109 research outputs found
Financial mismanagement in the football industry - Solutions and future business operations
No full textAuthor: Atte Auvinen
Title of thesis: FINANCIAL MISMANAGEMENT IN THE FOOTBALL INDUSTRY – SOLUTIONS AND FUTURE BUSINESS OPERATIONS
Date: 5 April 2021
Degree: Bachelor of Science in Economics and Business Administration
Supervisor: Marta Zieba
Objectives
The main objective of this study was to identify areas of financial mismanagement in the football industry, introduce previous solutions, and discuss possible improvements and new solutions. Additionally, to create a basic understanding of the industry, a throughout introduction is made by identifying the business models, structure, and nature of football clubs.
Summary
The study was conducted through literature, official documents from the regulatory bodies (UEFA, Deloitte), and data from different databases (UEFA, transfermarkt.com). These were used to identify the areas of financial mismanagement, and to introduce the existing regulations, which were used as a base for further discussion on possible solutions.
Conclusions
Based on the literature and current financial situation of football clubs, it can be concluded that football clubs have to choose between sporting success and financial success, and live in a hypercompetitive environment, where they generate negligible profits and are always close to insolvency. Discussed solutions include the introduction of a legal body with control over the European football clubs, which creates the possibility for more coherent regulations, or even for a hard salary cap.
Keywords: Financial Fair Play Regulations, financial mismanagement, football industry
Language: English
Grade
Bayesian mixed effect models to account for environmental modulators of acute malnutrition treatment in children
No full textAcute child malnutrition is not only a global public health problem influenced not only by very diverse factors, including socioeconomic and dietary aspects, but also by seasonal and geographic factors. The present study is a secondary analysis that attempts to characterize which variables have influenced the Middle Upper-Arm Circumference (MUAC) upon admission and the Length of Stay (LOS) for treatment recovery. The sample of children analysed was 852. Initially, data cleaning and a reduction of the dimensionality of dietary diversity were carried out. A selection of the importance of the variables using the Watanabe Akaike Information Criteria (WAIC) was carried out prior to the adjustment of Bayesian mixed effects models, with the variables of travel time to health site and week of admission as random factors, on the MUAC and LOS variables. Clear differences were seen between both contexts, highlighting significant interactions of travel time in Niger while the seasonal effect stood out in Mali. The MUAC models identified a positive effect of age in both contexts, and in Niger, influences of diet diversity, comorbidities, breastfeeding and vaccination appeared. On the other hand, the LOS models highlighted the severity upon admission, and, in Niger, also factors related to the treatment protocol and the distance to the water source, while in Mali, the quality of water was more decisive. The present study shows the importance of considering acute child malnutrition from a multidimensional and complex approach, where diverse factors (biological, socioeconomic, ecological, etc.) can influence directly or as modulators of the disease and its treatment.Funding
Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This research project was funded by Elrha's Research for Health in Humanitarian Crisis (R2HC) programme. R2HC aims to improve health outcomes for people affected by crises by strengthening the evidence base for public health interventions. The R2HC programme is funded by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO), Wellcome and the UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). LJ S-M was granted with a predoctoral fellowship from the Complutense University and Banco Santander
Duality of moduli in regular toroidal metric spaces
No full textWe generalize a result of Freedman and He [4, Theorem 2.5], concerning the duality of moduli and capacities in solid tori, to sufficiently regular metric spaces. This is a continuation of the work of the author and Rajala [12] on the corresponding duality in condensers.peerReviewe
Converging corporate laws : development and framework of corporate takeover defensive tactics between United States and Finland
No full textDeveloped common-law jurisdictions have had better economic performance in comparison to continental European countries. An integral part of corporate risk management is defending against hostile takeover attempts. Hostile takeover activity is by majority represented in the countries with more widely dispersed share ownership, such as the United States and United Kingdom. One side suggests that ultimately corporate governance structures around the global economy will converge with the United States shareholder-oriented model.
This paper will focus on discussing whether the United States practices in mergers and acquisitions regarding hostile takeover defensive tactics have impacted the way regulators in Europe and Finland allow and apply similar takeover defense corporate governance mechanisms. The author will compare U.S. law and case law to the European Takeover Directive and later to the Finnish Limited Liability Companies Act and the Securities Markets Act. The research question is whether Finland as part of the EU is converging to the Anglo-American legal standard in terms of hostile takeover defense tactics.
The author finds that elements of U.S. corporate law has been transplanted to Finnish corporate laws and that similar tactics aimed at frustrating or defeating a hostile takeover can be used in Finland
The Metamorphoses of Prague School Structural Poetics
No full textSládek, Ondřej, The Metamorphoses of Prague School Structural Poetics, Travaux linguistiques de Brno, 12, München, Lincom europa, 2015, 198 p., ISBN 978–3–86288–613–5, prix : 80.10 euros. In the present volume, the author concentrates on tracing and analysing the metamorphoses of Czech literary structuralism in the course of the 20th century. Attention is focused primarily on the works and approaches of those Czech literary theoreticians and historians who went into exile. The author has atte..
Professional Social Media Usage : Work Engagement Perspective
No full textSocial media enables information sharing and social interaction within organization. This research aims to analyze how both work- and nonwork-related communication with colleagues and the work community on social media is associated with work engagement among Finnish professionals. A total of five Finnish professional organizations (N = 563) and a representative sample of the Finnish working population (N = 1817) contributed to the survey data, which was analyzed with structural equation modeling. We found a direct positive association between work-related communication and work engagement among Finnish working population, and a positive indirect associations between both work- and nonwork-related communication and work engagement via organizational identification and social support. Findings suggest that communication in social media supports work engagement via organizational identification and social support. Organizations should pay more attention to social media communication practices and provide opportunities to build organizational identification and receive social support in social media.Peer reviewe
Creating a Facebook marketing plan : Case Prisma Lappeenranta
No full textThis thesis aimed to create a Facebook marketing plan for Prisma Lappeenranta to modernize and update the practices used by the company in their Facebook activities. The author worked as a social media representative in the case company while constructing the thesis.
Data for the thesis was drawn from mostly contemporary online sources from blogs and articles of the field, while certain concepts and models were defined with the help of literary sources. The data provided by the company’s Facebook Page’s Facebook Insights section was used in analyzing the company’s market environment and follower base. This data was then refined to create practical suggestions for the company on how to improve their social media actions.
The thesis outcome was a custom-tailored Facebook marketing plan for the case company. Implementation of the plan was excluded from the plan and left to the discretion of the company’s marketing executives
Lämmitysjärjestelmän datankeruu ja analysointi
No full textTässä opinnäytetyössä käytiin läpi esineiden internetin perusteita ja kehitettiin sovellus prosessiarvojen tallentamiseen pilvipalveluun. Sovelluksen on tarkoitus tulla Pirkanmaan liiton rahoittamaan Tarkalla ohjauksella energiatehokkuutta -hankkeeseen. Työssä perehdyttiin nykyisiin viestintäprotokolliin ja niiden toimintaan esineiden internet sovelluksessa. Tämän lisäksi työssä käydään eri tietokantavaihtoehtoja ja niiden hyödyntämistä pilvipalveluissa. Työn tavoitteena oli luoda sovellus, jossa hyödynnetään pilvipalvelun esineiden internet sovelluksia.
Työn aikana kerättiin tietoa erilaisista esineiden internetissä käytettävistä viestintäprotokollista ja tietokantavaihtoehdoista. Työssä myös tutustuttiin erilaisiin pilvipalveluntarjoajiin, joista suurimmassa keskiössä oli Microsoft Azuren -pilvipalvelun konfigurointi ja sinne lähetettävän datan keräys tietokantaan.
Työssä kehitettiin sovellus, jossa lähetettiin dataa Microsoft Azuren -pilvipalveluun, jossa palvelussa sisäisesti data säilöttiin pilvipalvelun tietokantaan. Sovelluksen data lähettämiseen ja lukemiseen käytettiin hyödyksi Node-RED kehitysympäristöä, jonka avulla pystyttiin muodostamaan informaatiosivu, jossa luetusta datasta muodostettiin kuvaaja.In this Bachelor’s thesis project, the author examined the concept of The Internet of Things (IoT), and developed an application to storage process values to the cloud service. The application was produced for the project “Energy efficiency with precise control” funded by the Council of Tampe-re Region. This thesis goes through current messaging protocols and how to use protocols in the Internet of Things application. After that the focus moves to examining different kind of databases and uses in cloud ser-vices. The Main goal of this project was to create an application to use cloud service as an IoT platform.
During the project information was collected on different options for messaging protocols and databases to communicate in an IoT environ-ment. One goal was also to go through different types of cloud services. The Focus of this thesis was configuring Microsoft Azure Cloud Service for data collection and storage in a database.
In the thesis, an application was developed to send data to the Microsoft Azure Cloud Service, where the data was internally stored in a cloud ser-vice database. The Node-RED development platform was used to send, and query data and simultaneously to make a plot for the collected data
Sävellysprosessista esitykseen : erään kantaatin tarina
No full textOpinnäytetyö käsittelee kirjoittajan säveltämän kantaatin Jesajan näky sävellysprosessia, harjoitusvaihetta ja kahta esitystä, jotka toteutettiin touko- ja elokuussa 2023. Projektin tavoitteena oli tarkastella moniulotteisen, taiteellisen musiikkiprojektin pedagogisia ja käytännöllisiä näkökulmia sekä pohtia siitä saatuja oppimiskokemuksia.
Niin säveltämiseen kuin itse harjoitusprosessiin vaikuttivat käytännölliset reunaehdot kuten kuoron ja soitinyhtyeen taitotaso, esitystilat ja aikarajoitteet. Säveltämisen apuna käytettiin tietokonealgoritmia, joka perustui rajoitelaskentaan (Constraint Satisfaction Problem). Harjoitteluvaiheessa hyödynnettiin sävellyksen virtuaaliorkesteriversiota tukemaan esittäjien valmistautumista. Koska esityksissä käytetyt kokoonpanot olivat erilaisia, kantaatti oli sovitettava jälkimmäistä esitystä varten.
Arviointi perustuu tekijän omiin havaintoihin, soittajille suunnattuun palautekyselyyn sekä kuoron kanssa tehtyyn teemahaastatteluun sekä yleisöltä saatuihin suullisesti ja digitaalisin viestein annettuihin palautteisiin.
Vaikka projektia rajoittivat useat käytännön tekijät ja sen aikana kohdattiin haasteita, osallistujien joustavuus ja resurssien tehokas hyödyntäminen mahdollistivat onnistuneen ja merkityksellisen lopputuloksen.This thesis explores the composition process, rehearsal phase, and two performances (held in May and August 2023) of the cantata Isaiah’s Vision, composed by the author. The aim of the project was to examine the pedagogical and artistic considerations involved in a complex, multidisciplinary music project and to reflect on the learning outcomes it generated.
Both the composition and the rehearsal process were influenced by practical constraints, such as the skill level of the choir and instrumental ensemble, performance venues, and time limitations. A computer algorithm based on constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) methods was used in the compositional process. During rehearsals, a virtual orchestral version of the composition was used to aid performers in their preparation. Since the ensembles used in the two performances differed, the cantata had to be arranged to suit the latter performance.
The evaluation is based on the author's own observations, a feedback survey for the instrumentalists, a themed interview with the choir, as well as verbal and digital feedback received from the audience.
Although the project was limited by various practical factors and faced several challenges along the way, the flexibility of the participants and the efficient use of available resources enabled a successful and meaningful outcome
Helsinki-Vantaan lentoaseman asematasobussien matkustajainformaatiojärjestelmän kehittäminen
No full textTämän työn tarkoituksena oli tutkia, minkälaista informaatiota Helsinki-Vantaan lentoaseman asematasobussien uusilla matkustajainformaationäytöillä tulisi näyttää. Työn toimeksiantajana toimi Finavia ja ohjaajana toimi Mika Järvinen. Päätös näyttöjen hankinnasta oli jo olemassa työtä aloittaessa. Työn tavoitteena oli hienosäätöä vaille valmis konsepti, josta matkustajille ja lentoasemalla toimiville tahoille olisi käytännön hyötyä.
Työn teoria pohjaa joukkoliikenteen matkaketjuajatteluun sekä katkeamattomaan informaatioketjuun niin kulkuvälineissä kuin vaihtoasemillakin. Tilastollisessa tutkimuksessa tutkittiin mm. mitkä lentoyhtiöt tai minkälaiset lennot tyypillisesti käyttävät asematasobusseja ja kuinka suuri osuus kaikista lennoista ja matkustajista niitä käyttävät. Työn aikana tehtyjen haastattelujen ja käytyjen keskustelujen avulla kerääntyi paljon mielipiteitä ja ideoita.
Työssä tutustuttiin myös pintapuolisesti järjestelmän tekniseen puoleen sekä bussikoordinaattorien toimintaan allokoidessa lentoja työtehtäviin. Näiden tietojen pohjalta kehitettiin mahdollisia ruudulla näytettäviä vaihtoehtoja, joista koostettiin kysely. Kysely lähetettiin eri lentoyhtiöiden sekä Finavian edustajalle, jotka pisteyttivät esitetyt vaihtoehdot. Kyselyn suosikit olivat linjassa työn tekijän kanssa, ja työssä esitetyt kehitysehdotukset perustuvat pitkälti näihin. Työssä on eritelty lähteville sekä saapuville lennoille omat ruutunsa. Näiden lisäksi esitetään muita, yleisiä parannusehdotuksia
Näyttöjen asennukset sekä uusi tietokantauudistus ovat tätä työtä viimeis- teltäessä edelleen kesken, joten työn lopputuloksissa esitellään vain kon- septi. Useat ideat mahdollistuvat vasta uuden tietokantaohjelman myötä.This thesis was commissioned by Finavia Oy and was supervised by Mika Järvinen. The purpose of this thesis was to develop a new concept of passenger information system for the apron buses at Helsinki Airport.
The aim was to create a concept without fine-tuning it: The final adjustments would be done later on when all of the screens were installed and a passenger survey could be conducted. The concept was to serve the passengers, but it should also operate as a tool for the airlines and the ground handling companies for informing passengers. The decision of installing information screens on all the buses had already been made, but a prototype screen was installed on one of the buses.
The theoretical part of this thesis is based on public transportation theory of an unbroken information chain. In the technical part, the author became familiar with many practices and some ideas through interviews. Statistical examination manifested the number of passengers using apron buses and who defined a typical passenger.
A survey was made for airline representatives and the Passenger Operations Manager with Finavia. The Suggestions listed in this thesis are largely based on these answers as well as the author’s own opinions. Other development ideas are also presented
- …
