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Penentuan kadar unsur hara(C, N, P, K), uji aktivitas antijamur dan enzim pada ekoenzim kulit buah jeruk (Citrus SP.), nanas (Ananas comosus), pepaya (Carica papaya L.)
Get PDFEkoenzim adalah larutan hasil fermentasi kulit buah. Ekoenzim diduga memiliki kandungan unsur hara, aktivitas antijamur serta berbagai aktivitas enzim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar unsur hara karbon (C), nitrogen (N), fosfor (P), kalium (K), mengidentifikasi aktivitas antijamur terhadap jamur Phytophthora infestan, mengidentifikasi metabolit sekunder dan mengidentifikasi aktivitas enzim amilase serta fosfatase. Metode yang digunakan untuk analisis kadar karbon adalah Walkley Black dan analisis kadar nitrogen dengan metode Kjeldahl. Pada analisis kadar fosfor, sampel didestruksi terlebih dahulu dengan HCl kemudian diukur absorbansinya menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Sedangkan untuk analisis kadar kalium, sampel didestruksi dengan HNO₃ dan HClO₄ lalu kadarnya diukur menggunakan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (SSA). Uji aktivitas antijamur dilakukan menggunakan metode Poisoned food dan metode difusi. Sedangkan uji aktivitas enzim amilase dilakukan menggunakan metode Fuwa dan aktivitas enzim fosfatase menggunakan metode difusi. Kadar karbon diperoleh sebesar 1,88%, kadar Nitrogen sebesar 0,04% untuk kadar fosfor dan kalium sebesar 0,02% dan 1,04%. Hasil dari uji antijamur menunjukkan bahwa ekoenzim memiliki aktivitas terhadap antijamur pada konsentrasi 20, 40, 60 dan 80%. Identifikasi metabolit sekunder dilakukan terhadap ekoenzim dengan hasil positif mengandung flavonoid dan tanin. Uji aktivitas enzim pada ekoenzim menunjukkan hasil positif bahwa ekoenzim memiliki aktivitas enzim amilase dan fosfatase
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN MINAT DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MELALUI METODE COOPERATIVE SCRIPT PADA SISWA KELAS VIIIA SMP N 1 BINANGUN CILACAP
No full textCooperative script method is one method to improve student’s interest in learning and students' achievement. This research is Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subject of the research is eight grade students of Junior high school Binangun Cilacap. It is conducted in two cycles, each cycles consists of planning, acting, observing and reflecting. The data revealed from observation, questionnaire, test and documentation. The result of the research was there are increasing student interest and students' achievement. This forum can be teachers' reflection to be much better in mathematic teaching and learning
Model Manajemen Pengembangan Kapasitas Sekolah Berbasis Prakarsa Sekolah di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Daerah Tertinggal di Kabupaten Ngada.
Get PDFTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan, menganalisis, dan mensintesis (1) data kapasitas sekolah, (2) kinerja manajemen pengembangan kapasitas sekolah, (3) hambatan-hambatan yang dihadapi sekolah dalam mengembangkan kapasitas sekolah; 4) menetapkan skala ptioritas pengembangan kapasitas sekolah, 5) mengembangkan model manajemen pengembangan kapasitas sekolah berbasis prakarsa sekolah yang relevan dengan kebutuhan sekolah, dan (6) menguji tingkat efektivitasnya.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (research and development) level ke-3 dengan langkah-langkah berikut ini: melakukan penelitian terhadap model yang telah ada, melakukan studi literatur, membuat perencanaan pengembangan model, melakukan pengujian internal desain model, melakukan revisi desain model, melakukan uji lapangan (uji efektivitas eksternal) model, dan diseminasi. Penelitian tahap pertama (research) dilakukan pada 5 SMP dengan menggunakan mentode kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi dokumen; informan ditetapkan dengan purposive dan snowbal sampling. Teknik analisis data dalam 3 alur: mereduksi (data reduction), memaparkan (data display), dan menyimpulkan (data verification). Keabsahan data diuji dengan teknik triangulasi. Penelitian tahap pengembangan (development) untuk menguji efektivitas model menggunakan metode delphi dan focus group discussion; dilakukan oleh 5 ahli, 15 praktisi, dan 97 guru. Data dikumpulkan dengan angket, wawancara, dan observasi. Teknik analisis data kuantitatif dilakukan dengan menghitung skor rata-rata.
Temuan penelitian adalah: 1) aspek kapasitas SMP yang masih termasuk dalam kategori rendah adalah kapasitas pedagogi dan profesional guru, sarana vital pembelajaran, kurikulum, dan pembiayaan kegiatan pengembangan; 2) pengembangan kapasitas sekolah belum dimanajemeni dengan baik; 3) hambatan pengembangan kapasitas sekolah berasal dari guru, kepala sekolah, peserta didik, orang tua peserta didik, dan lingkungan alam; 4) kapasitas sekolah yang harus segera dikembangkan adalah kapasitas guru, kurikulum, sarana-prasarana, dan keuangan sekolah; 5) model manajemen pengembangan kapasitas sekolah yang relevan dengan kebutuhan sekolah adalah yang menerapkan 4 fungsi organik manajemen, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, monitoring, dan evaluasi dengan melibatkan dan mengoptimalkan peran internal dan extermal stakeholders serta kepala sekolah menerapkan pola kepemimpinan transformasional, 6) Model yang dikembangkan mempunyai tingkat efektivitas internal dan eksternal dalam kategori sangat tinggi yang masing-masing ditunjukkan dengan rerata skor 95,51 dan 88,15
EFFECTIVENESS OF GUIDED IMAGERY THERAPY AND PHYSICAL RELAXATION TECHNIQUES ON PATIENTS' ANXIETY LEVEL PRE OPERATION BENIGNAL PROSTATE HYPERPLASIA AT DR. HOSPITAL. ADJIDARMO YEAR 2023
No full textBackground: Benign Prostate Hyperplasia is an enlarged prostate gland, which can block the prostatic urethra and cause obstruction of the flow of urine out of the bladder. Management Surgical procedures in BPH patients will have an impact on anxiety before surgery. PMR and guided imagery are relaxation techniques that can help activate the relaxation response. The general objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of PMR therapy and guided imagery as non-pharmacological therapy on the anxiety level of preoperative BPH patients. Research Methods: This research is an experimental study, using a quasi-experimental design. In this study, there were two groups, namely the group that received PMR treatment and the guided imagery treatment group in preoperative BPH patients. The number of members of each group is 10 people. The technique used to test the effectiveness of the PMR and guided imagery groups was the Mann Whitney test. Research Results: Based on data analysis using the Mann-Whitney test about the level of anxiety between the Guided Imagery group and the PMR group, a p-value of 0.000 was obtained. Based on this value, because p <0.05, which means that there is a difference in the level of anxiety between the Guided Imagery group and the PMR group. Conclusion: There is a difference in the level of anxiety between the Guided imagery group and the PMR group. When viewed from the median and minimum-maximum values, it can be seen that there is a better reduction in anxiety levels in the Guided imagery group when compared to the PMR group
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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