988 research outputs found
Environmental Lead Exposure in Children: a Problem of Developing Countries?
No full textEnvironmental exposure to lead, although not an important cause of mortality, represents one of the main causes of morbidity among children and adolescents. In general, rural communities are expected to have significantly lower blood lead levels (BLLs) than urban communities. However, this is not the case in populations living in the vicinity of lead mines and smelting facilities, where higher BLLs may occur, particularly among young children. Around 50% of Global lead production can be traced back to car battery recycling.
The aim of this study was to quantify blood lead levels (BLLs) of children living near a car battery smelting facility in Serbia, compare the levels with developed and developing countries’ standards, and identify the main determinants of lead exposure in this population. BLLs were quantified in 75 children from Zajača, a village where a car battery smelting factory is located, and 52 children from Paskovac, village 5 kilometers away from Zajača. The median BLL for both groups were 12 μg/dl, 7.60 μg/dl in children from Paskovac, and 17.5 μg/dl in children from Zajača. Even 87% of children from Zajača had the BLL above 10 μg/dl, which is comparable to urban schoolchildren in South Africa and Bangladesh. Although a European country, a candidate country for the European Union, BLLs of Serbian children were comparable to that of children living in developing countries and higher than those expected in children living near lead smelting facilities in developed countries
The Importance of Open Data in Toxicological Research and Publishing
No full textEvery year thousands of toxicological studies are performed around the World. These studies are most commonly funded by Governmental, Non-Governmental agencies, Universities, Faculties, and in the last 50 years even more so by funds provided by research funding schemes such as the Horizon 2020 and the Framework Programmes in the European Union, or the National Institutes of Health in the United States. As part of these studies, thousands of experiments and field studies are done, collecting millions of tables of data ranging from genotypes and cell-culture reactions to chemical agents, to epidemiological data on populations from different towns and countries. In addition, governmental agencies and private companies measure a vast amount of parameters regarding the environment. Recently, a very specific risk has come to attention of research funders: the results of a specific research project are published in a peer review journal, thus satisfying the basic requirements of the project call, and the raw data which was collected remains buried (or lost) in the hard-disk of participating researchers. To resolve this situation, many institutions have adopted the „Open Data“ policy, which should allow the data collected by these institutions or projects funded by them to be freely available to use and re-use by others. This philosophy was also adopted by many journals which now allow the authors of published articles to store even the raw data in their online repositories. This new trend, which might soon become a rule in the scientific publishing world, considering there are journals specifically designed to store datasets and study protocols, increases the use of already collected data, facilitates data re-use and new discoveries, but also helps authors achieve a higher impact and recognition than by just publishing their work
Analisis Pungutan Rente Ekonomi Kayu Bulat Hutan Tanaman Industri Di Indonesia
Get PDFRendahnya perolehan pungutan kayu bulat hutan tanaman industri, disamping karena lambatnya pembangunan hutan tanaman, juga dikarenakan sistem pemungutan rente ekonomi yang lemah. Kebijakan pengurangan produksi kayu bulat hutan alam, dan rencana pembangunan hutan tanaman ke depan mendorong perlunya dilakukan perbaikan sistem pungutan rente ekonomi kayu bulat hutan tanaman
Diffuse scattering in Ih ice
No full textSingle crystals of ice Ih, extracted from the subglacial Lake Vostok accretion ice layer (3621 m depth) were investigated by means of diffuse x-ray scattering and inelastic x-ray scattering. The diffuse scattering was identified as mainly inelastic and rationalized in the frame of ab initio calculations for the ordered ice XI approximant. Together with Monte-Carlo modelling, our data allowed reconsidering previously available neutron diffuse scattering data of heavy ice as the sum of thermal diffuse scattering and static disorder contribution. © 2014 IOP Publishing Ltd
Synthesis and characterization of New Dithiophosphonate Ligands
Get PDFPerthiophosphonic acid anhydrides (PTPA) are used as a starting agent in the synthesis of phosphorus-sulfur compounds[1].These derivatives can be classified into dithiophosphates, dithiophosphinates and dithiophosphonates (DTPOA). In this survey, we synthesized new DTPOAs starting from PTPAs formerly synthesized by us ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Bulat</Author><Year>2022</Year><RecNum>32</RecNum><DisplayText>[32]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>32</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2dt9vd0elr9x03eza0rp0z28z2tsap2p2t9p" timestamp="1670249129">32</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Bulat, Elif</author><author>Sağlam, Ertuğrul Gazi</author><author>Zeyrek, Celal Tuğrul</author><author>Akkoç, Senem</author><author>Zorlu, Yunus</author><author>Dal, Hakan</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Ni(II) complexes with 1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfide-based ligands: Structural insights, theoretical studies, and anticancer activities</title><secondary-title>Applied Organometallic Chemistry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Applied Organometallic Chemistry</full-title></periodical><pages>e6821</pages><volume>36</volume><number>10</number><dates><year>2022</year></dates><isbn>0268-2605</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/aoc.6821</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.6821</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[2,3]. In other words, new dithiophosphonic acids (HS2P((2,4-CH3O)2-C6H3)(ORn), HLx,y; RX1=n-propyl-, RX2=2-butyl-,Ry=methyl- were synthesized by reacting of 2,4-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane 2,4-disulfide, (SAV-A1) and 2,4-bis(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane 2,4-disulfide, (SAV-A2) with aliphatic alcohols. All DTPOAs were transformed to relating to ammonium salts, [NH4Lx,y] (Scheme 1)
Reign of Jochid Khan Bek-Bulat according to Written and Numismatic Sources »
No full textТhe Golden Horde khan Bek-Bulat’s reign is still representing the subject of debate despite both the fact that the name of this Jochid often occurs in the pages of historical and numismatic researches and the existence of separate research articles devoted to him and his coins.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the political career of Bek-Bulat according to written and numismatic sources. Its objective is to reasonably present the chronology of his reign (including consideration of the issue of his “first” reign).
Materials and methodology of the present study. The article contains high-quality enlarged images of the dangs of this khan with metrology (most of these images have been introduced into the academic circulation for the first time). The author uses these images as sources for reconstruction (or reconstruction’s verification) of historical events and identifies the main types of Bek-Pulad’s silver coins including a previously unknown type of this khan’s dangs with a designation of minting place in Saray al-Jadid. The author analyzes the type of Azak mint’s dangs with spelling of the khan’s name as “Bulad”. He reads their date as 793 AH and dates this emission back to the beginning of Bek-Bulat’s reign.
Results of the study. Oglan Bek-Bulat commanded the Tokhtamish’s troops in 1386 and 1391. After the defeat of the Golden Horde army in the Battle of the Kondurcha River, in summer 1391 Bek-Bulat was proclaimed a khan. The ensuing war between Tokhtamish and Bek-Bulat lasted quite a long time and ended with the death of the latter in the Crimea.
Conclusions. The author dates the reign of Bek-Pulad back to 793–794 AH (approximately the middle of 1391 – mid–1392 AD). Other dates indicated by scholars are based on the incorrect use of numismatic material. The question of the “first” reign of Bek-Bulat still remains open
Chemical composition of blades as an attributing feature for bulat steels of the Indo-Persian region of the 17th-19th centuries
Get PDFThe article is devoted to historical bulat blades of the Indo-Persian region. Based on a range of sources, the article reveals that comprehensive studies on historical bulat steels have been sporadic over the last hundred years due to an insufficient number of bulat samples suitable for experiments to determine patterns between steel composition, structure and properties. Attention is drawn to the fact that attribution of certain bulat blades from the collection of K.S. Khaidakov and D.A. Sukhanov raised doubts about their production time and their region of origin.
Standard typological attributive features of oriental bulat blades were combined with changes occurred in the Modern Period (the 16th – 19th centuries) with charge and fluxes of crucible process. As a result, a trend was revealed in the presence/absence of a certain number of permanent impurities in patterned steels, which are found only in the Indo-Persian region before the beginning of the 19th century.
The research result marks out that not all crucible steels which have a distinctive pattern on the blade surface can be considered as bulat by chemical composition. The article describes in detail and confirmes on specific examples the chemical sign of attribution by the quantitative content of permanent impurities.
The article presents new data concerning chemical composition of 20 collectible bulat blades of the 17th-19th centuries, including shamshirs by Asad (Asadullah) of Isfahan. It also outlines various types of patterns from the private collections of K.S. Khaidakov and D.A. Sukhanov with the indication of their corresponding chemical composition.
The authors conclude that in terms of chemical composition, macro- and microstructure, Indo-Persian bulat crucible steels form a separate group of historical blade steels, which were produced before the changes in traditional metallurgical production of the Indo-Persian region under the influence of new European technologies
<i>Chudesnyi vals</i> of Bulat Okudzhava in Polish translations
Get PDFThe article is a comparative analysis of three Polish translations of the Russian bard’s (Bulat Okudzhava’s) poem Chudesnyi vals translated by Irena Piotrovska and two different versions by Vitold Voroshilski. The author of this article concentrates on similarities and differences between the original text and its translations, as well as on poem’s musical aspects. The author also investigates how patterns and processes of lexical change determine and affect modification of poetic images and metaphors, concentrating especially on metamorphosis of a man into a plant shown in one of Okudzhava’s poems
Novi rimski vojnički natpis iz Novog Naselja kod Pakraca
Get PDFIn autumn 1989. Sasa Radesic, then a student of 7th grade of the Primary school in Pakrac, found a Roman gravestone on the field of Marinko Vujkovic, in Novo Naselje near Pakrac. The gravestone was excavated together with the base and on 25th February 1990. it was transported into the Primary school in Pakrac, where it still is (Bojcic, T., 1990., Sokac-Stimac, D.,
1993., 11) (Pictures 1 and 2).
His brothers and heritors Exorat, quintus and Sur Casii raised the epitaph in ten lines for Casius Sextus, soldier of five hundred Moorish cohorts.
The position of the finding place is very interesting. It is situated at the entrance into Pakra valley, across the earlier finding place of the similar gravestone in
Brusnik in 1913. (Hoffiller, V., Saria, B., 1938., 273-274.) The author thinks that maybe a smaller squad of that unit was placed there, displaced from the camp at the Danube limes ( Lussonium? - Dunakomlod -Barkoczi 1964, no. 147/2) for the protection of important road Siscia - Mursa along which the weapons and equipment to Roman camps on the limes were transported (Bojanovski, I., 1982., 106-122; Bulat, M.,
1989., 36-38). The arrival of the above-mentioned and thousand Moorish unit into Pannonia, and the time of the above mentioned epitaph would be the end of the 2nd and the beginning of the 3rd century (Mocsy, A.,
1962., 623). All the questions will be answered only after further research
Analiza nivelului de securitate a datelor în cadrul aplicaţiilor mobile
No full textFișierul atașat conține: Rezumat, Cuprins, Introducere, Bibliografie.Teza de master prezintă analiza tipurilor de dispozitive mobile, arhitecturile sistemelor de
operare şi identificarea sistemelor de operare folosite şi gradul de utilizare pentru diferite
dispozitive mobile. S-a considerat necesar de a efectua un studiu al vulnerabilităților sistemelor
informatice și principalelor tipuri de atacuri, precum și metode de securitate a sistemelor
informatice și a rețelelor. În lucrare se analizează şi se compară programele antivirus pentru
aplicaţiile mobile; se menţionează tipurile de software antivirus mobile și descrierea pe scurt a
fiecărui tip; se evidenţiază particularităţile aplicaţiilor mobile, nivelului de importanţă a acestora; se
iau în considerare constrângerile tehnologice pentru aplicaţiile rulate pe dispozitivele mobile, se
stabilesc caracteristicile de calitate pentru aplicaţiile mobile; se diferenţiază calitatea aplicaţiilor
mobile din punct de vedere a securităţii datelor.The master thesis presents the analysis of the types of mobile devices, the architectures and
the identification of the operating systems types and degree of their usage in the different mobile
devices. It was considered necessary to carry out a study of the vulnerabilities of the computer
systems and the main types of computer attacks, as well as methods of computer systems and
networks security. Analyses and comparison of different antivirus programs for mobile
applications is executed; are revealed and described the types of mobile antivirus software; the
particularities of the mobile applications, their level of importance are highlighted; the
technological constraints for the applications in the mobile devices are taken into account, the
quality characteristics for the mobile applications are determined; the quality of mobile applications
for data security is defind
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