130,890 research outputs found
Ultra deep nulling interferometry using fractal interferometers
No full textInternational audienceThe difficult goal of directly detecting a planet around a star requires the cancellation of, as far as possible, the stellar light and nulling interferometry is one way to do so: the star is put on a central dark fringe while the planet is supposed to be on a bright fringe. One problem is, however, leaks due to the finite angular dimension of the stellar disk, resolved by the interferometer. The solution is to increase the exponent of the term theta which describes the cancellation efficiency with respect to the angular distance to the axis of the central dark fringe. Efficient configurations have been found, using basically guess and check methods until recently. I present here one method to define configurations of telescopes that achieve any given power of theta. The principle is based on a peculiar property of a partition into two sets of the first 2 integers; the partition is built using the Prouhet Thué Morse sequence which presents some fractal properties. A phase shift (0 or pi) between 2 telescopes is applied according to this partition. I first examine 1-D pattern of identical telescopes, then extend the method to 2-D configurations of identical telescopes, to 1-D arrays and 2-D arrays of non-identical telescopes and finally to arrays where the phase shift between n groups of telescopes is 2kpi/n. I examine then how a non-perfect fractal interferometer behaves and show that its robustness with respect to nulling stability is an important advantage. To cite this article: D. Rouan, C. R. Physique 8 (2007)
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Role-Playing Game and Learning for Young People About Sustainable Development Stakes: An Experiment in Transferring and Adapting Interdisciplinary Scientific Knowledge
No full textThe study refers to the interactions between socio-economic and natural dynamics in an island biosphere reserve by using companion modelling. This approach provides scientific results and involves interdisciplinarity. In the second phase of the study, we transferred knowledge by adapting the main research output, a role-playing game, to young people. Our goal was to introduce interactions between social and ecological systems, coastal dynamics and integrated management. Adapting the game required close collaboration between the scientists and educators in order to transform both its substance and form and to run it with an easy-to-handle ergonomic platform.Children Education, Multi-Agent Environment, Role-Playing Game
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
A ground-based study for the 4Q coronagraph
No full textHigh angular resolution provided by adaptive optics on
ground-based telescopes allows detailed study of bright stars
environment. The limitation of dectability of faint companions is
the diffracted light from the star. The 4Q coronagraph
(Rouan et al. 2000; Riaud et al. 2001; Abe et al. 2001)
decreases this diffracted halo
and provides high contrast imaging. The residual speckle pattern
becomes the final limitation for the coronagraphic observations.
We present here, a complete study of the 4Q coronagraph in use
with an high order adaptive optics on the VLT telescope, within
the context of "Planet Finder" ESO project. Practically, a simple
solution making use of commercial half waveplates seems well
suited for a ground-based coronagraphic device
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
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