72 research outputs found
“Examples of Truly Original Writing”: The Influence of Children’s Composition as Advocated in Akai tori
No full textThis study note explores the criteria Miekichi Suzuki, the chief editor of the children’s literature magazine Akai tori （launched in 1918）, used in selecting essays composed by children. Little attention has been paid to the way Suzuki contrasted vulgar journalism with what he considered ideal compositions. Juxtaposing the standards for children’s compositions that appeared in Akai tori with those of educators active since the early Taisho period such as Enosuke Ashida reveals that their approaches are quite different. The author surmises that Suzuki’s purpose was to protect children from the “malign” influence of journalism and to draw children to the realm of real art in writing and to establish a canon that could serve as a benchmark for children’s writing in modern Japan. Focusing on his criticism of bad examples of composition, this note traces the development of his method.departmental bulletin pape
How did Saburo Mori Encounter Rose Fyleman
No full textSaburo Mori (1911-93) is described as born in Kariya-machi, Hekikai-gun [today’s Kariya], Aichi, in 1911, and at the age of 20, his story “Akana Soemon Kyodai” [Akana Soemon Brothers] was accepted in juvenile monthly magazine Akai Tori by Miekichi Suzuki (1882-1936), before being employed at the Akai Tori company in Tokyo, as an editor-writer, in 1932 (Sakai, 1995). Kamiya (2014) revealed that his early stories of “Akai Post” [Red Post] and “Komori-gasa” [Umbrella] in 1931 and “Tsumuji-kaze” [Whirlwind] in 1936 were the retold of the work of English children’s author Rose Fyleman (1877-1957). This paper is to discover how Saburo Mori encountered the fairy stories of Rose Fyleman. After pure speculation that Sabro’s elderly brother Senzo Mori (1895-1985) might have acted as a mediator as in “Akana Soemon Kyodai” retold from Lafcadio Hearn’s "Of a Promise Kept" (Sakai, 1995) in A Japanese Miscellany (1901), the author finds a small footnote of “a drama by Fyleman” in the katakana syllabary at the end of “Gin-no uwagi” [Silver coat] by Miekichi Suzuki in 1926 March issue. The linkage of Saburo Mori and Rose Fyleman through Miekichi Suzuki is discussed, and how Fyleman's works have been accepted in Japan for a century is revealed.departmental bulletin pape
森三郎はいかにしてローズ・ファイルマンを知ったか
No full textSaburo Mori (1911-93) is described as born in Kariya-machi, Hekikai-gun [today’s Kariya], Aichi, in 1911, and at the age of 20, his story “Akana Soemon Kyodai” [Akana Soemon Brothers] was accepted in juvenile monthly magazine Akai Tori by Miekichi Suzuki (1882-1936), before being employed at the Akai Tori company in Tokyo, as an editor-writer, in 1932 (Sakai, 1995). Kamiya (2014) revealed that his early stories of “Akai Post” [Red Post] and “Komori-gasa” [Umbrella] in 1931 and “Tsumuji-kaze” [Whirlwind] in 1936 were the retold of the work of English children’s author Rose Fyleman (1877-1957). This paper is to discover how Saburo Mori encountered the fairy stories of Rose Fyleman. After pure speculation that Sabro’s elderly brother Senzo Mori (1895-1985) might have acted as a mediator as in “Akana Soemon Kyodai” retold from Lafcadio Hearn’s "Of a Promise Kept" (Sakai, 1995) in A Japanese Miscellany (1901), the author finds a small footnote of “a drama by Fyleman” in the katakana syllabary at the end of “Gin-no uwagi” [Silver coat] by Miekichi Suzuki in 1926 March issue. The linkage of Saburo Mori and Rose Fyleman through Miekichi Suzuki is discussed, and how Fyleman's works have been accepted in Japan for a century is revealed
Late-Glacial bifacial microblade core technologies in Hokkaido : An implication of human adaptation along the northern Pacific Rim
No full textThe wedge-shaped microblade core technology found along the northern Pacific Rim has been regarded as a trait of hunter-gatherer adaptation during the Late Glacial and initial Holocene. Having recognized variable microblade core reduction methods among the technocomplexes in Hokkaido, by employing an optimization model in lithic technology, the present paper addresses the question of what role bifacial microblade core technologies played in foraging, through a comparative analysis of utility, cost of transportation, and failure rates between the larger ("Sakkotsu") and smaller ("Oshorokko") bifacial microblade core technologies in the Late Glacial Hokkaido. Results suggest that as opposed to the larger bifacial microblade core technology, the smaller bifacial microblade core technology was more effective for exploring unpredictable environment across the northern Pacific Rim
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAIL STUDIES ON THE HEMOLYSIS AND THE UNTOWARD REACTIONS OF PRESERVED BLOOD TRANSFUSION. PART Ⅲ. ON THE PATHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL PATTERN OF EXPERIMENTAL HEMOGLOBINEMIA
No full textThe most severe untoward reaction due to blood transfusion is hemolytic reaction which is more often seen in preserved blood transfusion. The cause of this reaction is hemoglobinemia which is resulted by the destruction of red cell. The most important clinical signs of this reaction are the early shock syndrome and late renal failure. To know the pathophysiological pattern of this reaction, the author studied on the experimental hemoglobinemia in dogs. 1. In the experimental hemoglobinemia in dogs, the hemoglobin is excreted in urine when the concentration of hemoglobin in blood plasma is over 150 mg/dl. In the group of alkali-urine There is found the parallel relation between the concentrations in blood plasma and in urine. On the contrary, in the group of acid-urine there is no parallel relation in both. 2. The changes in circulatory volumes; In the early stadium of experimental hemoglobinemia, the circulatory plasma volume decreases markedly, especially in the group of acid-urine. The circulatory blood volume decreases in relative smaller grade than that of plasma volume. This means the concentration of blood. The decreasing of circulatory red cell volume is seen. 3. The constrictin of blood vessels in experimental hemoglobinemia: This change was studied by angiography by 70% jod-pyraceton. In the just after stadium there are shown the marked constriction of A. renalis and relative constriction of A. coeliaca or relative dilatation of A. mesenterica. after 30 minutes there are shwon most marked constriction of all abdominal vessels, especially of A. renalis. The over mentioned constriction of vessels die to experimental hemoglobinemia identify to the marked sympaticotonic state and may be said as re-distribution mechanism of blood to central organs. The cortical shunting of renal circulation is also shown. 4. Liver function; There are seen relative severe disturbance of liver functions (Takada's reaction, Thymol reaction, CaCl(2) reaction etc). The amino-acid curves of blood plasma show the hypofunction of oxygenation in liver, namely anoxia of liver. 5. Renal functions; The renal blood flow and glomerular filtration ratio decrease, but F.F. increases. The non-resorption tatio increases markedly and this means the marked increasing of resorption function. The author concluded these patho-physiological pattern of experimental hemoglobinemia as the following schema
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE HEMOLYSIS AND THE UNTOWARD REACTIONS OF PRESERVED BLOOD TRANSFUION. PART Ⅱ. ON THE PATHO PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES OF RENAL FUNCTIONS DUE TO THE PRESERVED BLOOD TRANSFUSION
No full textThere has been found by author that the preserved blood transfusion results somewhat remarkable pathological changes in the renal functions without any evident clinical signs. In the patients of hypoproteinemia, anemia and dehydrated state there are seen temporary decreasings of urine flow after transfusion. This tendency is moremarkedly in the various kinds of untoward reactions. Thus the author studied on the pathological changes of renal functions by renal clearance method. 1. Type Ⅰ of pathophysiological changes in renal functions: This type of pathophysiological changes did not show any kinds of Oxford shunting and is seen in the patients of nearly normal state or anemia without untoward reactions. In this type there was seen the mechanism to maintain the glomerular filtration-function to compensate decreasing of renal blood flow which was resulted by dilatation of extrarenal blood vessels due to blood transfusion. In the other hand, there are seen, in the meaning of humoral mechanism, early adrenalin effects or early antiduretic hormon effects and late DOCA effects or decreasing of mineral excreations. 2. Type Ⅱ of pathophysiological changes in renal fonctions: This type means the presence of Oxford shunting Ⅰ in slight grade and is seen in the patients of hypoproteinemia and dehydorated state without untoward reactions. The disturbance in the course of inactivation of antiduretic hormon in liver. This disturbance as well as the decreasing of cortical reactions in epinephral glands results the abnormal renal circulations as Oxford shunting, even it is temporarily. 3. Renal functions in the fever reactions: In this untoward reaction, the predominant mechanism of renal function-change is homeostatic one which means the constriction of blood vessels in the region of internal organs. But homeostasis itsself do not bring about the abnormal renal circulation. In the patients of hypoproteinemia and dehydrated state, the fever reaction results the various type of Oxford shunting and severe decreasing or renal flow in cooperation of homeostasis and type Ⅱ of patho-physiological changes in renal function as over montioned. 4. Renal functions in the hemolytic reactions: There are seen the various kinds of Oxford shuntig in every cases of this untoward reactions and the durations of such abnormal renal circulation are more longer. Especially in the severe hemolytic reactions, the abnormal renal functions identify to that of shock reaction as Oxford shunting Ⅲ
Human responses to the Younger Dryas in Japan
No full textThe effect of the Younger Dryas cold reversal on the survival of Late Glacial hunter-gatherers in the Japanese Archipelago is evaluated, through a synthetic compilation of 14C dates obtained from excavated Late Glacial and initial Holocene sites (332 14C dates from 88 sites). The estimated East Asian monsoon intensity and vegetation history based on the loess accumulations in varved sediments and pollen records in and around the Japanese Archipelago suggest an abrupt change to cool and dry climate at the onset of Younger Dryas, coupled with the Dansgaard–Oeschger Cycles as recorded in Greenland. The chronometric placement of sites based on an assessment of 14C dates show that the site numbers decrease from the Bølling–Allerød to Younger Dryas and increase from the Younger Dryas to Preboreal. However, human population dynamics inferred from a site distribution analysis was little changed from the previous Bølling–Allerød and to the following Preboreal. Moreover, hunter-gatherers consistently employed ceramic pottery technology since its emergence prior to the onset of Younger Dryas, while the quantity of ceramic vessels that were undermined during the Younger Dryas dramatically increased at the onset of the Holocene, implying that a substantial change in hunter-gatherer socioeconomy occurred after the end of Younger Dryas
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE HEMOLYSIS AND THE UNTOWARD REACTIONS OF PRESERVED BLOOD TRANSFUSION. PART Ⅰ. ON THE RELATIONS OF HEMOLYSIS OF PRESERVED BLOOD TO UNTOWARD REACTIONS OF TRANSFUSION
No full textIn the recent several years, it is necessary to use the preserved blood in the surgical procedures because of the reasons that the dvelopements of surgical techniques have demended the great amounts of blood transfusions. But it may be said that the preserved blood transfusion has many unknown clinical problems, even its clinical usefulness. The author studied on the relation of hemolysis of preserved blood to untoward reactions of transfusion in Part Ⅰ of this studies. 1. On the clinical investigations of hemolytic reactions by preserved blood transfusion: The hemolytic reaction is the most important and severe untoward reaction. In this reaction, the patient shows the so-called hemolytic shock and, in the latter, studium, has the crisis due to renal failure. The causes of this reaction, which shows the destruction of blood cells in the patient, may be said in (1) incompatible blood transfusion, (2) massive transfusion of O-type blood and (3) transfusion of hemolysed blood. The statistical analysis of the untoward reactions due to preserved blood transfusion in
the Tsuda's Surgical Department shows that 80% of untoward reactions are fever or allergic ones and 0.8% , 14 cases, are hemolytic reactions. 6 cases of these hemolytic reaetions are occurred in incompatible blood transfusions and other 8 cases are seen in compatible blood transfusions. The main causes of latter 8 cases have the intimate relations to the hemolysis of preserved blood But, it is remarkable that the clinical severity of this reaction is not identified the grade of hemolysis or the quantity of incompatible blood transfusion and is in the more intimate relations to the patho-physiological states of the patients. 2. The grade of hemolysis and the untoward reactions; There are seen no definite intimate relations between the grade of hemolysis, ocurrences of untoward reactions and the kinds of untoward reactions. 3. The patho-physiological states of the patients and the untoward reactions; The author classified the next four groups in the meanings of patho-physiology. (1) nearly normal state, (2) anemia, (3) hypoproteinemia and (4) dehydrated state. In the latter 3 groups there are shown the untoward reactions in the ratio of over twice numbers than the group of nearly normal state. The allergic reactions are seen in hypoproteinemia group in the most high ratio. On the contrary, the fever and hemolytic reactions are often seen in the groups of anemia and dehydrated state. 4. Experimental studies on the hemolysis of preserved blood: The atuthor has the experimental studies on the hemolysis of preserved blood, especially on the influences of preservation days, transportation, shaking, filtratron, temperature, mixtures with many other physiological transfued solutions etc.. All over mentioned mechanical procedures show the unexpected important influences on the hemolysis of preserved blood, and especially show the marked hemolysis in the longer preservation days. These hemolytic tendencies are seen most intense in the duration of 1 week of preservation. In the conclusions of these clinical and experimental studies, there must be said that it should be taken the most careful handling in the presereved blood transfusions even mechanically as well as criticizing of hemolytic states of preserved blood itself and shonld use the preserved blood of duration of within one week to the poor risked patients
ChemInform Abstract: One-Pot Synthesis of Optically Active Allyl Esters via Lipase-Vanadium Combo Catalysis.
No full textOn the Stress Analysis and the Stability Computation of Earth Embankments. Part I Stress Distribution in Earth Embankments
No full textAs the fundamental research for the stability analysis in the embankment design, the stress distribution and the character of pore pressures in earth embankments are investigated in this paper. In the author's stability analysis, the residual strength reserved in the embankment at the natural state is estimated, and then the externally applied forces and the internally acting pore pressures are computed. Thus, the stability of the earth embankment is checked by comparing these forces with each other. Part I is described concerning the stress distribution in earth embankments. First, scrutinizing several conventional studies ever presented, it is pointed out that there exist some inaccuracies or contradictions in the substantial problem of determining the stability of the structure, although they have the remarkable importance partially. Then, in order to modify these inconsistencies and to develop their substances, the author introduces the concept of the residual strength in the embankment and designates the stress distribution at rest as the function of compaction. Therefore, the coefficient of earth pressure at rest or of compaction is treated as a factor of importance to estimate the stress distribution in this analytical solution. The character of pore pressures in earth embankments is studied in Part II, to investigate their effects on the stability of the structure. In this part of the paper, stability analyses during the fill construction and for rapid-drawdown of the reservoir are described, illustrating some numerical calculations, respectively. The failure of the earth embankment due to these pore pressures is still considered as progressive one. In the result, it is shown that such pore pressures have a serious effect on the stability of the earth embankment, whereupon the method of reasonable design should be established
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