7,753 research outputs found
Holopyga lunae Lucena & Santos-Neto & Zanella & Almeida 2022, sp. nov.
No full textHolopyga lunae Lucena sp. nov. (Figs 13, 14) Diagnosis. Holopyga lunae sp. nov. resembles H. luzulina Dahlbom. These species are distinguished from other Brazilian Holopyga based on the combination of the following features: moderate-sized body (about 7 mm), tarsal claw with two subsidiary teeth, and shape of the head (higher than broad). The new species is distinguished from H. luzulina based on the following combination of characters: vertex densely punctate (vertex with transverse band of sparse tiny punctures in H. luzulina); lateral margin of pronotum bordered with discrete carina (lateral margin of pronotum lacking carina in H. luzulina); male S3 dark brown (male S3 metallic green in H. luzulina). Description. Holotype, male (Fig. 13). Body length: 6.9 mm. Head. High 1.2× breadth; least distance between antennal rims 0.6× MOD; scape more or less cylindrical, gently curved medially, slightly wider submedially, 2.9× longer than its maximum width; F1 length 2.1× breadth, 1.4× longer than F2, F2 slightly longer than F3; F3–F10 subequal in size; F11 somewhat truncate apically; lower medial margin of clypeus straight; subantennal distance about 0.6× MOD; malar space shorter than 0.5× MOD; POL 2.1× OL; 0.8× OOL; lateral ocelli linked with transverse shallow sulcus; inner ocular margin slightly convergent submedially, LID 1.3× scape length; eye height 1.7× breadth. Mesosoma. Anterior declivity of pronotum with shallow medial pit, lateral margin bordered with discrete carina; notaulus and parapsidal signum faintly marked; R1 2 v very short, barely visible; inner margin of tarsal claw with two subsidiary teeth. Metasoma. T3 slightly depressed postero-medially, apical margin slightly truncate, with faintly marked medial notch, lateral margin slightly angulate. Coloration. Head mostly metallic green, with purplish blue tints around ocelli; base of mandible green with faint purplish blue reflection; golden highlights basally on inner margin of compound eye and on upper gena; scape, pedicel and base of stipe metallic green; apex of clypeus, half mandible and flagellomeres brown; mesosoma mainly metallic green, with purple tints anteriorly on pronotum, scutum, and posteriorly on metapectal-propodeal complex; bluish highlights on lateral pronotum, and metapleuron-propodeum; golden highlights on pronotal lobe, mesopleuron, and legs; tegula brown; wing membrane light fuscous with brown veins; coxa, femur, tibia and outer surface of basitarsomere green; distal tarsomeres and inner surface of basitarsomeres light brown; dorsum of metasoma mainly metallic green with light bluish highlights on terga; disc of anterior declivity of T1 purplish brown; T2 with anterior transverse purplish blue band; golden highlights laterally on terga, brighter on T3; T3 distal edge hyaline; laterotergites mostly metallic green, with dark margins; S1–S2 metallic green, S3 dark brown. Sculpture. Vertex and frons densely sculptured, becoming sparser on gena and lower on face; scapal basin densely cross-ridged, with small punctures marginally; clypeus punctulate, sparser on disc; scape densely punctulate; gena rugose-striate, with distinct longitudinal ridge; dorsum of mesosoma and mesopleuron densely foveate, larger and deeper on metanotum; lateral pronotal depression and metapleuron-propodeum with transverse striae; posterior mesopleuron slightly striate; outer surface of legs punctulate, except tarsomeres; dorsum of metasoma heavily sculptured, with double, dense, punctation pattern, with small punctures among larger foveae, becoming transversely ridged lateroposteriorly on T1–T2, and anterolaterally on T3; anterior declivity of T1 mostly impunctate, with only marginal punctures; laterotergites of T1–T2 sparsely punctulate, becoming denser on laterotergite of T3; S1–S2 sparsely punctulate, becoming much denser on S3. Vestiture. Head with short, sparse, pale setae on vertex, becoming longer and denser on frons, along inner ocular margin, gena, and occiput; scapal basin glabrous; clypeus with long, sparse, pale setae, becoming denser marginally; distal margin of galea and mandible with long, sparse, gold setae; scape with short, gold setae; flagellomeres with short, suberect, pale setae; eye glabrous (magnification above 100×); dorsum of mesosoma with short, erect, sparse, yellowish pale setae, becoming longer and denser on scutum and scutellum; propleuron with long, dense, pale setae; lateral pronotum and metapleuron-propodeum almost glabrous, except for some sparse marginal setae; wing membrane entirely setose; coxae and femora with long, dense, pale setae; protibia with some outstanding, long, pale setae; meso- and metatibiae with short, dense, even, pale setae; venter of tarsomeres with dense, even, spine-like setae; dorsum of metasoma with short, suberect, pale setae; S1 and S2 with long, sparse, pale setae; S3 with long, dense, pale setae. Female (Fig. 14). Same as male, except: F1 length 2.4× breadth; F11 not truncate; LID 1.4× scape; eye with microtrichia; flagellomeres with short, decumbent, pale setae; lacking golden highlights on head, pronotum and metasoma; S3 metallic green; T3 not depressed postero-medially; T3 apical margin not truncate, lacking medial notch, and lateral margin not angulate. Material examined. Holotype ♂. BRAZIL, Sergipe: Canindé de São Francisco, Sta. Maria, 20.vi.2005, Debora Moura leg. / 23885 UFPE / L172 P874, Waltheria indica (RPSP). Allotype ♀: Canindé de São Francisco, Cana Brava, 30.viii.2002 / 10391 UFPE / L140 P755, Melochia tomentosa (RPSP: 1♀); other paratypes: Canindé de São Francisco, Poço Verde, 24.v.2005 / 22577 UFPE / L132 P994, Cissus erosa (RPSP: 1♂); Canindé de São Francisco, Cana Brava, 30.viii.2002 / 10292 UFPE / L139 P874, Waltheria indica (RPSP: 1♀). Alagoas: Piranhas, Poço da Ingazeira, Mata Ciliar, 29.vi.2005, Debora Moura leg. / 23914 UFPE / L180 P1191, Hydrolea spinosa / 23998 UFPE / L180 P1063, Tephrosia purpurea (CEDU-UNILA: 2♂ 1♀). Distribution. BRAZIL (Alagoas, Sergipe) (Fig. 17). Host. Unknown. Floral records. Waltheria indica (Malvaceae), Cissus erosa (Vitaceae), Melochia tomentosa (Malvaceae), Hydrolea spinosa (Hydroleaceae), and Tephrosia purpurea (Fabaceae). Remarks. The holotype is missing part of the right antenna, and right pro- and mesolegs. Male paratypes are lacking parts of their legs and flagellomeres. The allotype and the female paratype are lacking parts of their legs. Rosa & Xu (2015) designated the lectotype for H. luzulina Dahlbom and provided photographs of the male typespecimen hosted in the MRSN. Type locality of this species is an unknown locality in Brazil. We have examined one couple from Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil —RPSP), and the male precisely matches the original description and diagnostic features observed in the images of the male lectotype of this species. According to Kimsey & Bohart (1991), H. luzulina is widespread in the Neotropical region, reaching the south of the Nearctic region through Mexico and southwest USA, though, we did not find this species sympatric with H. lunae sp. nov. Etymology. The new species is named after Danielle Luna, first author´s wife.Published as part of Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V. & Almeida, Eduardo A. B., 2022, Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 5213 (3) on pages 222-225, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/735990
Hedychrum oxente Lucena & Santos-Neto & Zanella & Almeida 2022, sp. nov.
No full textHedychrum oxente Lucena & Zanella sp. nov. (Figs 6, 7, 8A–C) Diagnosis. This species resembles Hedychrum neotropicum Mocsáry but can be distinguished from H. neotropicum based on the following combination of characters: mesotibial fovea height 1.4× breadth, metatibial fovea height 1.3× breadth (height 1.7× and 2.2× breadth in H. neotropicum, respectively); vertex and dorsum of meso- and metasoma with distinctive purplish-blue bands (faintly spotted in H. neotropicum); and T2 with large dark purplishblue spot (T2 with discrete bluish highlight in H. neotropicum). Description. Holotype, female (Fig. 6). Body length: 6.4 mm. Head. Breadth 1.2× high; least distance between antennal rims 0.7× MOD; scape 2.8× longer than its maximum width; F1 length 1.8× breadth, 1.6× F2, F2 slightly longer than F3; F3–F10 subequal in size; F11 slightly longer than F10; lower medial margin of clypeus straight; subantennal distance 0.5× MOD; malar space shorter than 0.2× MOD; gena progressively narrowed on half lower portion; POL 2× OL; 0.7× OOL; LID 1.7× scape length; eye height 1.3× breadth. Mesosoma. Anterolateral corner of pronotum bordered with discrete carina; lateral pronotal depression striate, with distinct lower pit; notaulus and parapsidal signum faintly marked; R1 2 v very short, barely visible; 2r-rs 2 v 1.9× longer than cu-a 2 v; mesotibial fovea height 1.4× breadth; metatibial fovea height 1.3× breadth; outer apical margin of tibiae with short, even, spines; meso- and metabasitarsomere with crown of short, evenly-sized, spines; venter of tarsomeres with apical, irregularly-sized, spines. Coloration. Head mostly metallic green, with purplish blue tints on vertex; base of mandible green; discrete golden highlights on frons and scapal basin; scape metallic green; pedicel and base of stipe bluish green; apex of clypeus, half distal portion of mandible and flagellomeres brown; mesosoma mainly metallic green, with medial purplish-blue bands on pronotum, scutum, scutellum; posterior declivity of metapectal-propodeal complex with purplish blue tints; bluish highlights on lateral procoxa, pronotum, and metapleuron-propodeum; tegula brown, with greenish highlight anteriorly; wing membrane light fuscous with brown veins; legs mostly metallic green, with discrete golden highlights on tibiae; basitarsomeres greenish brown, distal tarsomeres light brown; dorsum of metasoma mainly metallic green; T1 with posterior transverse bluish purple band; T2 with wide, dark, bluish purple spot occupying much of disc; T3 with T-like, anteromedial bluish purple band; T3 distal rim hyaline basolaterally; S1, S3, and laterotergites dark brown; S2 mostly dark brown, with metallic green band occupying half posterior portion. Sculpture. Vertex and frons densely foveate-punctate, except discrete impunctate polished area beside each lateral ocellus; lower gena longitudinally striate; scapal basin densely cross-ridged, upper border with impunctate, polished, transverse stripe; lower face punctulate-striate; clypeus punctulate-striate marginally, becoming sparser and non-striate on disc; scape punctulate; dorsum of mesosoma and mesopleuron densely foveate, larger and deeper on metanotum; scutellum with tiny punctures inserted on interspaces among larger foveae; lateral pronotum, posterior mesopleuron and half lower portion of metapleuron-propodeum transversely striate; upper half portion of metapleuron-propodeum distinctively polished; ventral surface of femora punctulate, distinctively denser on metafemora; metasomal terga densely sculptured becoming finer medially, particularly on T1 and T2; T3 slightly rugulose marginally; sterna punctulate, denser on laterotergites. Vestiture. Head with short, sparse, castaneous setae on vertex, becoming paler, sparser and longer on gena and occiput; clypeus with sparse, pale setae marginally; labrum with relatively long, castaneous, setae; outer surface of mandible with short, pale setae; scape with short, suberect, pale setae; flagellomeres with short, suberect, pale setae; eye glabrous (magnification above 100×); dorsum of mesosoma with short, erect, sparse, castaneous setae, denser on pronotum; propleuron with long, sparse, pale setae; wing membrane entirely setose; legs with abundant setae, femora and tibiae with some outstanding, long, yellowish pale setae; venter of tarsomeres with dense, evenly-sized, spine-like setae; dorsum of metasoma with abundant, suberect, yellowish pale setae, denser and longer on T3; S2 and S3 with long, dense, yellowish pale setae, denser and longer distally on S3. Male (Fig. 7). Same as female, except: scape 3.3× longer than its maximum width; POL 2.3× OL; eye height 1.4× breadth; 2r-rs 2 v just slightly longer than cu-a 2 v; outer apical margin of tibiae with short, irregularly-sized, spines; mesobasitarsomere lacking crown of spines; pre-apical swelling of T3 discernible only laterally; fainter bluish-purple bands on vertex, dorsum of mesosoma, and T3; metathorax bluer; sterna mostly dark brown, with metallic green band on disc of S2–S3; sculpturing of metasomal terga slightly coarser. Variation. Specimens vary from 5.8 to 6.6 mm in total body length. Material examined. Holotype ♀. BRAZIL, Paraíba: Prata, PA Zé Marcolino/ Anselmo, 07°38′3.74″S 37°1′24.98″W, 17.ix.2010, A. Silva (UFMG 1201713). Allotype ♂: Ceará: Ubajara, 03°50′50″S 40°53′23″W, 22.x.2011, F. C. V. Zanella (CEDU-UNILA: 1♂). Other paratypes: Baturité, 04°20′09″S 38°52′19″W, 30.iv.2014, Almeida, Lucena & Tavares (RPSP: 1♂). Baturité, 25.vii.1908, A. Ducke (MPEG: 1♀); 13.vii.1908 (MPEG 03006013: 1♂). Distribution. BRAZIL (Ceará, Paraíba) (Fig. 9). Host. Unknown. Remarks. The coarsely contiguous sculptured integument of H. oxente sp. nov., particularly on pronotum and metasoma, readily distinguish this species from H. neotropicum (see Fig. 8). The distinctive purplish-blue tints on vertex and dorsum of meso- and metasoma, and the large dark purplish-blue spot on T2 are also diagnostics for this species. The holotype and the allotype were collected in September and October, the peak of the dry season in the region. Coloration and vestiture of two paratypes from Baturité-CE in the MPEG are severely altered. We could assign them to H. oxente sp. nov. based on the shape of the metatibial fovea, the coarse and contiguous sculpturing on pronotum, and the large dark purplish-blue spot on T2. Three male specimens from Codó (Maranhão state, 17.vi.1907, A. Ducke, MPEG) previously recorded for northeastern Brazil as H. neotropicum (Ducke 1907, 1913) may represent a distinct species (see the Discussion section below). Because the coloration and vestiture of these male specimens are poorly preserved, we could not confidently assign them to H. oxente sp. nov., H. neotropicum, or interpret them as another new species. These three male specimens from Codó are therefore left unidentified until a confident conclusion can be drawn from their morphology. Etymology. “ oxente ” is a neutral interjection word. This is an expression spoken in northeastern Brazil to state admiration, astonishment, surprise.Published as part of Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V. & Almeida, Eduardo A. B., 2022, Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species, pp. 201-235 in Zootaxa 5213 (3) on pages 212-216, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/735990
GALINHA caipira: boas práticas de abate.
No full textO manejo na criação, forma de abate e processamento determinam a qualidade da carne e agregam valor à produção. Equipe Técnica: Firmino José Vieira Barbosa, Hoston Tomás Santos do Nascimento, Raimundo Bezerra de Araújo Neto, Fábio Mendonça Diniz, Denise Mendes Martins, Cintia de Sousa Clementino e Shirliane de Araújo Sousa
Análise da situação atual da cabotagem brasileira: um estudo de caso do porto de santos
No full textTCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio Econômico, Curso de EconomiaO sistema de transportes brasileiro passa por uma série de mudanças em anos recentes, o que evidencia a importância de uma eficiente matriz de transportes configurada para se obter ganhos de escala e maior competitividade econômica. O uso eficiente dos modais de transporte se traduz em melhoria da infraestrutura do país, gerando aumentos na concorrência a níveis macroeconômicos. Nesse sentido, este trabalho monográfico tem por objetivo realizar uma avaliação operacional e técnica da situação dos portos no contexto da cabotagem brasileira, com ênfase ao caso do porto de Santos, tratando da relação entre os modais, como o uso da inter e multimodalidade, como forma de diminuir os gargalos de infraestrutura que ainda prejudicam o país interna e externamente. A metodologia utilizada caracteriza-se de pesquisa qualitativa, cuja coleta de dados se deu a partir da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental em especial com as informações oriundas da base de dados da Agência Nacional de Transportes Aquaviários. Constatou-se que os terminais do Porto de Santos priorizam a movimentação das cargas de exportação e de importação, resultando na importância de um incremento do uso da navegação de cabotagem e dos serviços feeder ao gerarem, a priori, efeitos positivos e externalidades para toda cadeia logística brasileir
Perfil das mulheres com câncer de colo de útero usuárias do hospital Agostinho Neto - Cabo Verde
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Florianópolis, 2010Objetivos: Traçar o perfil das mulheres com câncer de colo de útero usuárias do Hospital Agostinho Neto - Cabo Verde. Método: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, baseado na análise de 100 registros de casos notificados de câncer de colo de útero pelo banco estatístico do hospital Agostinho Neto. Utilizou-se o programa Epi Info 9.0 para digitação, análise e criação do banco de dados, através de apresentação de percentagens, e intervalos de confiança (95%). Resultados: Os resultados revelam que 85% (IC 95% 4,7-11,7) das mulheres foram atendidas na secção de ginecologia, logo tiveram um tratamento adequado. A maioria das ocorrências de câncer cervical observou-se nas mulheres de naturalidade da Cidade da Praia (74%); ilha de Santiago (97%); residentes também na Praia (74%). Pacientes compreendida entre 38 a 59 anos de idade com 51% de prevalencia de câncer cervical, casadas (45%), tendo a ocupação de domestica (39%) sem salário remunerado e vivem com um parceiro (67%). O nivel de escolaridade é baixo quando comparada com as analfabetas (22%). Dentre elas de 17-20 anos iniciaram a atividade sexual tardia (50%), o inicio da menarca deu-se entre 14-16 anos, destaca-se pacientes com 1 a 3 filhos (66%). Das 100 mulheres praticamente todas teve presença de HPV menos 3%, também elas não usam preservativo que é o primeiro método de prevenção já que não há vendas de vacinas anti-HPV em Cabo Verde. Conclusão: Ressalta-se a necessidade de estudos mais aprofundados para avaliar a associação entre câncer de colo uterino com outros fatores em Cabo Verde e um estudo que extrapole para a população. O perfil oncologico descreve que são mulheres com um parceiro, não têm o hábito de fazer consultas ginecológicas periodicamente, vivem na Capital (Praia), ilha de Santiago e muitas residem em bairros periféricos com posto de saude sem ginecologista de acompanhamento, analfabetas ou com um grau razoável de escolaridade, domésticas, com bastantes filhos. É importante a questão da sensibilização da população, em saber onde procurar assistência médica e também consultas de ginecologia sempre, pelo menos duas vezes por ano. A educação sexual, ainda é outro factor importante da prevenção do carcinoma cervical, através de uma orientação do uso correcto de preservativos, de modo a desmotivar a promiscuidade sexual e o início precoce da actividade sexual. Há uma necessidade de programas voltados para as mulheres com pouco acesso as informações e incentivo na procura de consultas ginecológicas nem só para as mulheres das zonas rurais como também para as da Cidade da Praia que vivem em bairros periféricos
Pseudinca fradei Serrano & Capela & Nunes & Santos 2020, new combination
No full textPseudinca fradei (Gomes Alves, 1973), new combination (Figs. 16d, e, f, g, h) Distribution: ANG. Distribution in Angola (Provinces): 1) MOX. Historic records: —Fazenda Stª Cruz (Luso=Luena) (MOX) (Gomes Alves 1973 sub Ruteroides fradei Gomes Alves). Material examined: Luso (=Luena) (Fazenda Stª Cruz) (11º 46´S, 20º 06´E, 1280 m alt., 219) (MOX), 24.X.1958, 1 ♂, Nº 3035, Holotypus (red label), Ruteroides fradei Gomes Alves det. 1973, Estudos Apícolas do Ultramar, Junta de Investigações Coloniais, IICT, MUHNAC. Remarks. An endemic species of Angola whose original description was based on a male specimen, under the genus Ruteroides (Gomes Alves 1973). This author referred that the specimen was observed by Ruter, who postulated that probably it should belong to a new genus near Porphyronota. However, we conclude that Ruteroides is similar to Pseudinca (see comments on this genus). Pseudinca fradei new combination is close to Pseudinca rufulus Kolbe, 1914, Pseudinca variatus Bourgoin, 1921 and Pseudinca striatus Valck Lucassen, 1933, but can be segregated from them by some morphological characters such as clypeus without longitudinal ridge, the shape of clypeal anterior edge (slightly raised and straight) (Fig. 16e), the discal punctuation of pronotum (distinct and sparse) (Fig. 16e), the sutural round angle (not acute) of elytra (Fig. 16d), the shape of mesosternal apophysis and the punctuation of abdominal segments (Fig. 16f), among others. In Beinhundner’s monograph (2017a: 594), the authorship of names Ruteroides and Ruteroides fradei is incorrect (Goméz Alvéz must be spelled as Gomes Alves). Moreover, in the same monograph (p. 594, lines 9 and 13), just before the Gomes Alves (1973) references and after the genus and the species “Description”, the names Myodermidius and Myodermidius rohani are given, respectively. However, both taxa are not mentioned anywhere in Gomes Alves (1973) work. Beinhundner (2017a) indicates Republic Guinea for the distribution of this species, which is incorrect also. Biological and ecological data are not available for this species.Published as part of Serrano, Artur R. M., Capela, Rúben A., Nunes, Telmo & Santos, Carmen Van-Dú- Nem Neto, 2020, The rose chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) of Angola: a descriptive checklist with new records and synonymic notes, pp. 1-130 in Zootaxa 4776 (1) on page 75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4776.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/382128
FIGURE 19. Internal sac sclerite. A. Heilus inaequalis. B. Heilus pupillatus. C. Heilus tuberculosus. D. Heilus rufescens. E. Heilus freyreissi. F. Heilus myops. G. Heilus faldermanni. H. Heilus ochrifer. I. Heilus fasciculatus. J. Heilus iniquus. K in A review of the South American species of Heilus Kuschel, 1955 (Curculionidae Molytinae: Molytini: Hylobiina) with emphasis on those from Brazil
No full textFIGURE 19. Internal sac sclerite. A. Heilus inaequalis. B. Heilus pupillatus. C. Heilus tuberculosus. D. Heilus rufescens. E. Heilus freyreissi. F. Heilus myops. G. Heilus faldermanni. H. Heilus ochrifer. I. Heilus fasciculatus. J. Heilus iniquus. K. Heilus bistigma.Published as part of Lira, Aline De Oliveira, Sousa, Wesley Oliveira De, Rosado-Neto, Germano Henrique, Santos, Geane Brizzola Dos & Marques, Marinêz Isaac, 2020, A review of the South American species of Heilus Kuschel, 1955 (Curculionidae Molytinae: Molytini: Hylobiina) with emphasis on those from Brazil, pp. 151-187 in Zootaxa 4861 (2) on page 180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4861.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/441468
Revisão e análise cladística de Bondarius Rosa-Neto, 2006 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Molytinae, Sternechini) /
No full textOrientador : Germano H. Rosado-NetoCo-orientadora : Dilma Solange NappTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciencias Biológicas (Entomologia). Defesa: Curitiba, 2007Inclui bibliografiaÁrea de concentração: Entomologi
Criopreservación en embriones ovinos producidos in vitro en diferentes estadios mediante dos métodos de vitrificación
No full textDiferentes protocolos de vitrificación han sido evaluados en los últimos años en embriones ovinos producidos in vivo. Sin embargo, ninguno de ellos permite una gran sobrevivencia cuando se aplica a embriones producidos in vitro. El objetivo de esta tesis fue evaluar dos nuevos métodos de vitrificación (Cryotop y Espátula) nunca antes evaluados en ovinos para la criopreservación de embriones al Día 2 o al Día 6 luego de la fertilización in vitro (Día 0). Complejos cumulus ovocitos fueron madurados, fertilizados y cultivados in vitro hasta el Día 8. Al Día 2 los embriones fueron asignados al azar a 5 grupos experimentales de los cuales dos grupos fueron vitrificados en el Día 2 por el método Cryotop o Espátula; dos grupos fueron vitrificados en el Día 6 por el método Cryotop o Espátula; y un grupo no fue sometido a vitrificación permaneciendo los embriones en cultivo in vitro como grupo control. Luego de la vitrificación y el calentamiento los embriones continuaron su desarrollo in vitro junto con el grupo control hasta el Día 8. Se determinó la tasa de sobrevivencia a las 3 h y 24 h luego del calentamiento, la tasa de desarrollo al Día 6, la producción de blastocistos al Día 8, y la tasa de eclosión al Día 8 sobre el total de blastocistos en ese Día así como sobre el total de embriones clivados en el Día 2. Asimismo se determinó el número total de células presentes en blastocistos expandidos en el Día 7. Los resultados demostraron que la tasa de sobrevivencia a las 24 horas luego de la vitrificación-calentamiento y la producción de blastocistos en el Día 8 se vieron afectadas por el estadio del embrión, siendo menor para aquellos vitrificados en el Día 2 comparados con embriones vitrificados en el Día 6 (P<0,05). Comparado con el grupo control sin vitrificar, los embriones vitrificados en el Día 2 presentaron una menor tasa de desarrollo en el Día 6 (P<0,05), no encontrando un efecto del método de vitrificación utilizado (Cryotop o Espátula) (P=NS). La tasa de eclosión sobre el total de los blastocistos presentes al Día 8 no estuvo afectada por la vitrificación, siendo similar a los embriones no vitrificados (P=NS). A pesar de que los embriones en estadios tempranos mostraron menor criotolerancia, aquellos embriones que sobrevivieron el proceso de vitrificación-calentamiento tuvieron una alta capacidad de desarrollo y de eclosión, similar a la vitrificación en los estadios de mórula o blastocisto. El número total de células no mostró diferencias entre los grupos experimentales evaluados. El método de vitrificación no afectó ninguna de las variables evaluadas, sin embargo, sí se encontró un efecto del estadio embrionario al momento de realizar la vitrificación. En conclusión, ambos métodos Cryotop y Espátula permiten una aceptable tasa de sobrevivencia y desarrollo en embriones ovinos producidos in vitro y vitrificados en el Día 2 o en el Día 6. La vitrificación mediante estos dos métodos de enfriamiento ultra-rápido y volumen mínimo representan una alternativa promisoria para embriones ovinos en diferentes estadios producidos por fertilización in vitro
The Catalytic Mechanism Of Indole-3-glycerol Phosphate Synthase (igps) Investigated By Electrospray Ionization (tandem) Mass Spectrometry
No full textAn enzymatic reaction has been monitored by on-line direct infusion electrospray ionization (tandem) mass spectrometry. Using this fast and sensitive technique, a key and transient intermediate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase (IGPS)-catalyzed reaction has been trapped. The reaction catalyzed by indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase is part of the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway, and is not present in mammals, including humans. This peculiarity renders this enzyme a potential target for the development of biospecific agents with potential anti-TB activity. The present results indicate the presence of two intermediates in the mechanism of this enzymatic reaction. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.494159145917Raviglione, M.C., Smith, I.M., (2007) New Engl. J. Med., 356, p. 656World Health Organization. Surveillance, planning, financing, WHO Report, Geneva, Switzerland, WHO/HTM/TB/2005.349, 2005Smith, D.A., Parish, T., Stoker, N.G., Bancroft, G.J., (2001) Infect. Immun., 69, p. 1142Ducati, R.G., Ruffino-Netto, A., Basso, L.A., Santos, D.S., (2006) Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 101, p. 697Maartens, G., Wilkinson, R.J., (2007) Lancet, 370, p. 2030Pablos-Mendez, A., Raviglione, M.C., Laszlo, A., Binkin, N., Rieder, H.L., Bustreo, F., Cohn, D.L., Nunn, P., (1998) New Engl. J. Med., 338, p. 1641Deng, H., Murkin, A.S., Schramm, V.L., (2006) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, p. 7765Lee, C.E., Goodfellow, C., Javid-Majd, F., Baker, E.N., Lott, J.S., (2006) J. Mol. Biol., 355, p. 784Parry, R.J., (1972) Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds in Indoles, Part II, 25. , Houlihan W.J. (Ed), Wiley-Interscience, New York pp 1-64Shivakumar, D.M., Bruice, T.C., (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 101, p. 14379Altamirano, M.M., Blackburn, J.M., Aguayo, C., Fersht, A.R., (2000) Nature, 403, p. 617Eberlin, M.N., (2007) Eur. J. Mass Spectrom., 13, p. 18Hsu, F.F., Turk, J., Owens, R.M., Rhoades, E.R., Russell, D.G., (2007) J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 18, p. 466Knight, W.B., Swiderek, K.M., Sakuma, T., Calaycay, J., Shively, J.E., Lee, T.D., Covey, T.R., Griffin, P.R., (1993) Biochemistry, 32, p. 2031Kirschner, K., Szadkowski, H., Jardetzky, T.S., Hager, V., (1987) Methods Enzymol., 142, p. 386Hennig, M., Darimont, B.D., Jansonius, J.N., Kirschner, K., (2002) J. Mol. Biol., 319, p. 757noteLapis, A.A.M., Neto, B.A.D., Scholten, J.D., Nachtigall, F.M., Eberlin, M.N., Dupont, J., (2006) Tetrahedron Lett., 47, p. 6775Santos, L.S., Neto, B.A.D., Consorti, C.S., Pavam, C.H., Almeida, W.P., Coelho, F., Eberlin, M.N., Dupont, J., (2006) J. Phys. Org. Chem., 19, p. 731Neto, B.A.D., Lapis, A.A.M., Mancilha, F.S., Vasconcelos, I.B., Thum, C., Basso, L.A., Santos, D.S., Dupont, J., (2007) Org. Lett., 9, p. 4001Russowsky, D., Neto, B.A.D., (2003) Tetrahedron Lett., 44, p. 2923Russowsky, D., Neto, B.A.D., (2004) Tetrahedron Lett., 45, pp. 1437-1440Pilli, R.A., Robello, L.G., Camilo, N.S., Dupont, J., Lapis, A.A.M., Neto, B.A.D., (2006) Tetrahedron Lett., 47, p. 166
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