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Analisis Penyelesaian Perbatasan Laut Antara Peru dengan Chili yang Diselesaikan Oleh Mahkamah Internasional (ICJ)
Full text linkThe law of the sea is very instrumental in limiting the areas of sea, land, and waters of a country. The sea is a road that is very often used to connect one country with other countries for trade and even for the benefit of others. On the other hand, the existence of international sea law protects natural resources from being misused. The International Court of Justice resolves disputes between member states. It also provides opinions or advice to official bodies and specialized agencies established by the United Nations. In the performance of its duties, the International Court of Justice refers to international conventions to establish cases recognized by the states in dispute. The ICJ is also guided by international customs that are evidence of general practice.Hukum laut sangat berperan untuk membatasi daerah-daerah laut, daratan dan perairan suatu negara. Laut merupakan jalan yang sangat sering digunakan untuk menghubungkan suatu negara dengan negara lain untuk kepentingan perdagangan bahkan untuk kepentingan yang lainnya. Disisi lain, adanya hukum laut internasional melindungi sumber daya alam agar tidak disalahgunakan. Mahkamah Internasional menyelesaikan sengketa antar negara anggota. Lembaga ini juga memberikan pendapat atau nasihat kepada badan-badan resmi dan lembaga khusus yang dibentuk oleh PBB. Dalam pelaksanaan tugasnya, Mahkamah Internasional mengacu pada konvensi-konvensi internasional untuk menetapkan perkara yang diakui oleh negara-negara yang sedang bersengketa. ICJ juga berpedoman pada kebiasaan internasional yang menjadi bukti praktik umum
Penerapan Sanksi Pidana Dengan Ancaman Minimum Khusus Pada Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 Dalam Perkara Tindak Pidana Korupsi (Studi Di Pengadilan Tindak Pidana Korupsi Surabaya)
Full text linkPada skripsi ini penulis mengangkat mengenai penerapan sanksi pidana minimum khusus pada pasal 3 yang dijatuhkan pada pengadilan tindak pidana korupsi di Surabaya pada Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 Tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi, hakim dapat menjatuhkan hukuman minimum khusus dari pasal tersebut yaitu 1 tahun denda Rp. 50.000.000,00.
Berdasarkan hal tersebut diatas, karya tulis ini mengangkat rumusan masalah (1) Apa yang menjadi Dasar Pertimbangan di Pengadilan tindak pidana korupsi Surabaya dalam menjatuhkan putusan minimum khusus tindak pidana korupsi? (2) Bagaimana pendapat Hakim di dalam putusan minimum khusus dalam perkara tindak pidana korupsi?
Kemudian penulisan karya tulis ini menggunakan metode yuridis empiris. Penelitian Yuridis Empiris yaitu mengkaji peraturan perUndang-undangan dan menghubungkan dengan data wawancara. Sistem pemidanaan pada tindak pidana korupsi menggunakan ancaman minimum khusus dan maksimum khusus, baik mengenai pidana penjara maupun pidana denda dan tidak menggunakan sistem dengan menetapkan ancaman pidana maksimum umum dan minimum umum seperti pada KUHP.
Mengingat Tindak Pidana Korupsi termasuk extra ordinary crime kejahatan yang luar biasa dan membahayakan, dimana Hakim seharusnya lebih berani memutus lebih berat agar terdakwa bisa mempunyai efek jera
PENERAPAN SANKSI PIDANA MINIMUM KHUSUS PADA UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 20 TAHUN 2001 PERUBAHAN ATAS UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 31 TAHUN 1999 DALAM PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI (STUDI KASUS DI PENGADILAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI SURABAYA)
No full textDwi Imroatus Sholikah, Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Nurjaya, SH., MS, Dr. Abdul Madjid, S.H.M.Hum Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya [email protected]  ABSTRAK Dаsаr pertimbаngаn Hаkim dаlаm menjаtuhkаn pidаnа terhаdаp terdаkwа dаlаm Tindаk Pidаnа Korupsi Pаsаl 3 Undаng-Undаng Nomor 20 Tаhun 2001 perubаhаn аtаs Undаng-Undаng Nomor 31 Tаhun 1999 yаitu pertimbаngаn hаkim yаng dilihаt dаri segi hukum yuridis berdаsаrkаn аlаt-аlаt bukti yаng аdа, аpаkаh perbuаtаn terdаkwа memenuhi unsur-unsur pаdа Pаsаl 3 Undаng-undаng Nomor 20 Tаhun 2001. Bukаn hаnyа pertimbаngаn yuridis, hаkim jugа menggunаkаn pertimbаngаn non yuridis yаitu pertimbаngаn yаng dilihаt dаri аspek non hukum¸ mempertimbаngkаn hаl-hаl yаng memperberаt dаn meringаnkаn terdаkwа. Hаkim jugа wаjib memperhаtikаn sifаt yаng bаik dаn jаhаt dаri terdаkwа sertа keаdааn-keааdаn pribаdinyа dаlаm mempertimbаngkаn pidаnа yаng dijаtuhkаn. Kata kunci: Dasar Pertimbangan Hakim, Tindak Pidana Korupsi, Penjatuhan Minimum Khusus, Pendapat Hakim ABSTRACT The basic consideration of judge in order to make judgement to the defendant in the Case of Criminal Act on Corruption section 3 law number 20, year of 2001 amendment of the law number 31, years of 1999 which is the consideration of the judge about the deed of defendant whether can fill the element of section 3, 2001 law number 20. Not only the juridical proportion, the judge also uses the non-juridical consideration that is consideration can be seen from the non-legal aspect, which are the things that can make the serious sanction or alleviate sanction. The judge also needs to consider the positive and negative of defendant’s characteristic, also the defendant’s condition in making judgment. Keywords: Basic Judge Considerations, Corruption, Special Minimum Drop, Judge\u27s Opinion
Ketaatan Masyarakat terhadap Hukum Internasional dalam Perspekti Filsafat Hukum
Full text linkThe research is aimed to figure out whether the International Law is a genuine law. This concerns with why the international community is willing to obey the international law though it lacks of formal institutions that are in charge of empowering the law. This is a normative legal research. The data used in this research are the secondary data along with the secondary law material that is in the form of research result. Through this research, it can be concluded that the nature of coordinative relationship among international community - not having a supranational institution that has an authority in making and forcing the validity of certain international regulation at once to the citizens of nations that are breaking the international law – will not decrease the existence and the essence of the international law as a legal norm. The most major factor emerging the acceptance and the obedience of the international community towards its regulation is the awareness and the needs of all people towards which regulation that can offer the law and order, justice, and law enforcement that can be done and of which can not be done in the practice of the international law. The internally emerged obedience will offer a better result that the one emerged by the punishment
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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