32 research outputs found
Giuseppe e i suoi fratelli: la ritraduzione come forma di competizione
No full textThe article reconstructs the history of the Italian retranslation of Thomas Mann’s Joseph und seine Brüder. Although Mondadori already published the work (four volumes from 1933 to 1948), shortly after the death of the first translator, the retranslation of the entire tetralogy was commissioned. Based on the letters between the publisher, the author and the new translator, the paper tries to shed light on an unusual case of retranslation, where the rules that generally determine its necessity do not seem to be applicable.Artykuł rekonstruuje historię włoskiej retranslacji Joseph und seine Bruder Thomasa Manna. Chociaż Mondadori opublikował już ten utwór (cztery tomy od 1933 do 1948 roku), jakiś czas po śmierci pierwszego tłumacza, zlecona została retranslacja całej tetralogii. Nawiązując do korespondencji między wydawcą, autorem i nowym tłumaczem, niniejszy artykuł próbuje rzucić światło na nietypowy przypadek retranslacji, w której zasady zwykle decydujące o jej potrzebie nie wydają się mieć zastosowania
An Analysis of a 17th Century Conceptual Dictionary with an Alphabetical List of Entries and a Network Definition Structure. John Wilkins’ and William Lloyd’s "An Alphabetical Dictionary" (1668)
No full textThis contribution is focused on a 17th-century lexicographic work. Its structural organisation and its theoretical foundations are important for research both in lexicography and in the theories and applications of knowledge organisation. "An Alphabetical Dictionary" is appended to "An Essay Towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language" by John Wilkins. Its lexical definitions ultimately depend on a hierarchical-relational conceptual scheme contained in the main body of the text.
In the overall work the procedures of lexical analysis – used to disambiguate meanings and senses of English words – merge with those developed for defining concepts, which are seen as universally shared. Conceptual definitions are based on a method of analysis and representation that is identified with a classificatory scheme which reflects the organisation of knowledge.
Hence, the text under consideration combines lexicographic practice with speculation on the methodology for describing and representing concepts, i.e. knowledge units. This convergence is concretely represented by the interrelation of the two sections of this work. This feature is crucial in Wilkins’ text and is the main object of analysis in the present article. In point of fact, the latter intends to contribute to the studies on the Essay by approaching it from a novel perspective, as the previous literature on this subject is mainly focused on either one or the other of the two components of Wilkins’ conceptual and semantic theory, but which are, however, closely interrelated.
In the second section ("Looking up in the 'Alphabetical Dictionary' and the 'Philosophical Tables'") dictionary lemmas are used as examples to describe the method of definition proposed by the author and the mutual relation between the two parts of the Essay, which is also highlighted by direct and indirect cross-references described here. The third part of the article ("The network of semantic relations in the 'Essay'") is devoted to the scrutiny of the semantic and conceptual relations identified by Wilkins as the tools that allow a definition of the units of knowledge gathered in the hierarchical-relational scheme developed in the main body of his text. In the first subsection ("Main distinguishing features"), there is a discussion of the type of relations that the author considers to be functional for defining the concepts ordered in the hierarchical-relational scheme. In the second subsection ("The wider relational network"), two relevant aspects are analysed: first, the method used by the author to organise concepts on the basis of their distinguishing features, so that their distribution in the scheme also enhances their definition; and second, the method developed by Wilkins for disambiguating the meanings and senses of the lexemes indexed in the "Alphabetical Dictionary".
The present study aims at contributing to the scrutiny of Wilkins’ work by highlighting its importance both within the English lexicographic tradition and the speculation on conceptual definition and representation, which started within the domain of logic and philosophy and later developed within inter- and cross-disciplinary studies on the organisation of knowledge, a trend still current today
Minor Case of Judge Schreber
No full textJudge Daniel Paul Schreber, at once an author and object of one of
the most famous cases of psychosis, is a recurring figure throughout
"Anti-Oedipus" and the protagonist of its opening scene. In Deleuzian
scholarship, Schreber has been often discussed as a paradigm of the
schizo and celebrated as a revolutionary figure of anti-Oedipal emancipation that stands in contrast to the paranoiac to which Freud’s analysis had reduced him. Although Deleuze and Guattari’s reflections on Schreber’s "Memoirs of My Nervous Illness" add to the existing literature on the possible diagnostic interpretations of Schreber’s delirium that challenge reductive, Oedipalized readings of his case, the article offers a close reading of the passages in which Schreber enters Anti-Oedipus and it suggests a different function he
has within Deleuze and Guattari’s project with implications for both
the psychoanalytic clinic and legal field. Schreber's book and life are indeed examples of a casuistique, singular, and "baroque" mode of thought
La giurisprudenza come avvenire della filosofia. Il ruolo del diritto nel pensiero di Gilles Deleuze
No full textThe thesis analyses the concept of jurisprudence in the thought of Gilles Deleuze. Even if Deleuze has never dedicated lots of pages to this notion, the reflections he has done on it enable the emergence of a constellation of concepts (for example, the concept of law, institution, case, singularity) which rotate around the jurisprudence and which allow us to reconstruct the political role that Deleuze assigned to the practice of right. According to the author of Difference and Repetition, in fact, the jurisprudence is a practice which invents new rights and which respects concrete cases and the singularity of a life (in the words of the last Deleuzian text Immanence: a life...). Right is conceived as the creation of new relations, new balances of power and new institutions. Nevertheless, these latter are produced by the inventive and exceeding force of a life, rather than by the power of governments. Creating new rights means for Deleuze to fight for life and to oppose the power and the different images of thought that it imposes. The jurisprudence invents a new people and a new earth, in the attempt of creating new processes of subjectivation which escape from the strategies of control imposed by Capitalism. In order to achieve this political task, the jurisprudence could be, therefore, the future of philosophy. This doesn't mean that philosophy will be replaced by the practice of right, but rather than the creativity of philosophy could help the jurisprudence to make right a war machine, which a life can use in order to open new possible forms of communities
Retranslating a 'New' Original: Raymond Radiguet's Le Bal du comte d'Orgel in Italy
No full textAfter the untimely death of Raymond Radiguet (1900‒1923), the publisher Grasset entrusted the proofs of his second novel Le Bal du comte d’Orgel to proofreaders coordinated by Jean Cocteau. Their questionable interventions, aimed at de-historicizing the story while also effacing the creolized aspects that characterize one of the protagonists, produced a text that ‒ unlike other new avant-garde aesthetics ‒ is carefully crafted on a stylistic level. The novel was translated into Italian by Enrico Emanuelli in 1945, the same year in which Il diavolo in corpo was translated by Maria Ortiz. This double, overlapping and belated mediation, marked by the fame that in twenty years had transformed Radiguet from a young literary star into a revered author, is called into question by the édition intégrale of the novel, which was reconstructed on the original proofs, opening up new questions in France, in 2003, on the authorship of the text and the consequences of the revisions. Luca Grossi’s 2004 retranslation prompts a reflection on the terms of Italian canonization, on past and present editorial dynamics and on the potential inherent in the transience and fundamental incompleteness of the act of translation
Carbon Monoxide Recombination Dynamics in Truncated Hemoglobins Studied with Visible-Pump MidIR-Probe Spectroscopy
No full textCarbon monoxide recombination dynamics upon photodissociation with visible light has been characterized by means of ultrafast visible-pump/MidIR probe spectroscopy for the truncated hemoglobins from Thermobifida fusca and Bacillus subtilis. Photodissociation has been induced by exciting the sample at two different wavelengths: 400 nm, corresponding to the heme absorption in the B-band, and 550 nm, in the Q-bands. The bleached iron-CO coordination band located at 1850-1950 cm(-1) and the free CO absorption band in the region 2050-2200 cm(-1) have been observed by probe pulses tuned in the appropriate infrared region. The kinetic traces measured at 1850-1950 cm(-1) reveal naultiexponential subnanosecond dynamics that have been interpreted as arising from fast geminate recombination of the photolyzed CO. A compared analysis of the crystal structure of the two proteins reveals a similar structure of their distal heme pocket, which contains conserved polar and aromatic amino acid residues closely interacting with the iron ligand. Although fast geminate recombination is observed in both proteins, several kinetic differences can be evidenced, which can be interpreted in terms of a different structural flexibility of the corresponding heme distal pockets. The analysis of the free CO band-shape and of its dynamic evolution brings out novel features about the nature of the docking site inside the protein cavity
The Issue of Gender Bias Represented in Authorship in the Fields of Exercise and Rehabilitation: A 5-Year Research in Indexed Journals
No full textDespite progress made in recent decades, gender bias is still present in scientific publication authorship. The underrepresentation of women and overrepresentation of men has already been reported in the medical fields but little is known in the fields of exercise sciences and rehabilitation. This study examines trends in authorship by gender in this field in the last 5 years. All randomized controlled trials published in indexed journals from April 2017 to March 2022 through the widely inclusive Medline dataset using the MeSH term “exercise therapy” were collected, and the gender of the first and last authors was identified through names, pronouns and photographs. Year of publication, country of affiliation of the first author, and ranking of the journal were also collected. A chi-squared test for trends and logistic regression models were performed to analyze the odds of a woman being a first or last author. The analysis was performed on a total of 5259 articles. Overall, 47% had a woman as the first author and 33% had a woman as the last author, with a similar trend over five years. The trend in women’s authorship varied by geographical area, with the higher representation of women authors in Oceania (first: 53.1%; last: 38.8%), North-Central America (first: 45.3%; last: 37.2%), and Europe (first: 47.2%; last: 33.3%). The logistic regression models (p < 0.001) indicated that women have lower odds of being authors in prominent authorship positions in higher-ranked journals. In conclusion, over the last five years, in the field of exercise and rehabilitation research, women and men are almost equally represented as first authors, in contrast with other medical areas. However, gender bias, unfavoring women, still exists, especially in the last authorship position, regardless of geographical area and journal ranking
Società della conoscenza e Pedagogia 3.0
No full textThe globalized society in which we live is digital and individualistic. It requires us to think education as a science which must fit to the society’s changes and which can educate individuals who are able to “extricate themselves” in the society’s difficulties. This is meaningful in our global society where nothing is certain and everything becomes temporary and liquid (Bauman 2006). The role of the school is increasingly central in the education of the global citizen who knows how to live in a new society and in a new sociality. In this paper, the author will try, starting from the changes of the global society, to outline the task of a democratic school face the challenges of the post-human society.La società in cui viviamo globalizzata, digitale e individualistica, ci impone di ripensare l’educazione come scienza che possa adattarsi ai cambiamenti sociali e possa gettare le basi per formare soggetti che sappiano “districarsi” nei meandri di una società, quella attuale, dove nulla è certo e tutto diventa provvisorio e liquido (Bauman, 2006). Il ruolo della scuola è sempre più centrale nella formazione del cittadino globale che sappia vivere in pienezza una nuova società e una nuova socialità. In questo contributo l’autore cercherà, a partire dai cambiamenti in atto, di delineare il compito di una scuola democratica capace di affrontare le sfide della società post umana
The optical spectra of fluoride complexes can effectively probe H-bonding interactions in the distal cavity of heme proteins
No full textFluoride complexes of heme proteins are characterized by unique spectroscopic properties, that provide a simple and direct means to monitor the interactions of the distal heme pocket environment with the iron-bound ligand. In particular, a strong correlation has been demonstrated between the wavelength of the iron-porphyrin charge transfer band at 600-620 nm (CT1) and the strength of H-bonding donation from the distal amino acid side chains to the fluoride ion. In parallel, resonance Raman spectra with excitation within either the CT1 band or the charge transfer band at 450-460 nm (CT2) have revealed that the iron-fluoride stretching frequency is directly affected by H-bonding to the fluoride ion. On this basis, globins and peroxidases display distinct spectroscopic features, which are strongly dependent on the capability of their distal residues (i.e. histidine, arginine and tryptophan) to be involved in H-bonding with the ligand. In particular, in peroxidases strong H-bonding corresponds to a low iron-fluoride stretching frequency and to a red-shifted CT1 band. The reverse is observed in myoglobin. Interestingly, a truncated hemoglobin of microbial origin (Thermobifida fusca) investigated in the present work, displays the specific spectroscopic signature of a peroxidase, in agreement with the presence of strong H-bonding residues, i.e., tyrosine and tryptophan, within the distal pocket. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
