1,721,144 research outputs found
Arts and design as translational mechanisms for academic entrepreneurship: The metaLAB at Harvard case study
Full text linkThis paper proposes arts and design as translational mechanisms to connect and align stakeholders, particularly in the context of academic entrepreneurship where multiple stakeholders with different expertise and interests work together in joint endeavors. Insights gathered from an ethnographic investigation carried out at metaLAB - an academic laboratory located at Harvard University (Cambridge, MA, USA) - build the empirical foundation. Findings show that various forms of arts and design (including poetry, photography, art installations, motion graphics videos, data visualization) play an important role in connecting metaLAB to external stakeholders and in activating multiple value drivers. The adoption of arts- and design-based initiatives allows the translation of different needs and wants of stakeholders into shared meanings, but also supports emotional and cognitive engagement and creative and divergent viewpoints. This paper contributes to existing studies focusing on how arts-based initiatives can support organizations in exploiting their potential for organizational value creation
N(3)-protection of thymidine with Boc for an easy synthetic access to sugar-alkylated nucleoside analogs
No full textThe use of Boc as a nucleobase-protecting group in the synthesis of sugar-modified thymidine analogs is reported. Boc was easily inserted at N(3) by a simple and high-yielding reaction and found to be stable to standard treatments for the removal of Ac and tBuMe2Si (TBDMS) groups, as well as to ZnBr2-mediated 4,4′-dimethoxytrityl (DMTr) deprotection. Boc Protection proved to be completely resistant to the strong basic conditions required to regioselectively achieve O-alkylation, therefore, providing synthetic access to a variety of sugar-alkylated nucleoside analogs. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, two 3′-O-alkylated thymidine analogs have been synthesized in high overall yields and fully characterized
Design, Synthesis and Characterization of novel amphiphilicGuanosine-based Nucleolipids
No full textThe synthetic strategy to obtain a library of diverse ribose-modified amphiphilic guanosine analogs has been presente
Knowledge translation mechanisms in open innovation: the role of design in R&D projects
Full text linkPurpose
This paper aims to investigate the role of design as a knowledge translation mechanism in R&D-oriented open innovation. In particular, the paper intends to look at how design can be used as a means of knowledge transfer among various stakeholders who speak different languages and have divergent needs and interests in a process where knowledge openly flew across the boundaries of a high number of organizations.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper combines the insights from theory with the empirical evidences gathered by adopting an extreme case study approach: the detailed analysis of a case study related to an R&D project funded by the European Commission and aimed to investigate and produce innovative serious games in the area of healthcare. The project gathered a large number of stakeholders and deliberately adopted design to support an open innovation approach.
Findings
The paper provides insights into the use of design outputs such as artifacts, sketches, visual representations or prototypes to translate ideas, theoretical and technical requirements, documents and outputs into formats that can be more easily understood and appreciated by various stakeholders. This supports and favors coordination in open innovation projects where many different stakeholders are engaged in.
Research limitations/implications
Although the adoption of an extreme case study approach offers important implications to understand the role of design in R&D-oriented open innovation, the use of a single case study represents the basis both to explore hypothesis and to provide first evidences that need to be further tested with other qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Practical implications
The paper offers practical implications about how design can help individuals and organizations involved in R&D activities to better communicate and share knowledge among various stakeholders by aligning their different needs, interests and languages along the various phases of their project development.
Originality/value
The originality of the paper lays at the intersection of three different fields: open innovation, knowledge management and design for innovation, thus integrating mature, but so far isolated, research streams. It provides insights for theory building by explaining the use of design as knowledge translational mechanism as well as it informs the practice by highlighting the power of design as a mean to support knowledge flows into open innovation-based R&D projects
On the compatibility of azides in phosphoramidite-based couplings: a 31P-NMR study
No full textThe compatibility of azido alcohols as coupling agents in phosphoramidite synthetic protocols was investigated in solution by 31P NMR spectroscopy, monitoring the standard coupling of a nucleoside 3’-phosphoramidite with suitable model alcohols and azides
Design and Synthesis of novel amphiphilic Guanosine-based Nucleolipids
No full textWe here describe the preparation of a small library of amphiphilic guanosine derivatives, functionalized with fatty acids or lipid derivatives at the 2’ and 3’-OH moieties and incorporating different hydrophilic group at the 5’-OH position, starting from a common key intermediate through simple and high yielding manipulations. Most derivatives have showed peculiar gelling abilities in polar solvents, as methanol, ethanol and acetonitrile. Detailed characterization of their structural and self-aggregation properties, and of their biological activity, either in the presence or in the absence of metal cations, is currently underway in our laboratories
Identifying leverage points for systemic change:A strategic approach using PLR and Theory of Change
No full textTheory of Change (ToC) has been criticized for a tendency to oversimplify complex contexts and their respective solutions. This chapter aims at (i) examining whether the use of a systemic mapping technique – in conjunction with ToC – can be a way to counteract this tendency towards oversimplification, and (ii) exploring how the two mapping techniques complement each other. Both techniques are applied to a co-modality case where their compatibility with each other is explored. Our findings show that the personal-local-remote (PLR) syntax and ToC do have a complementary functionality with each other, where PLR maps the experience ecosystem and identifies potential leverage points. These leverage points are then explored with ToC in order to find multiple strategic solutions and define them. The combination of both methods allows for a more dynamic and emerging approach to working with systemic change than what is traditionally found in work connected to ToC.<br/
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Adopting a design approach to translate needs and interests of stakeholders in academic entrepreneurship: The MIT Senseable City Lab case
No full textRecent research calls for greater consideration of design, by considering it further from the perspective of technology innovation management. In the attempt to cover this gap, the paper intends to explore how design can be used to support translational processes that connect and align different stakeholders in academic entrepreneurship. Insights from the investigation of the processes adopted by Senseable City Lab - an academic lab at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA) - will demonstrate how various design artefacts - sketches, visualizations, prototypes - are used to support several semiotic translations aimed at multiple stakeholders. Findings will show that design can play a relevant role in fostering entrepreneurial activities and value creation in academia, by supporting the translation of the different needs and interests of stakeholders into a shared meaning that allows a coordinated way of working. The conceptualization of design as a form of translation allows bridging currently distinct research strands in design and entrepreneurship
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