35 research outputs found
KASSIAN CEPHAS: FOTOGRAFER PRIBUMI PERTAMA MASA HINDIA BELANDA (1845-1912)
No full textPenelitian ini membahas tentang Kassian Cephas, fotografer pribumi pertama di Hindia Belanda pada periode 1845-1912. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana teknologi fotografi pertama kali diperkenalkan di Indonesia dan memahami bagaimana Cephas, mampu menguasai teknologi baru dan menggunakannya untuk menciptakan karya-karyanya. Penulisan skripsi ini menggunakan metode sejarah menurut kuntowijoyo yaitu: (1) pemilihan topik, (2) pengumpulan sumber, (3) verifikasi (kritik Sejarah terhadap keabsahan sumber), (4) interpretasi, dan (5) penulisan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Cephas memainkan peran penting dalam memperkenalkan dan memajukan fotografi di Hindia Belanda. Dia tidak hanya menguasai teknik fotografi yang canggih untuk masanya, tetapi juga berhasil menerapkannya dalam berbagai konteks, termasuk dokumentasi kehidupan dan budaya Jawa. Cephas mendapatkan pengakuan baik dari kraton Yogyakarta maupun pemerintah Belanda, dan karyanya menjadi dokumen sejarah dan budaya yang penting. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa Kassian Cephas, sebagai fotografer pribumi pertama, telah memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap perkembangan fotografi dan dokumentasi sejarah dan budaya di Indonesia. Penelitian ini berharap dapat memberikan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang sejarah fotografi di Indonesia dan peran penting fotografer pribumi dalam proses tersebut.
Kata Kunci: Kassian Cephas, Fotografi, Hindia Belanda, Budaya Jawa.
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This study examines the life and work of Kassian Cephas, the first indigenous photographer in the Dutch East Indies during the period of 1845-1912. The aim of this research is to describe how photography technology was first introduced in Indonesia and to understand how Cephas mastered this new technology and used it to create his works. This thesis employs Kuntowijoyo's historical method, which consists of: (1) topic selection, (2) source gathering, (3) verification (historical criticism of source validity), (4) interpretation, and (5) writing. The results of this study demonstrate that Cephas played a crucial role in introducing and advancing photography in the Dutch East Indies. He not only mastered advanced photographic techniques for his time but also successfully applied them in various contexts, including documenting Javanese life and culture. Cephas gained recognition from both the Yogyakarta kraton and the Dutch government, and his work became significant historical and cultural documents. The conclusion of this research is that Kassian Cephas, as the first indigenous photographer, made significant contributions to the development of photography and the documentation of history and culture in Indonesia. This study hopes to provide a deeper understanding of the history of photography in Indonesia and the important role of indigenous photographers in the process.
Keywords: Kassian Cephas, Photography, Dutch East Indies, Javanese Culture
Komunitas Adat Kampung Mahmud di Tengah Arus Perubahan
No full textAbstrakKampung Mahmud adalah sebuah kampung adat yang masyarakatnyateguh memegang dan melaksanakan tradisi yang diwarisi dari leluhurnya. Namunarus modernisasi ternyata membawa dampak terhadap kehidupan sosial budayamasyarakat setempat yang sudah mulai menampakkan perubahan. Beberapatradisi yang semula dipegang teguh oleh warga komunitas Kampung Mahmud, kinimulai melonggar. Komunitas adat ini berdomisili di wilayah Kabupaten Bandung.Penelitian ini mencoba mengkaji perubahan-perubahan pada aspek-aspek sosialdan budaya yang terjadi di kalangan komunitas adat Kampung Mahmud. Metodepenelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatandeskriptif analisis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara terbuka denganbeberapa tokoh masyarakat dan warga komunitas terpilih, serta pengamatan langsungdi lapangan (observasi). AbstractKampung (village) Mahmud is an adat kampung that strictly preserves theircustoms inherited from their ancestors. But, modernization has given strong impactsto the community in terms of socio-cultural life which has gradually changed. Someof their traditions have become loosened. This adat commuity lives in KabupatenBandung. The research tries to study socio-cultural changes that has occurredamongst adat community of Kampung Mahmud. The author has conducted aqualitative method with descriptive approach. Data were collected through openedinterview with several key persons and selected community member as well asobservation.</jats:p
Persepsi Orang Tua Tentang Pembelajaran Calistung Bagi Anak Usia Dini Di RA Quhas Kindergarten Kota Jambi
No full textThe aim of this study is to describe parents' perceptions of calistung learning (reading, writing, and arithmetic) for early childhood. This research type is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. Research data was obtained from closed questionnaires by distributing questionnaires to respondents via a Google form. The study employed nonprobability/nonrandom sampling, with 45 parents of children serving as respondents. The average indicator of parents' perceptions of reading comprehension for early childhood is 35.28 %, which falls into the "deficient" category, the average indicator of parents' perception of writing comprehension for early childhood, which falls into the "deficient" category, and the average indicator of parents' perceptions of numeracy comprehension for early childhood, which falls into the "deficient" category
TRADISI MEMBANGUN RUMAH DALAM KAJIAN KEARIFAN LOKAL (STUDI KASUS PADA MASYARAKAT ADAT KAMPUNG DUKUH)
No full textAbstrakKeberadaan masyarakat adat di tengah arus modernisasi dan globalisasi dewasa ini oleh sementara orang dipandang sebagai suatu hal yang unik dan janggal. Di tengah arus globalisasi, di mana orang sibuk dengan konsep-konsep dan pemikiran modern, masyarakat adat berusaha untuk tetap melaksanakan dan memelihara tradisinya. Melalui kajian-kajian antropologis terungkap bahwa tradisi-tradisi yang dikukuhi masyarakat adat tersebut ternyata sarat dengan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal, khususnya di dalam konteks hubungan manusia dengan ligkungannya, baik lingkungan alam, sosial, dan lingkungan budaya. Hal inilah yang melatarbelakangi penulis untuk melakukan penelitian ini. Melalui penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif, penulis memaparkan berbagai fenomena alam, sosial dan budaya, apa yang dialami, diketahui, dilihat, dirasakan, dan dipikirkan oleh masyarakat adat Kampung Dukuh terhadap fenomena-fenomena alam dan kondisi geografis yang mereka hadapi sehari-hari. Fenomena-fenomena alam dan budaya ini diinterpretasikan dan kemudian melahirkan tradisi yang sarat dengan kearifan lokal. Tradisi ini juga mewarnai aktivitas membangun rumah di kalangan masyarakat Kampung Dukuh, mulai dari penggunaan bahan, ritual-ritual, dan pantangan-pantangan adat. AbstractThe existence of indigenous peoples in the midst of modernization and globalization recently viewed as a unique and awkward by some people. In the midst of globalization, where people are busy with the modern concepts and ideas, indigenous people seek to continue thetraditions implementation and maintaining. Through anthropological studies revealed that the traditions of the indigenous peoples turns loaded with the values of local wisdom, particularly in the context of human relationships with environment, natural environment, social and cultural environment. Those phenomena are the background to conduct this research. By employing a qualitative study using descriptive method, the author describes the various natural phenomena, social and cultural;also,what thing is experienced, known, seen, felt, and thought by the traditional villagers of KampungDuku toward natural phenomena and geographical conditions that they face daily. Natural phenomena and culture is interpreted and subsequently deliver to a tradition which is loaded with local knowledge. This tradition also colorthe activity of homes buildingin the community of KampungDukuh, ranging from the use of materials, rituals, taboos and customs.</jats:p
LEGENDA-LEGENDA KERAMAT DI KAWASAN SANCANG KABUPATEN GARUT (Studi tentang Kearifan Lokal)
No full textAbstrakDalam studi-studi kebudayaan, legenda menempati posisi yang cukup penting mengingat fungsi dan peranannya yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Melalui pengkajian terhadap legenda, akan diperoleh gambaran yang komprehensif mengenai kondisi sosial budaya suatu masyarakat, terkait sikap dan pandangan, serta perilaku ritualnya. Hutan Sancang yang berada di kawasan Garut Selatan, menyimpan banyak misteri legenda yang mempengaruhi sikap hidup masyarakat di sekitarnya. Pandangan-pandangan sakral mereka tentang hutan Sancang serta kebesaran leluhur mereka, Prabu siliwangi, telah melahirkan sikap yang memuliakan alam. Berbagai tabu atau pantangan adat lahir dari sikap dan pandangan sakral terhadap hutan dan karuhun. Penelitian ini mencoba mengkaji beberapa legenda yang hidup di kalangan masyarakat di kawasan hutan Sancang, terkait dengan legenda leluhur orang Sunda, Prabu Siliwangi, yang telah melahirkan kearifan lokal masyarakat setempat dalam menyikapi dan melestarikan lingkungan alamnya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif analisis. Melalui pendekatan ini, setiap fenomena sosial dan budaya yang didapati di lapangan dideskripsikan untuk kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori-teori yang sudah ada. AbstractIn cultural studies, legends have very important position considering the importance of their roles and functions in the life of a society. By studying legends we can gain a comprehensive description of socio-cultural condition of a society in relation to their ritual attitudes, views and behaviours. The forest of Sancang, which is located in southern Garut, has many mystery legends that influence people of the surroundingareas. Their belief in the sanctity of Sancang and the majesty of their ancestor, Prabu (King) Siliwangi, has resulted in glorifying Mother Nature. It is reflected in various taboos that were formed on the basis of attitude towards the sanctity of forest and ancestors. This research tries to study some legends that live among the people living around the forest of Sancang, especially the ones that have something to do with the ancestor of the Sundanese, Prabu Siliwangi). The legends have guided the people to create their local wisdom in facing and preserving Mother Nature around them. The author conducted qualitative method with descriptive analytical approach, through which every socio-cultural phenomenon is described and analyzed.</jats:p
Holistic Evaluation of Islamic Education Programs: Implications of the Kirkpatrick Model in Character-Based Learning
No full textEvaluation of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning programs often emphasizes only the cognitive aspects, neglecting the affective and spiritual dimensions, which are crucial for Islamic character formation. This gap highlights the need for a model that encompasses behavioral and spiritual transformation. Kirkpatrick's model, with its four levels of reaction, learning, behavior, and outcomes, offers a comprehensive framework. This study examines its relevance for PAI evaluation, with its novelty in contextual adaptation through the integration of Islamic values such as muraqabah (introspection) and ikhlas (sincerity) to authentically measure spiritual change. Using descriptive qualitative methods through literature analysis, the results show that this model encompasses PAI dimensions from perception to social impact. Despite challenges in affective measurement, the model is relatively effective when adapted. Its integration strengthens PAI evaluation toward transformative education. Practically, this implies that the development of instruments such as behavioral rubrics and tracking for the curriculum can have an impact. However, this research is limited to a literature review and has not been empirically tested in a real-world setting
Analysis of Legal Certainty Aspects in Indonesian Marriage Registration Rule
No full textThis paper examines the legal certainty aspects of marriage registration regulations in Indonesia. The controversy over whether or not a marriage is lawful without registration is still ongoing, depending on how Article 2 of Act No. 1/1974 regulating marriage is interpreted. The research method used in writing this paper is a literature study with normative legal research and descriptive analysis. Using the legal certainty aspect approach, the author analyzes various laws and regulations regarding marriage registration objectively. According to the findings of this study, the Marriage Act requires that every marriage be documented or registered by the marriage registration officer. However, Presidential Regulation (PERPRES) Number 96 of 2018 and Minister of Home Affairs Regulation (PERMENDAGRI) Number 9 of 2016 provide an alternative for those whose marriages have not been documented to create various population administrations by attaching a Statement of Absolute Responsibility (SPTJM). These two contradicting requirements have generated legal uncertainty in Indonesian marriage registration
Peran Penghulu Adat Terhadap Pembelaan Kepemilikan Tanah Adat di Kecamatan Pangean Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi
No full textIn Pangean subdistrict there are four tribes, or four quarters, namely Paliang tribe, Malay tribe, Camin tribe (mirror), and Mandailiang tribe (Mandahiling) led by four indigenous leaders (Pangulu Nan Barompek). Pangulu Nan Barompek in the traditional structure of Pangean is the highest leader in the tribe. In carrying out his duties Pangulu Nan Barompek not only deals with internal affairs, but also in exit (extern) business. The existence of the Indigenous Peoples is very important, because in addition to managing, maintaining and regulating the utilization of customary land, adat Penghulu also play a role in the defense of the customary land ownership in the event of a dispute. The problem in this research is how is the role of indigenous penghulu on the defense of customary land ownership in Pangean Subdistrict Kuantan Singingi and whether the obstacles of adat penghulu in defending the ownership of customary land in Pangean Subdistrict Kuantan Singingi District. The research method used in this research is observational research with survey or field research, whereas the nature of this research is descriptive, which means to give a detailed description of the role and obstacle of indigenous penghulu to the defense of customary land ownership in Pangean District of Kuantan Singingi District. Data collection tool in this research is questionnaire and interview. From the results of the research the author did that the role of the indigenous penghulu to the defense of customary land ownership in Pangean Subdistrict of Kuantan Regency Singing is not maximal, because of the lack of public trust towards the penghulu itself. As in community conflict with PT. Citra Riau Sarana 2008 ago, where the role of indigenous institutions here is not visible, due to lack of understanding of land, especially land law and ulayat rights. The obstacles of the Customers in defense of customary land ownership in Pangean District of Kuantan Singingi are: 1) lack of attention of local government of Kuantan Singingi on land ownership in case of conflict, 2) limited budget of fund in resolving conflict causing Penghulu difficult to move, 3) the people's trust towards the Penghulu has led to the removal of the Penghulu as an indigenous institution in resolving defending the ownership of customary land in Pangean subdistrict in the event of a conflict, 4) less participation and contribution from the Pangean subdistrict community in resolving the conflict
Program pembiasaan berbahasa Arab di MTs Pondok Pesantren Al-Ma'tuq Sukabumi
No full textThe Arabic-speaking environment has an important role in the development of science and student learning materials in the classroom. The lack of extracurricular activities that can support the ability of students to form an Arabic-speaking environment and the low tendency of students to Arabic, even many of them have the impression that learning Arabic is more difficult than learning other foreign languages, are factors of the problem. in the development of the Arabic language of students. In addition, the concern of an educator who is limited to learning in the classroom, without paying attention to the habituation of Arabic in his environment, is a separate problem factor in the habit of speaking Arabic. With this background, the author is interested in researching Arabic language habituation programs that can form students' habits of speaking Arabic easily. The focus of the research is on Islamic boarding schools; namely MTs Pesantren Al-Ma'tuq Sukabumi. In this study, the author uses a type of qualitative research, namely by collecting data obtained from observations, interviews, documentation, analysis, field notes. Researchers perform data analysis by multiplying information, looking for relationships to various sources, comparing, and finding results on the basis of actual data. After doing the research, the results obtained: the concept of the Arabic language habituation program at MTs Pondok Pesantren Al-Ma'tuq. This started from the purpose of Arabic language habituation, the planning process, activity programs, and evaluation techniques for evaluating activity programs. This study recommends educational institutions and educators to implement Arabic language habituation programs for students in the school environment.AbstrakLingkungan berbahasa Arab memiliki peran penting dalam pengembangan keilmuan dan materi pembelajaran siswa di dalam kelas. Minimnya kegiatan-kegiatan ekstrakurikuler yang dapat menunjang kemampuan peserta didik dalam membentuk lingkungan berbahasa Arab serta kecenderungan peserta didik yang rendah terhadap bahasa Arab, bahkan banyak di antara mereka yang memiliki kesan bahwa belajar bahasa Arab itu lebih sulit dibandingkan dengan belajar bahasa asing lainnya, menjadi faktor permasalahan dalam pengembangan bahasa Arab peserta didik. Selain itu, kepedulian seorang pendidik yang terbatas pada pembelajaran di kelas, tanpa memperhatikan pembiasaan berbahasa Arab di lingkungannya, menjadi faktor permasalahan tersendiri dalam pembiasaan berbahasa Arab. Dengan latar belakang tersebut, penulis tertarik untuk meneliti program-program pembiasaan berbahasa Arab yang dapat membentuk kebiasaan peserta didik berbicara bahasa Arab dengan mudah. Fokus penelitian tersebut berada di pesantren; yaitu MTs Pesantren Al-Ma'tuq Sukabumi. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif, yaitu dengan mengumpulkan data yang didapat dari hasil pengamatan, wawancara, dokumentasi, analisis, catatan lapangan. Peneliti melakukan analisis data dengan memperbanyak informasi, mencari hubungan ke berbagai sumber, membandingkan, dan menemukan hasil atas dasar data sebenarnya. Setelah dilakukan penelitian diperoleh hasil: konsep program pembiasaan berbahasa Arab di MTs Pondok Pesantren Al-Ma'tuq. Hal tersebut berawal dari tujuan pembiasaan berbahasa Arab, proses perencanaan, program-program kegiatan, serta teknik evaluasi penilaian program kegiatan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan kepada lembaga pendidikan dan para pendidik, agar menerapkan program pembiasaan berbahasa Arab kepada peserta didik di lingkungan sekolah
