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PENGARUH PEMANASAN DAN VARIASI CAMPURAN BAHAN BAKAR PREMIUM DAN ETANOL TERHADAP EMISI GAS BUANG KARBON MONOKSIDA (CO) DAN HIDROKARBON (HC) PADA SEPEDA MOTOR YAMAHA VEGA R TAHUN 2009 DAN IMPLIKASI PEDAGOGIS PADA MATA KULIAH MOTOR BAKAR
Get PDFTujuan penelitian ini adalah : (1) Untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah pengaruh pemanasan bahan bakar premium melalui pipa tembaga yang terpasang di antara sirip-sirip blok silinder terhadap emisi gas buang (CO) dan (HC) pada mesin Yamaha Vega R tahun 2009. (2) Untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah pengaruh pemanasan bahan bakar campuran premium dan etanol melalui pipa tembaga yang terpasang di antara sirip-sirip blok silinder terhadap emisi gas buang (CO) dan (HC) pada mesin Yamaha Vega R tahun 2009. (3) Untuk mengetahui nilai kadar emisi gas buang (CO) dan (HC) terhadap pengaruh pemanasan bahan bakar yang terpasang di antara sirip-sirip blok silinder pada motor Yamaha Vega R tahun 2009.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan adalah sepeda motor Yamaha Vega R Tahun 2009 bernomor mesin 4D71261848. Data diperoleh dari besarnya kadar CO dan HC dengan variasi komposisi campuran premium dan etanol E0, E5, E10, E15, E20, E25, E30 menggunakan metode tanpa pemanasan bahan bakar dan menggunakan pemanasan bahan bakar 1 pipa, 2 pipa dan 3 pipa. Data diperoleh dari hasil penelitian dimasukkan ke dalam tabel dan ditampilkan dalam bentuk grafik, kemudian dianalisis.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa : (1) Kadar (CO) tertinggi terjadi ketika pemanasan bahan bakar pada 1 pipa, kadar (CO) terrendah terjadi ketika tanpa pemanasan bahan bakar. Kadar (HC) tertinggi terjadi ketika pemanasan bahan bakar pada 2 pipa dan (HC) terrendah terjadi ketika pemanasan bahan bakar pada 1 pipa. (2) Akibat pemanasan bahan bakar diperoleh kadar (CO) tertinggi pada variasi bahan bakar E0, sedangkan kadar (CO) terrendah pada variasi bahan bakar E30. Kadar (HC) tertinggi pada variasi bahan bakar E30, sedangkan kadar (HC) terrendah akibat pemanasan bahan bakar terdapat pada variasi bahan bakar E5. (3) Pemanasan bahan bakar menghasilkan nilai kadar emisi gas buang (CO) tertinggi 1,216 (% vol) dan nilai kadar (CO) terrendah 0,083 (% vol). Nilai kadar emisi gas buang (HC) tertinggi 877,0 (ppm vol) dan nilai kadar emisi gas buang (HC) terrendah 99,0 (ppm vol)
PENGARUH PEMANASAN DANVARIASI CAMPURAN BAHAN BAKAR PREMIUM DAN ETANOL TERHADAP EMISI GAS BUANG KARBON MONOKSIDA (CO) DAN HIDROKARBON (HC) PADA SEPEDA MOTOR YAMAHA VEGA R TAHUN 2009
Get PDFThe purpose of this research were : (1) To knew how the effect of heating premium fuel through a copper pipe installed between the fins of cylinder block to exhaust gas emissions (CO) and (HC) on Yamaha Vega R 2009 motorcycles. (2) To knew how the effect of heating mixture of gasoline and fuel ethanol through a copper pipe installed between the fins of cylinder block to exhaust gas emissions (CO) and (HC) on Yamaha Vega R 2009 motorcycles. (3) To know the value of the levels exhaust gas emissions (CO) and (HC) on the effect of heating fuel were installed between the fins of cylinder block Yamaha Vega 2009 motorcycles.This research used a descriptive quantitative method. The sample used was Yamaha Vega R 2009 motorcycles with the numbere of machine 4D71261848. The data obtained from the value of CO and HC with percentage variation mixture of premium ethanol E0, E5, E10, E15, E20, E25, E30 using a method without heating fuel and heating fuel using 1, 2 and 3 pipes. The data obtained from this research included in the tables and displayed in a graph, and then analyzed.Based on this research can be conclude : (1) The highest levels (CO) when heating fuel on the 1 pipe, while the lowest levels (CO) when without heating fuel. The highest levels (HC) when heating fuel on the 2 pipe, while the lowest level (HC) when heating fuel on the 1 pipe. (2) The highest levels (CO) when heating fuel on the E0 variation of fuel while the lowest levels (CO) when heating fuel on the E0 variation of fuel. The highest levels (HC) when heating fuel on the E30 variation of fuel while the lowest levels (HC) when heating fuel on the E5 variation of fuel. (3) The highest levels exhaust gas emissions (CO) is 1.216 (% vol) and The lowest levels exhaust gas emissions (CO) is 0.083 (% vol). While the highest levels exhaust gas emissions (HC) 877 (ppm vol) and the lowest levels exhaust gas emissions (HC) is 99 (ppm vol)
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbantuan Android Materi Sistem Bahan Bakar SMK Kelas XI serta Efektivitas Penerapannya
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) Mengembangkan media pembelajaran berbantuan android materi sistem bahan bakar untuk peserta didik SMK kelas XI program keahlian teknik kendaraan ringan (TKR), 2) Mengetahui kelayakan media pembelajaran berbantuan android yang dikembangkan, 3) Mengetahui efektivitas penerapan media pembelajaran berbantuan android materi sistem bahan bakar.
Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian pengembangan menggunakan model penelitian ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Developmemt, Implementation, and Evaluation) yang dikembangkan oleh Branch. Tahap penelitian meliputi: 1) pengembangan media pembelajaran berbantuan android materi sistem bahan bakar, 2) pengujian kelayakan media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan, 3) pengujian efektivitas penerapan media pembelajaran berbantuan android materi sistem bahan bakar. Tahap 1): (1) pra-survey, (2) penyusunan instrumen penelitian, (3) validasi instrumen penelitian, (4) perbaikan instrumen penelitian, (5) pembuatan media pembelajaran, (6) validasi media, (7) uji coba media, (8) analisis data. Tahap 2) uji kelayakan media berdasarkan pelilaian ahli. Tahap 3) uji efektivitas penerapan media pembelajaran berbantuan android materi sistem bahan bakar. Penelitian ini dilakukan di tiga SMK Yogyakarta, antara lain SMK N 2 Depok, SMK N 1 Cangkringan dan SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Sleman yang melibatkan 196 peserta didik.
Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: 1) (a) instrumen penelitian yang dikembangkan secara keseluruhan memiliki nilai indeks V Aiken sebesar 0,81, meliputi angket efektivitas sebesar 0,88, silabus sebesar 0,85, RPP sebesar 0,80, soal pretes postes sebesar 0,88 dan materi sebesar 0,82. Nilai indeks V Aiken keseluruhan instrumen yang dikembangkan dikatakan valid karena berada pada rentang 0,37 sampai 1,00. (b) hasil gain score dapat dikategorikan sedang karena gain score ada pada rentang 0,3 sampai 0,7. (c) Data hasil nilai belajar dalam kategori homogen karena memiliki nilai kurang dari 0,05 (Sig. > 0,05). (d) Hasil uji Independent Sample t Test menunjukkan hasil t_hitung 0,05 dengan kesimpulan tidak ada pengaruh antara pretes kelas kontrol dengan pretes kelas eksperimen. (e) Hasil uji Paired Sample t Test menunjukkan hasil t_hitung> t_tabel dan Sig. (2-tailed) < 0,05 dengan kesimpulan adanya pengaruh dalam penggunaan media pembelajaran berbantuan android. 2) uji kelayakan media pembelajaran sistem bahan bakar berbantuan android yang dikembangkan dinyatakan baik karena memiliki skor rata-rata keseluruhan 3.31, sehingga media yang dikembangkan dinyatakan layak digunakan penelitian. 3) uji efektivitas menunjukkan presentase kefektifan media sebesar 75,22% dengan kriteria efektif
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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