2,932 research outputs found
Letter to Robert S. Stevens from the Backus Oil Co., dated 1875-11-10 (from 1875 Book of Letters to R.S.S.)
No full textThe Backus Oil CompanyThe original of this document is in the Stevens Family Papers, #1210, at the Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library, Ithaca, New York 14853
A short description of the difference between the bond-woman and the free, as they are the two covenants. With the characters and condition of each of their children. / By Isaac Backus, Pastor of a church in Middleborough. ; [Two lines of quotations]
No full text83, [1] p. ; 18 cm. (8vo)Edition statement transposed; precedes "By Isaac Backus ..." on title page.The appendix, p. [46]-83, is in reply to Ebenezer Frothingham's "A letter treating upon the subject and mode of baptism."Errata statement, p. 83.Advertisement for works "Published by the author of this pamphlet, and sold by Philip Freeman, in Union-Street, Boston, and by Thomas Green, in Newport."--p. [84]
Generalized Backus theory for poroelastic solids
No full textS.2421-2425The elastic upscaling of thinly layered rocks is typically performed by using the well- known Backus average. In layered porous structures the effect of pore- fluid pressure relaxation causes characteristic attenuation and dispersion of seismic waves. The poroelastic Backus average allows to compute the elastic high- and low- frequency limits of the layered medium, where the fluid pressure is either unrelaxed in the former and fully relaxed in the latter case, respectively. The theory of layered porous media is extended by combining the frequency dependent description of inter- layer fbw and the poroelastic Backus limits. This is generally possible due to a symmetry property of the effective elastic relaxation tensor. The result is a generalized Backus theory that allows to predict the attenuation anisotropy in addition to the dispersion anisotropy of poroelastic layered media.29Nr.
On the Backus Effect-I
No full textInternational audienceRecovering the internal geomagnetic vector field B on and outside the Earth's surface S from the knowledge of only its direction or its intensity IIBjl on S, and assessing the uniqueness of geomagnetic models computed in this way, have been long-standing questions of interest. In the present paper we address the second problem. Backus (1968, 1970) demonstrated uniqueness in some particular cases, but also produced a theoretical counterexample for which uniqueness could not be guaranteed. Using the same line of reasoning as Backus (1968), we show that adding the knowledge of the location of the dip equator on S to the knowledge of IIB 11 everywhere on S guarantees the uniqueness of the solution, to within a global sign, provided that the dip equator is made of one or possibly several closed curves on S, across which the normal component of the field changes sign (this component not being zero anywhere else)
Charitable giving for overseas development: UK trends over a quarter century
Get PDFCharitable giving is an important source of funding for overseas development and emergency relief. Donations in the UK are about a quarter of the size of government development aid. There has been strong growth over time, reflecting the activities of development charities and the public response to humanitarian emergencies. The paper examines how this charitable giving has changed since 1978, using a newly constructed panel data set on donations to individual UK charities. When did the increase take place? Did the public respond to events such as Live Aid or has there been a steady upward trend? What has been the relationship with changes in household income? Which charities have grown fastest? Have new charities displaced old? How do changes in giving for overseas compare with changes in giving for other causes
Donations for overseas development: evidence from a panel of UK charities
No full textWe model the determinants of donations made to UK overseas development charities using panel data on charities’ donation income covering a 25 year period. The paper starts by reviewing relevant theory and previous empirical work on donations to UK charities before outlining a framework in which donations are a function of fundraising, government grants, total household income, inequality in household income, disasters, Official Development Assistance, and unobserved fixed characteristics of charities. Models are estimated by the within groups estimator and also by Generalised Method of Moments (GMM). When using the GMM approach, fundraising and government grants are allowed to be endogenous. Fundraising has a powerful effect. Government grants appear to crowd in rather than crowd out donations. No impact is found from ODA. The hypothesis of a unitary income elasticity for donations cannot be rejected. Results are compared with those for non-development charities
Global seismic tomography using Backus-Gilbert inversion
Get PDFInternational audienceThe appraisal of tomographic models, of fundamental importance towards better understanding the Earth's interior, consists in analysing their resolution and covariance. The discrete theory of Backus–Gilbert, solving all at once the linear problems of model estimation and appraisal, aims at evaluating weighted averages of the true model parameters. Contrary to damped least-squares techniques, one key advantage of Backus–Gilbert inversion is that no subjective regularization is needed to remove the non-uniqueness of the model solution. Indeed, it is often possible to identify unique linear combinations of the parameters even when the parameters themselves are not uniquely defined. In other words, the non-uniqueness can be broken by averaging rather than regularizing. Over the past few decades, many authors have considered that, in addition to a high computational cost, it could be a clumsy affair in the presence of data errors to practically implement the Backus–Gilbert approach to large-scale tomographic applications. In this study, we introduce and adapt to seismic tomography the Subtractive Optimally Localized Averages (SOLA) method, an alternative Backus–Gilbert formulation which retains all its advantages, but is more computationally efficient and versatile in the explicit construction of averaging kernels. As a leitmotiv, we focus on global-scale S-wave tomography and show that the SOLA method can successfully be applied to large-scale, linear and discrete tomographic problems
Georges Bank
Get PDF© The Author(s), 1987. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Backus, Richard H. (1987). Georges Bank. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Georges Bank provides a basic and indispensable reference tool for anyone involved in studying the bank or in making decisions about its use.
Until now debates about alternative uses of the bank have been hampered by the fact that much of the basic research has been available only to specialists and has been scattered among many publications. In bringing the available information on this complex region together for the first time, Georges Bank provides a basic and indispensable reference tool for anyone involved in studying the bank or in making decisions about its use. Moreover, the depth and clarity of the book's 57 articles and 8 nontechnical introductions will make it useful for anyone involved in oceanographic or ocean policy studies.Sections cover all aspects of this huge marine ecosystem - geology, weather and climate, physical oceanography, chemistry, phytoplankton, primary production, zoology and secondary production, the fisheries, and conflicting uses. Georges Bank is the first major project of the Coastal Research Center of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The editor-in-chief, Richard H. Backus, is chairman of the Institutions's biology department. Includes 176 six-color maps, 54 four-color illustrations - 392 charts, graphs, and drawings
Backus–Smith puzzle and the European Union: It’s not just the nominal exchange rate
Get PDFCilj ovoga rada jest testiranje prisutnosti i ispitivanje pozadine Backus–Smith
nedoumice u EU. Istraživanje se temelji na tehnikama ekonometrijske analize
panel podataka, odnosno na ocjenjivanju modela s individualnim i vremenskim
efektima, kao i modela bez komponenti slučajne greške. Rezultati istraživanja
pokazuju: (a) da postoje ozbiljni dokazi o prisustvu Backus–Smith nedoumice u
EU, (b) da je u njenoj pozadini kako nominalni valutni tečaj tako i inflacijski
diferencijal i (c) da empirijski podaci snažno i uvjerljivo odbacuju pretpostavku o
potpunoj raspodjeli rizika, ali da to ne objašnjava Backus–Smith nedoumicu.
Temeljni zaključak ovog istraživanja jest da nominalni valutni tečaj nije jedini
izvor Backus–Smith nedoumice u EU, kao što je to slučaj u zemljama članicama
OECD-a.The goal of our research is testing of presence and background examination of
Backus–Smith puzzle in the EU. The research is based on the technique of
econometric analysis of panel data, i.e. on the estimation of one-way/two-way
error component models and models without effects. The results of the research
have shown that: (a) there is serious evidence on presence of the Backus–Smith
puzzle in the EU, (b) its background comprises both nominal exchange rate and
inflation differential, and (c) empirical data rejects complete risk sharing
assumption strongly and decisively, but this does not explain the Backus–Smith
puzzle. The basic conclusion of our research is that nominal exchange rate
movements are not the only source of Backus–Smith puzzle in the EU, as is the
case in OECD members states
Kitchen, B. Yoshimoto (English translation by Megan Backus)
No full text"Kitchen" is a 1988 novel by Japanese author Banana Yoshimoto. This novel enjoyed enormous popularity in the anglophone world (when it was published in English, in Megan Backus' 1993 translation), and is still very widely read. These 3 files include the beginning of the novel. Please print them out (or save them to your laptop/ tablet) so you can bring them to class when we start on Ideational Meanings
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