1,721,018 research outputs found
«Chromomentalisme» : psychologies de la couleur et cultures visuelles en France au passage du siécle (1870-1914)
No full textWhilst the influence of color optical theories on the development of pictorial techniques in the Nineteenth and Twentieth centuries has been the subject of numerous studies, the field of color psychology needs to be explored further. Our research focuses on the historical and epistemological links between psycho-physiological approaches to color - derived from the discourse of experimental psychology, psychiatry and psychic sciences - and visual cultures at the turn of the Twentieth century. This dissertation explores the power of color as mental conditioning, or «chromomentalism» : how color influences the mind and more broadly the body of the individual by affecting its ability to concentrate, health or mood. The thesis presents three major axes that correspond to multiples aspects of color psychology : color-attention, color-energy and color-emotion. The first part analyzes the attention-grabbing devices used both in the laboratory and on stage, the dialectic between attention and distraction in urban experiences, and the rise of psychotechnics of color (art, cinema, advertising). The second part explores the oractices of energetic control (the utopian goal of the "body without fatigue", neurasthenia, psychotechnics of energy) and the bio-aesthetic interpretation of color that emerges from occultism and experimental sciences. The third part focuses on the power of color to affect emotion, by questioning the debate on empathy and the education of the senses, the popular aesthetics of colors, the link between chromatic and social harmonies.Alors que l'influence des théories optiques de la couleur sur le développement des techniques picturales aux XIXe et XXe siècles a fait l'objet d'études nombreuses, le champ, tout aussi déterminant, de la psychologie de la couleur demande à être exploré plus en avant. Notre recherche porte sur les liens historiques et épistémologiques entre les approches psycho-physiologiques de la couleur - empruntées aux discours de la psychologie expérimentale, de la psychiatrie et des sciences psychiques - et les cultures visuelles, au tournant du XXe siècle. Ce travail explore le pouvoir de conditionnement mental de la couleur, ou «chromomentalisme» : comment la couleur influence l'esprit et plus largement le corps de l'individu en affectant sa capacité de concentration, sa santé ou son humeur. La thèse présente trois grands axes qui correspondent à des déclinaisons différentes des psychologies de la couleur : la couleur-attention, la couleur-énergie et la couleur-émotion. La première partie analyse les dispositifs d'emprise attentionnelle utilisés à la fois en laboratoire et sur scène, la dialectique entre attention et distraction dans les expériences urbaines, et l'essor des psychotechniques de la couleur. La deuxième partie explore les pratiques d'emprise énergétique (le mythe du corps sans fatigue, la neurasthénie) et l'interprétation bio-esthétique de la couleur qui émerge à fois du débat occultiste et expérimental. La troisième partie porte sur le pouvoir de gestion des affects, en mobilisant le débat sur l'empathie et l'éducation des sens, l'esthétique populaire des couleurs, les modes de relation entre harmonies chromatiques et sociales
Workshop "TÉlÉplaste" avec Tony oursler
No full textL’Institut National d’Histoire de l’Art, Fleur Hopkins (université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne/BnF), Pierre-Jacques Pernuit (université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne), Alessandra Ronetti (université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne/École normale supérieure de Pise) ont le plaisir de vous convier le 22 janvier 2019 de 14H à 19H à un workshop en présence de l’artiste Tony Oursler Lors de cet événement qui marque le point d’orgue du projet INHAlab2018 « Médias imaginaires », l’artiste américain..
Charge and heat transport in topological systems
No full textIn this thesis, I address the intriguing and appealing topic of charge and heat transport in quantum Hall systems, which are among the most famous example of topological phases of matter, in presence of external time-dependent voltages. The interest of condensed matter community towards topological systems has been considerably raised in recent years. For instance, it is worth to recall the Nobel prize for physics 2016 awarded to Professors Thouless, Kosterlitz and Haldane for their contribution to the study of topological states of matter.
These states are exotic phases of matter, whose properties are described in terms of quantities that do not depend on the details of a system, are very robust against defects and perturbations. The research field of topological systems takes place due to the interplay between condensed matter physics and mathematics. As a matter of fact, many concepts have been borrowed from the mathematical branch of topology in order to classify these novel states of matter.
Quantum Hall effect was discovered almost forty years ago and still attracts a lot of attention from the theoretical and experimental point of view. This remarkable physical phenomenon occurs in two-dimensional electron systems in the limit of strong perpendicular magnetic fields. In quantum Hall systems, the transverse resistance, which is commonly defined Hall resistance, is very precisely quantized in terms of the resistance quantum. When this quantization occurs for integer values, this phenomenology is termed integer quantum Hall effect. It can be understood in a satysfying way by resorting to a non-interacting quantum mechanical description. The hallmark of quantum Hall systems is the emergence of one-dimensional metallic edge states on the boundaries of the system. Along these edge states particles propagate with a definite direction. As a result, they are topologically protected against backscattering.
The coherence length ensured by topological protection guarantees to access the wave-like nature of electrons. Intriguingly, this investigation can be pushed to its fundamental limit by exploring quantum transport at the single-electron level. This idea embodies the core of a new field of research, known as electron quantum optics Single-electron source can be realized by applying to a quantum Hall system a periodic train of Lorentzian-shaped pulses, carrying an integer number of particles per period, thus emitting into the edge states minimal single-electron excitations, then termed levitons.
Plateaus of the Hall resistance appear also at fractional values of the resistance quantum. Contrarily to the integer case, the physical explanation of fractional quantum Hall effect cannot neglect the correlation between electrons and this phase of matter is inherently strongly-correlated. Intriguingly, elementary excitations of fractional quantum Hall systems are quasi-particle with fractional charge and statistics. Remarkably, one-dimensional conducting edge states arise also in the fractional quantum Hall effect and their excitations inherit the charge and statistical properties of the one in the bulk.
By considering the application of a periodic train of Lorentzian pulses to a quantum Hall system, I focus on the transport properties of levitons propagating along integer and fractional edge states. I investigate the charge density of a state composed by many levitons in the fractional quantum Hall regime, thus finding that it is re-arranged into a regular pattern of peaks and valleys, reminiscent of Wigner crystallization in strongly-interacting electronic systems. Then, I analyze heat transport properties of levitons in quantum Hall systems, which represent a new point of view on electron quantum optics, extending and generalizing the results obtained in the charge domain
techno-images. Configurations visuelles et médias (XIXe-XXIe siècles)
No full textJournée d'études interdisciplinaire dans le cadre du Campus Condorcet, 5 novembre 2019. Guilherme Machado (université Paris 3 Sorbonne-Nouvelle /Goethe Universität), Antoine Prévost-Balga (université Paris 3 Sorbonne-Nouvelle /Goethe Universität) Pierre-Jacques Pernuit (université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne), Alessandra Ronetti (université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne/École normale supérieure de Pise) ont le plaisir de vous convier le 5 novembre 2019 de 9H à 18H à la journée d’études in..
Levitons in helical liquids with Rashba spin-orbit coupling probed by a superconducting contact
No full textWe consider transport properties of a single edge of a two-dimensional topological insulator, in presence of Rashba spin-orbit coupling, driven by two external time-dependent voltages and connected to a thin superconductor. We focus on the case of a train of Lorentzian-shaped pulses, which are known to generate coherent single-electron excitations in two-dimensional electron gas, and prove that they are minimal excitations for charge transport also in helical edge states, even in the presence of spin-orbit interaction. Importantly, these properties of Lorentzian-shaped pulses can be tested computing charge noise generated by the scattering of particles at the thin superconductor. This represents a novel setup where electron quantum optics experiments with helical states can be implemented, with the superconducting contact as an effective beamsplitter. By elaborating on this configuration, we also evaluate charge noise in a collisional Hong-Ou-Mandel configuration, showing that due to the peculiar effects induced by Rashba interaction, a nonvanishing dip at zero delay appears
Spin-thermoelectric transport induced by interactions and spin-flip processes in two dimensional topological insulators
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Interference-induced thermoelectric switching and heat rectification in quantum Hall junctions
No full textInterference represents one of the most striking manifestations of quantum physics in low-dimensional systems. Despite evidence of quantum interference in charge transport having been known for a long time, signatures of interference-induced thermal properties have been reported only recently, paving the way for the phase-coherent manipulation of heat in mesoscopic devices. In this work we show that anomalous thermoelectric properties and efficient heat rectification can be achieved by exploiting the phase-coherent edge states of quantum Hall systems. By considering a tunneling geometry with multiple quantum point contacts, we demonstrate that the interference paths effectively break the electron-hole symmetry, allowing for a thermoelectric charge current flowing either from hot to cold or vice versa, depending on the details of the tunnel junction. Correspondingly, an interference-induced heat current is predicted, and we are able to explain these results in terms of an intuitive physical picture. Moreover, we show that heat rectification can be achieved by coupling two quantum Hall systems with different filling factors, and that this effect can be enhanced by exploiting the interference properties of the tunnel junction
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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