose ROUTE, a framework for customizable smart mobility planners that better serve the needs of travelers, local authorities, and mobility service providers in the dynamic ecosystem of smart cities. ROUTE is composed of an architecture, a process, and a prototype developed to validate the feasibility of the framework. Experiments’ results show that the framework scales well in both centralized and distributed deployment settings
Exploring the User Experience in Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems
No full textTyp 1-diabetes kräver ordentlig uppsyn dag och natt för att upprätthålla ett fungerande
liv. Idag använder människor allt oftare kontinuerlig glukosövervakning (CGM) för att
hantera sin diabetessjukdom. Detta system mäter blodsockernivån genom en sensor som
placeras på användarens hud. Användaren skannar sedan sensorn med en handenhet eller
mobilapplikation för att läsa av den nuvarande blodsockernivån och i vilken riktning
blodsockret är på väg. Forskare föreslår att för att kunna skapa den bästa
användarupplevelsen för diabetespatienter måste designers verkligen förstå användarna och
hur de interagerar med sina CGM-system, vilket är målet med denna studie.
Problemen med nuvarande CGM-system är att i många fall upplevs navigeringsstrukturen
som otydlig och att det finns brister i användarupplevelsen. På grund av sjukdomens
komplexitet är kategorisering i navigeringen avgörande för att användarna ska kunna förstå
gränssnittet. Det här är ett område som de flesta studier tar upp, men en väl utformad
lösning har ännu inte presenterats. Den centrala delen för att användarna ska kunna förstå
informationen är genom att involvera slutanvändare i designprocessen. Medicinsk
information kan vara svår att förstå och när denna information presenteras kan användaren
få en känsla av ”information overload”. Patienterna vill ha ett väl utformat verktyg för att
hantera sin sjukdom. Tidigare studier visar även att patienter vill ha ett system för alla
sina behov, ett så kallat ”system of systems”, snarare än flera separata system.
Denna studie syftar till att undersöka tre av de tillgängliga produkterna på den svenska
marknaden för att förstå användarens behov och användarupplevelsen av dessa produkter.
Genom en intervju och enkätundersökning med slutanvändare samlas data in för att
utvärdera de produkter som används idag. Resultatet från den första fasen analyseras och
fynden lägger sedan grund för nästa fas, där en prototyp utvecklas. Prototypen är
utformad för att validera resultatet av den nya navigeringsstrukturen och
användarupplevelsen utifrån de problemområden som uppgetts i första fasen av studien.
Valideringen görs genom ytterligare en enkätundersökning där deltagarna får jämföra sin
nuvarande produkt med den utvecklade prototypen, i samband med de förutbestämda
frågorna i System Usability Scale (SUS).
Denna studie visar på att det är möjligt att skapa en bättre navigationsstruktur och
informationspresentation med gestaltlagarna i åtanke. Dock påpekas även behovet av att
utföra ytterligare forskning av den tekniska lösning som krävs för att möjliggöra ett
“system of system” för CGM-systemen.
Sökord: Användarbehov, Användarupplevelse, Design, Diabetes, Kontinuerlig GlukosövervakningType 1 diabetes requires proper supervision day and night to maintain a healthy living. To
manage diabetes research shows that people today more often use Continuous Glucose
Monitoring (CGM). This system measures the blood glucose levels through a sensor
placed on the users' skin. The user then scans the sensor with a hand device or mobile
application to get a reading of current blood glucose level and in which direction the levels
are heading. Researchers suggest that to be able to create the best user experience
solution for diabetes patients, the designers truly need to understand the users and the
way that they interact with their monitoring systems, which is the goal of this study.
The problems with current diabetes monitoring systems are, in most cases, the unclear
structure of the navigation and lack of thoughtful and meaningful user experience. Due to
the complexity of the disease, labeling is vital to make users understand the interface.
This is an area that most studies acknowledge, but a well thought out solution has not yet
been presented. The central part of making users understand the information is to involve
end users in the design process. Medical information can be hard to grasp and when a lot
of information is presented it can lead to information overload. Patients want a well-designed tool to help manage their disease. Previous studies show that patients want to
have one system for all their functions, a so-called system of systems, rather than having
multiple ones.
This study aims to examine three of the available products on the Swedish market to
understand the user needs and the user experience of these products. Through
interviews and surveys with end users, data is collected to evaluate currently used products.
The data from the first phase is analyzed and findings then lay the foundation for the next
phase, where a prototype is made. The prototype is designed to validate the findings of
user-needs in terms of navigation structure and user experience from the first phase. The
validation is conducted through a second survey where the end users are asked to compare
currently used product versus the prototype, alongside with the predetermined questions in
System Usability Scale (SUS).
The results show that user experience in CGM systems needs further development to
make the patients satisfied with the way that they can manage their disease. This study
suggests that by designing with the gestalt laws in mind, a better navigation structure and
information presentation is possible. But also suggests that future research within the
technical solution of making the CGM systems to a system of system, is required.
Keywords: Continuous Glucose Monitoring, Design, Diabetes, User Experience, User-Need
Towards an Efficient Storage-as-a-Service solution for IoT Sensor Data
No full textMed de ökande mängderna data som genereras av enheter och tjänster av Internet of Things har behovet av effektiv och skalbar lagring uppkommit. Idag erbjuder större företag som Google och Amazon molnlagring som en tjänst för såväl individer som företag att hantera sin data. Det finns dock ett antal startups som vill utveckla IoT-plattformar och tjänster och de behöver därför lagring som kan hantera sin data. De lösningar som erbjuds kan bli dyra, eftersom efterfrågan på lagring ökar vilket inte är ett alternativ för ett startup med begränsad finansiering. Även om många av dessa startups har kunskap gällande utvecklingen av system inom IoT-området, besitter de inte den kunskap som är nödvändig för att utveckla lagringstjänster på egen hand.
Genom att kunna utveckla en effektiv lagringslösning skulle dessa företag inte behöva förvärva kunskap om Azure och / eller AWS, de blir mer kostnadseffektiva och kan ge mer resurser till att utveckla sina tjänster. För att lösa denna utmaning genomförde vi en fallstudie med ett startup kallat Sensative, baserat i Lund, Sverige. Företaget har flera kunder som är intresserade av att mäta såväl hushållsförbrukning av vatten, som el och värme för att tillhandahålla debiteringsunderlag. En Storage-as-a-Service lösning skulle kunna möjliggöra för tjänsteleverantörer att utveckla sina tjänster samt koppla samman dessa med plattformar som för närvarande används och uppfylla behoven hos företagets kunder. För att urskilja kraven genomförde vi intervjuer med utvecklare hos fallföretaget och en av sina kunder. Vi analyserade också provdata producerad av deras IoT-sensorer och till sist jämförde vi alla våra resultat med resultaten från vår litteraturstudie. Detta resulterade i flera utmaningar och behov som hur man lagrar tidsseriedata, hanterar tillgänglighet och behovet av redundans. Denna studie syftar till att komma fram med ett förslag till en arkitektur utifrån resultaten från fallstudien och litteraturstudien. Syftet med förslaget är att verka som ett första steg mot en effektiv lagringstjänst, vilket möjliggör för startups att själva implementera en sådan lösning.With the increasing amounts of data generated by Internet of Things devices and services the need for efficient and scalable storage has presented itself. Today, bigger companies like Google and Amazon are providing cloud storage as a service to individuals as well as companies to handle their data. However, there are a number of startups looking to develop IoT platforms and services and they are therefore in need of storage that can handle their data. The solutions offered could become expensive as the demand for storage increases which is not an option for a startup with limited funding or other limitations. Although many of these startups possess knowledge regarding the development of systems in the field of IoT they do not have the necessary knowledge to develop storage services on their own.
By being able to develop an efficient storage solution, these companies would not be required to acquire knowledge regarding Azure and/or AWS, they become more cost-efficient and can put more resources into developing their services. To solve this challenge, we conducted a case study with a startup company called Sensative based in Lund, Sweden. The company have several clients interested in measuring household consumption of water, electricity and heat to provide a charging basis which is used as a basis for invoices. A Storage-as-a-Service solution would allow service providers to develop such a service, adding it to the platforms currently in use and fulfill the needs of the companies’ clients. To discern the challenges they were facing, we conducted interviews with developers at the case company and one of their clients. We also analyzed sample data produced by their IoT sensors and lastly, we compared all our findings to the results from our literature study. This resulted in several challenges and needs such as how to store time-series data, how to handle accessibility and the need for redundancy. This study aims to emerge with a proposal for an architecture based on the findings from the case study and literature study. The purpose of the proposal is to act as a first step towards an efficient Storage-as-a-Service solution, allowing startups to implement such a solution themselves
A Theory of Mediating Connectors to achieve Interoperability
No full textSystems populating the Ubiquitous Computing environment are characterized by an often extreme level of heterogeneity at different layers which prevents their seamless interoperability. In this environment, heterogeneous protocols would cooperate to reach some common goal even though they meet dynamically and do not have a priori knowledge of each other. Although numerous efforts have been done in the literature, the automated and run-time interoperability is still an open challenge for such environment. Therefore, this thesis focuses on overcoming the interoperability problem between heterogeneous protocols in the Ubiquitous Computing. In particular, we aim at providing a means to drop the interoperability barriers by automatically eliciting a way for the protocols to interact. The solution we propose is the automated synthesis of emerging mediating connectors (also called mediators or connectors). Specifically, we concentrate our efforts to: (i) devising AMAzING, a process to synthesize mediators, (ii) characterizing protocol mismatches and related mediator patterns, and (iii) designing MediatorS, a theory of mediating connectors. The theory, and the process, are put in practice by applying them to a real world application, and have been adopted by the European Research Project CONNECT
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