10,452 research outputs found
Estimation of temporal parameters during sprint running using a trunk-mounted inertial measurement unit
Get PDFThis research was supported by a grant of the Universit a Italo-Francese (Call Vinci) awarded to E. Bergamini.The purpose of this study was to identify consistent features in the signals supplied by a single inertial measurement unit (IMU), or thereof derived, for the identification of foot-strike and foot-off instants of time and for the estimation of stance and stride duration during the maintenance phase of sprint running. Maximal sprint runs were performed on tartan tracks by five amateur and six elite athletes, and durations derived from the IMU data were validated using force platforms and a high-speed video camera, respectively, for the two groups. The IMU was positioned on the lower back trunk (L1 level) of each athlete. The magnitudes of the acceleration and angular velocity vectors measured by the IMU, as well as their wavelet-mediated first and second derivatives were computed, and features related to foot-strike and foot-off events sought. No consistent features were found on the acceleration signal or on its first and second derivatives. Conversely, the foot-strike and foot-off events could be identified from features exhibited by the second derivative of the angular velocity magnitude. An average absolute difference of 0.005 s was found between IMU and reference estimates, for both stance and stride duration and for both amateur and elite athletes. The 95% limits of agreement of this difference were less than 0.025 s. The results proved that a single, trunk-mounted IMU is suitable to estimate stance and stride duration during sprint running, providing the opportunity to collect information in the field, without constraining or limiting athletes’ and coaches’ activities
Phantoms of Anglo-Confederate commerce : an historical and archaeological investigation of American civil war blockade running
No full textDuring the American Civil War Wilmington, North Carolina and the
Bermudian ports of St. Georges and Hamilton served as vital links in a
complex trading network that developed to facilitate the exchange of southern
agricultural products for war materials and civilian merchandise through a
Union blockade of the Confederacy. Although that material contributed
significantly to the Confederate war effort, Anglo-Confederate blockade
running has received limited scholarly attention. Much of the associated
literature is based on memoirs rather than scholarship and does not accurately,
reflect that necessarily clandestine trade. The primary goal of this thesis is to
produce a more comprehensive and detailed picture of blockade running, the
cargoes carried through the Union blockade and the powerful steam vessels
that made Anglo-Confederate commerce possible. Unlike previous treatments,
this thesis combines the results of both archival and archaeological research.
The results illustrate the evolution of strategies involved in both establishing
and maintaining the blockade and those developed for running the blockade.
Assessment of the vessel remains and historical data associated with the
construction and procurement of steamers identifies the vessel types and
confirms that blockade runners adapted extant technology. Contrary to the
popularly held impression, no technological innovations were specifically
developed to address the demands of the trade. The spatial distribution of
wrecks and the minimal amount of cultural material surviving in association
with them, provides strong evidence that cargoes were more valuable than the
vessels. That premise influenced the strategy adopted by blockade runners.
While Confederate salvors left little evidence of cargo, historical research
revealed a wealth of new insight into the specific nature of that material. This
new evidence provides a more accurate and detailed picture of Anglo-
Confederate blockade running and the strategies, ships and cargoes that made
blockade running between Wilmington and Bermuda a success
Parent-Carer blame in autism services: A conversation with Alice Running (The Portal Podcast)
No full textIn this episode of the Portal Podcast, Professor Sarah Lonbay and Dr Lesley Deacon speak with writer and author Alice Running about the systemic issue of parent-carer blame in autism and SEND (Special Educational Needs and Disabilities) services. Drawing on her lived experience as an autistic mother of neurodivergent children, Alice explains how she has repeatedly encountered damaging narratives from professionals, ranging from assumptions about her parenting to misinterpretations of her children’s needs.
Alice discusses her research collaboration with parent advocate Danielle Jata-Hall, which surveyed over 1,000 parent carers across the UK, exposing a widespread culture of blame. She highlights how generic, non-individualised interventions, which are often based on neurotypical benchmarks, fail autistic and PDA (Pathological Demand Avoidance/Pervasive Drive for Autonomy) children, and how inappropriate support can create distress while parents are blamed for “non-compliance.”
The conversation explores the biases faced by lone parents and neurodivergent parents, the harmful conflation of disability provision and safeguarding, and the importance of autistic-informed practice, genuine listening, and professional curiosity. Alice also offers practical suggestions for change, including separating safeguarding from provision, adopting a cultural lens to assess autistic families, improving accountability, and increasing professional training
The top five spring runs from the author of Footnotes: How Running Makes Us Human
No full textPublicity piece hosted by Penguin.co.uk for "Footnotes: how running makes us human
Effect of heat treatment on small scale fragmentation of aluminium alloy
Get PDFSmall scale explosions, using a detonator, of 7075 aluminium alloy cylinders,
15-100 mm outside diameter, were carried out to investigate the effects of heat
treatment on fragmentation. This was the finest for the strongest as received
alloy and coarsest for the softest overaged alloy. This effect was similar to
that seen in investigations of the fragmentation of steel. Cylinders of 50 and
100 mm in diameter did not fragment but plastically deformed with maximum
deformation at the cylinder bottom. Fragmentation of 33 and 42 mm diameter
cylinders produced long fragments typical of the break-up of thick walled
cylinders. At smaller diameters, break-up gave fragments of several shapes,
finer fragments being largely associated with the smallest diameter cylinders
and the highest strength alloys. Results followed those seen in large scale
studies of cylinder break-up and suggest the possibility of using small scale
fragmentation experiments in the investigation of the effects of composition,
heat treatment and processing on natural fragmentation
Running economy from a muscle energetics perspective
Get PDFThe economy of running has traditionally been quantified from the mass-specific oxygen uptake; however, because fuel substrate usage varies with exercise intensity, it is more accurate to express running economy in units of metabolic energy. Fundamentally, the understanding of the major factors that influence the energy cost of running (E-run) can be obtained with this approach. E-run is determined by the energy needed for skeletal muscle contraction. Here, we approach the study of E-run from that perspective. The amount of energy needed for skeletal muscle contraction is dependent on the force, duration, shortening, shortening velocity, and length of the muscle. These factors therefore dictate the energy cost of running. It is understood that some determinants of the energy cost of running are not trainable: environmental factors, surface characteristics, and certain anthropometric features. Other factors affecting E-run are altered by training: other anthropometric features, muscle and tendon properties, and running mechanics. Here, the key features that dictate the energy cost during distance running are reviewed in the context of skeletal muscle energetics.articl
Smart red clearance extensions to reduce redlight running crashes: final report
Get PDFThis archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Title from PDF title page (viewed on January 25, 2016)."FHWA-OR-RD-16-10"--Technical report documentation page."This research project evaluated the accuracy, efficiency, and operations of three Red Light Extending system alternatives in Oregon. A field study was conducted at five intersections in Oregon with high rates of Red Light Running vehicles"--Page i.Includes bibliographical references (pages 84-88).Sponsored by Oregon Department of Transportation, Research Section; Federal Highway Administration Report no. SPR 773Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English.Final repor
Documentation and preliminary validation of H2OTRANS and DAYTRANS, two models for predicting transpiration and water stress in western coniferous forests
No full textDown East Bookshelf piece on Running the Bulls, by Maine author Cathie Pelle
No full textDown East Bookshelf piece on Running the Bulls, by Maine author Cathie Pelletier, which deals with fractures in a marriage
Am I nearly there? The effect of anticipated running distance on perceived exertion and attentional focus
No full textTwo studies tested the hypothesis that teleoanticipatory mechanisms regulate the perception of exertion (RPE) in the context of expected exercise duration by the adjustment of attentional focus. Study 1 involved 22 runners who participated in a short (8-mile) run and a long (10-mile) run on separate days. Pace did not differ between conditions (M = 6.3 mph). Runners reported on their attentional focus (proportion of associative to dissociative thoughts) and RPE at regular intervals. Study 2 involved 40 participants who ran twice on a treadmill at the same speed and gradient: once when they expected to run for 10 min (short condition) and once when they expected to run for 20 min (long condition). In both studies, RPE was lower throughout the long condition. In Study 1 there were more dissociative thoughts in the long condition. Study 2 showed the same trend, although the results were nonsignificant. In both studies RPE was inversely correlated with dissociative thoughts, supporting the hypothesis that runners pace themselves cognitively by manipulating their attentional focus
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