30 research outputs found
A Scientific Approach on the validation of Naaval Kottai Mathirai for its Safety and Efficacy in the management of Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Madhumegam): A Preclinical approach
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus is a life style systemic disorder which is increasing in rate of incidence day by day in the world. It is being a social and economical issue for the world’s population. Hence many researchers are interested to give a remedy for the disease. In that view, the researcher also had made an attempt to provide a new and permanent remedy for this disease.
In Siddha system of medicine the disease Madhumegam is correlated with the symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus. For treating Madhumegam, numerous formulations were illustrated in the Siddha literatures. Among them, a herbal formulation “Naaval Kottai Mathirai (NKM)” has been practiced a long time for treating Diabetes (Madhumegam). NKM has been chosen for the study to prove it is a safer and efficacious drug in the management of Diabetes (Madhumegam) in animal model as preclinical study.
As per the Siddha fundamental, the taste astringent improves the quality of blood and bitter taste helps to reduce the blood sugar. In this view, the ingredient seeds of Syzygium Cumini possess strong astringent taste and Aristolochia bracteolata has bitter taste. So this formulation may be effective on blood sugar control.
The trial drug Naaval Kottai Mathirai has been prepared as per the reference text in the Gunapadam lab, National Institute of Siddha after getting the proper authentication.
Three different batches of Naaval Kottai Mathirai has been prepared for the purpose of standardization. The following qualitative analytical parameters organoleptic characters, Loss on Drying, Total Ash, Water Soluble Ash, Acid insoluble Ash, Alcohol Soluble Extractive Value, Water soluble Extractive value, Preliminary Phytochemicals like Terpenoids, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Saponins, Tannins, Steroids, Anthraquinone glycosides and Amino acids were analysed. In Phytochemicals analysis, the drug NKM shows the presence of Phenols, Terpenoids, Alkaloids, Saponins, Tannins, Quinones and Glycosides.
Heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic) content of 3 samples of NKM were estimated by using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The content of Mercury, cadmium and arsenic were under below detectable levels and lead was within the permissible limits in all samples.
The microbial load, aflatoxins and pesticide levels were analyzed for the trial drug NKM and the results were found to be within the WHO permissible limits.
As per the AYUSH guidelines, the analystical parameters like physicochemical analysis, phytochemical analysis, and heavy metal analysis had been done for three samples of Naaval Kottai Mathirai. The results of the study show no difference between the three samples. Hence, one sample has been taken for further safety and efficacious studies.
The antibacterial activities of the sample NKM were carried out by disc diffusion method. From the results of this study, the drug NKM showed the significant anti-bacterial effect against the Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis.
The anti-oxidant activity of test drug NKM was studied by DPPH, Nitric Oxide, Hydrogen Peroxide and ABTS radical scavenging assay. The results showed that it has significant anti-oxidant effect.
In Vitro Alpha Amylase Inhibition activity of Naaval Kottai Mathirai has been studied at different concentrations. It showed that, moderate inhibition effect against alpha amylase (60.9%) as compared with standard acarbose (91.8%).This proves the efficacy of NKM in controlling post prandial Hyperglycemia.
In Vitro Alpha glucosidase inhibition activity of Naaval Kottai Mathirai has been studied at different concentrations. It showed that, moderate inhibition effect against alpha glucosidase (54.53%) as compared with standard acarbose (85.39%).
In-vitro Glucose uptake assay was performed for the trial drug NKM. The result of this study showed that, the drug NKM possess minimum glucose uptake activity (32.67 %) when compared with standard Rosiglitazone (113.26%).
To evaluate the safety of NKM, Wistar albino rats were used for performing acute, sub-acute and sub chronic toxicity studies following OECD guidelines. 2g/kg of NKM was tested on six rats and observed nil mortality and morbidity. Median lethal dose was estimated as more than 2g/kg for the test drug. The sub-acute toxicity and sub chronic toxicity was observed on Wistar rats by giving NKM at three dose levels (90, 450 & 900 mg/kg) for 28 days and 90 days. The test drug dose was fixed from the human conversion dose (1000 mg/day) to rat. No mortality and abnormal clinical signs were observed during 28 days and 90 days in respective studies. All test dose treated animals gave comparable body weight and organ weight gain with that of control. Haematological, biochemical parameters and urinalysis were within the normal limit. No significant abnormality was detected in gross necropsy study on organs and in H&E sliced organs.
The anti diabetic effect of NKM was carried out by high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin induced rat model. In this study, after 28days treatment of NKM, the blood sugar level and Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) was reduced, and also increased the serum insulin and Liver Glycogen Content when compared with diabetic control. This study revealed that the drug Naaval Kottai Mathirai posses good anti diabetic effect.
CONCLUSION:
From the above preclinical analytical studies, toxicity studies an In-vitro and In-vivo efficacious studies, this drug Naaval Kottai Mathirai has been proved as a safe and effective Siddha formulation for diabetes mellitus.
Finally it is concluded that the drug Naaval Kottai Mathirai is a potent anti-diabetic drug which can be used for the management of diabetes mellitus (Madhumegam) in clinical practices
IN VITRO STUDIES TO ASSESS THE ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL OF SCHLEICHERA OLEOSA (LOUR) OKEN LEAVES
Get PDF Objective: The aim of this research is to establish the antidiabetic properties of sequential extracts of Schleichera oleosa (lour) Oken leaves thru α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assay.Methods: The extracts of S. oleosa (Lour) Oken were prepared by continuous hot percolating the dried powder of the plant leaves. The various solvents were used for the extraction and qualitative assay for the phytochemical test using standard protocols. Different concentration (1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 25, and 50 mg/ml) of sequential extracts of S. oleosa leaves were used to assess the in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assay by Bernfeld and Apostolidis method.Results: In the α-amylase assay, the ethanolic extract produced 52.76% inhibition at 4 mg/ml concentration, but in ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts case 50% inhibition attained only at the concentration of 50 mg/ml, and acarbose 0.9 mg/ml was found 89.24% inhibition. In the α-glucosidase assay, the all extracts show the decent inhibitory effect in 50 mg/ml. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts exhibited a higher inhibitory effect 72.64% and 59.44% than other extracts at the concentration of 50 mg/ml, respectively, while acarbose 0.9 mg/ml was producing 86.24% inhibition. This result indicates that the inhibition of ethanolic and aqueous extracts on the activity from α-amylase and α-glucosidases is much more potent than that of other extracts.Conclusion: This study revealed that ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed the high content of polyphenols and flavonoids, which was blamed for the α-amylase and α-glucosidases inhibition. Hence, it deserved to elucidate specific components and to evaluate the antidiabetic effect using in vivo animal model
EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF POLY HERBAL SIDDHA PREPARATION KARISALAI KARPA CHOORANAM
Get PDFIn recent years, there has been a great deal of attention toward the field of free radical chemistry. Free radicals reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are generated by our body by various endogenous systems, exposure to different physiochemical conditions or pathological states. A balance between free radicals and antioxidants is necessary for proper physiological function. If free radicals overwhelm the body\u27s ability to regulate them, a condition known as oxidative stress ensues. Free radicals thus adversely alter lipids, proteins, DNA and trigger a number of human diseases. Hence the researchers are searching a potent antioxidant drug from natural resource. In ancient time it has been clearly mentioned in Siddha system of medicine as Kaaya Karpam Therapy (Rejuvenation). Karisalai Karpa Chooranam (KKC) is a powerful poly herbal Siddha preparation mentioned in ancient Siddha literature. This medicine is indicated for Paandu (Anaemia), Kaamalai (Jaundice), Kalleral veekkam (Hepatomegaly), Sobai (Generalized edema), Skin diseases and helps to enhance the immune system. It is a powerful rejuvenating medicine in siddha system and used as a Kaayakalpam. This study is aimed to screen the antioxidant effect of KKC. In this study DPPH, Nitric Oxide and ABTS radical scavenging studies were performed. The results of this study shows that the percentages of inhibition in DPPH, Nitric Oxide and ABTS radical scavenging studies are 48.4 % (standard drug Ascorbic acid -78.64%), 50.7 % (Gallic acid – 86.2%) and 60 % (Gallic acid – 91.16%) respectively and thus, our findings provide evidence that KKC could be a potential source of natural antioxidant and it may be used as rejuvenating medicine for vast therapeutic effects, gives a powerful body, mind and soul with long-lasting life
IN VITRO STUDIES TO ASSESS THE ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL OF SCHLEICHERA OLEOSA (LOUR) OKEN LEAVES
No full text Objective: The aim of this research is to establish the antidiabetic properties of sequential extracts of Schleichera oleosa (lour) Oken leaves thru α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assay.Methods: The extracts of S. oleosa (Lour) Oken were prepared by continuous hot percolating the dried powder of the plant leaves. The various solvents were used for the extraction and qualitative assay for the phytochemical test using standard protocols. Different concentration (1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 25, and 50 mg/ml) of sequential extracts of S. oleosa leaves were used to assess the in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assay by Bernfeld and Apostolidis method.Results: In the α-amylase assay, the ethanolic extract produced 52.76% inhibition at 4 mg/ml concentration, but in ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts case 50% inhibition attained only at the concentration of 50 mg/ml, and acarbose 0.9 mg/ml was found 89.24% inhibition. In the α-glucosidase assay, the all extracts show the decent inhibitory effect in 50 mg/ml. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts exhibited a higher inhibitory effect 72.64% and 59.44% than other extracts at the concentration of 50 mg/ml, respectively, while acarbose 0.9 mg/ml was producing 86.24% inhibition. This result indicates that the inhibition of ethanolic and aqueous extracts on the activity from α-amylase and α-glucosidases is much more potent than that of other extracts.Conclusion: This study revealed that ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed the high content of polyphenols and flavonoids, which was blamed for the α-amylase and α-glucosidases inhibition. Hence, it deserved to elucidate specific components and to evaluate the antidiabetic effect using in vivo animal model.</jats:p
In vitro Anti-Diabetic and Antioxidant Potential of the Siddha formulation Mega Sanjeevi Chooranam
Get PDFBackground: The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) presents a significant public health challenge due to its long-term complications and its role as a primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which have both economic and social implications. Plant-derived antidiabetic drugs are being extensively studied due to their safety and efficacy. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant potential of the formulation Mega Sanjeevi Chooranam (MSC) through in-vitro investigation. Materials and Methods: The in vitro investigation of traditional siddha formulation MSC were performed to ascertain its inhibitory potential against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes along with antioxidant analysis. Results: The MSC displayed the highest activity against α-amylase enzyme, with a percentage inhibition of 73.44 ± 6.87% (IC50, 299.4 ± 27.27 μg/ml), followed by a moderate level of α-glucosidase inhibition at 48.89 ± 13.38% (IC50, 402.2 ± 86 μg/ml). Furthermore, the MSC exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity in quenching ABTS● radicals (IC50, 110.1 ± 18.6 μg/ml), followed by DPPH● (IC50, 144.4 ± 36.8 μg/ml), H2O2● (IC50, 172.7 ± 39.3 μg/ml), and NO● radicals (IC50, 238.4 ± 58.56 μg/ml). Conclusion: In conclusion the formulation MSC demonstrated the significant antioxidant activity and effectively inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme activities. Further study is needed to isolate bioactive phytoconstituents and determine the molecular mechanism behind their antidiabetic effect
Antimicrobial effect of Siddha preparation Vazhai kizhangu neer and Amuri against common urinary pathogens
Get PDFUrinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection.It occurs in any part of the urinary tract mostly affects lower urinary tract which is common in women. Almost half of all women will experience UTI once during their lifetime. The elderly, patients with diabetes or multiple sclerosis, patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/human immunodeficiency virus, patients with spinal cord injuries and/or catheters are at high risk for UTI. Resistance development, adverse reactions of antibiotics, and other problems lead to find out the alternative approaches like remedies from natural resources in controlling UTIs. This study is aimed to validate the anti-microbial effect of natural products VazhaiKizhangu Neer and Amuri obtained from plantain tree (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) which are used for UTI in siddha system. The both samples were subjected to antimicrobial activity by well diffusion method. The result shows that, the zone of inhibition (in mm) for VazhaiKizhangu Neer and Amuri against common urinary pathogens E.coli, Pseudomonas aeuriginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae was 14, 15; 9, 11; 0, 12; 14,13 respectively. These results revealed that both samples are potentially effective in suppressing microbial growth of urinary pathogens. Comparatively, the Antimicrobial activity of Amuri was almost equal to VazhziKizhzngu Neer. This study may authenticate the usage of VazhaiKizhangu Neer and Amuri for the management of Urinary Tract Infections
Ethnomedicinal survey among Kani Tribes and traditional healers in Selected Tribal populations of Trivandrum district
Get PDFIndian tribes constitute around 8.3% of the total population. The health problems of tribal communities are influenced by the interaction of various socioeconomic and political factors. An attempt is made to document the traditional knowledge of the Kani tribes in the floristically rich Peringamala panchayath of Thiruvananthapuram district. The investigation revealed that the Kani tribes were using 127 species of ethnomedicinal plants, belonging to 57 families. The most cited family was Fabaceae and leaves were the most frequently used plant parts for the treatment of various diseases. Some medicinal plants used by Kani tribes which are included in the list of rare and endangered categories, such as Aristolochia tagala, Holostemma adakodien, Entada scandens, Anaphyllum beddomeii, decalepsis arayalpathra which are vanishing from the tribal settlement areas. So special attention should be given to cultivate and conserve these rare medicinal plants by making them available for mass cultivation, either through conventional methods or other non-conventional methods like micropropagation. The study showed that the Kani tribes have good knowledge about medicinal plants that have been passed orally from generation to generation. Current healers may be the final generation of Kani tribal healers. Due to rapid socio-economic and cultural changes, there is a possibility of losing the treasure of tribal knowledge in near future. The wealth of this tribal knowledge would lead to a greater potential for the Indian system of medicine towards new drug discovery and development
In vitro validation of anti-diabetic and free radical scavenging property of Naaval Kottai Mathirai, a promising Siddha drug for the management of Diabetes mellitus
No full text291-296The World Health Organization (WHO) reported 422 million total Diabetic population worldwide and about 1.5 million death rates caused due to it. Diabetes Mellitus (Madhumegam) is a disease classified under Neerinai Perkukkal Noi (diseases causing excessive urination) caused due to increased kapam humour. Naaval Kottai Mathirai (NKM) is a unique herbal Siddha drug prepared from Aristolochia bracteolata which has bitter taste and Syzygium cumini which has astringent taste. The herbal formulation NKM neutralizes kapam and hence effective in Madhumegam. In vitro studies like alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase inhibitory assays were performed to prove the anti diabetic effect of the drug NKM. DPPH (2,2- Diphenyl 1-2 picrylhydrazyl) assay, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay (H₂O₂) and nitric oxide radical scavenging assay were doneto evaluate its antioxidant potency. The results showed that minimum alpha amylase inhibitory activity ranged from19.42±5.92 to 60.92±3.98%, with an IC50 value 70.9±12.37 μg/mL, when it is compared with standard drug acarbose, whichshowed inhibition ranged from 39.83±2.18 to 91.08±5.43 with an IC50 value 13.29±1.95 μg/mL in various concentrationlevels of NKM. The IC50 value of Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) was noted as 48.61±1.69 μg/mL and NKM as67.19±7.81 μg/mL for the H2O2 scavenging antioxidant activity. In nitrogen scavenging antioxidant activity, it was observedthat IC50 value of gallic acid was 23.02 μg/mL and NKM was 79.13 μg/mL. In DPPH scavenging activity, for ascorbic acid,the standard showed its IC50 value as 13.36 μg/mL and NKM as 53.39 μg/mL. The phytoconstituents present in NKM mayenrich the antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of the drug
ANTI BACTERIAL EFFECT OF SIDDHA PREPARATION NAAVAL KOTTAI MATHIRAI AGAINST COMMON URINARY PATHOGENS
Get PDFUrinary tract infections are more common, more severe, and carry worse out comes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. They are more often caused by resistant pathogens. The management of UTI in diabetes patients is very difficult. The patients are undergoing for antibiotic treatment for this issue in every occasion. In Siddha system, the diabetes has been successfully treated with traditional Siddha preparations which are poly herbal, herbo-mineral and metallic formulations. Most of the Siddha anti-diabetic preparations are possessing anti bacterial effect along with its anti-diabetic effect. So the management of urinary tract infections in diabetic patients is very easy. Naaval Kottai Mathirai is one among the anti-diabetic Siddha herbal preparation which is prepared from the seeds of Syzygium cumini (L.) skeels and Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. leaf juice. An attempt has been made to screen the antibacterial effect of NKM against the selected pathogens which are commonly responsible for UTI particularly in diabetes by disc diffusion method. The result of this study is really appreciable. The result of this study showed the marked anti bacterial effect against Escherichia coli 15mm, Staphylococcus aureus 17mm, Bacillus subtilis 14mm, Klebsiella pneumonia 12mm, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 12mm and Enterococcus faecalis 11mm. Finally this study concluded that, the drug NKM can be used for diabetes and UTI particularly in diabetic patients. Further studies are needed to explore the novel antibacterial bioactive molecules
Determination of Antioxidant Activity of various extracts of <i>Pajanelia longifolia</i> (Willd.) K. Schum, isolation and characterization of Flavonoid from Ethanol extract by Column Chromatography
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