264 research outputs found
Sujet de thèse en cours : Adsorption and imbibition of binary liquids in nanoporous solids [Soutenance 02.12.2016]
No full textsupervisor Ronan Lefort (department of materials - nanosciences)sous la direction de Ronan Lefort dans le département Matériaux-Nanoscience
Claude Lefort e a democracia selvagem
No full textIn this article, we will discuss and contextualize the notion of savage democracy within Claude Lefort\u27s democratic theory. The text will be divided into three parts. Firstly, we will present the fundamental ideas of the author\u27s political thought. Next, we will analyze the role of the notion of savage democracy in three texts by Lefort: two dedicated to the May 68 events, A desordem nova and Releitura as well as the preface to the second edition of the work Éléments d\u27une critique de la bureaucratie. Finally, we will present the recent discussion in Lefortian studies regarding the fertility of the term savage democracy mainly relating to two important themes for Lefort: the dimension of conflict in democracies and the relationship of law with democratic struggles.Neste artigo, discutiremos e contextualizaremos a noção de democracia selvagem dentro da teoria democrática de Claude Lefort. O texto será dividido em três partes. Primeiramente, apresentaremos as ideias fundamentais do pensamento político do autor. Em seguida, analisaremos o papel da ideia de democracia selvagem em três textos de Lefort: dois dedicados ao evento de Maio de 68, A desordem nova e Releitura, além do prefácio à segunda edição da obra Éléments d\u27une critique de la bureaucratie. Por último, apresentaremos a discussão recente nos estudos lefortianos sobre a fecundidade do termo "democracia selvagem", relacionando, principalmente, dois temas importantes para Lefort: a dimensão do conflito nas democracias e a relação do direito com as lutas democráticas
Maquiavel e a dimensão simbólica do poder: fundamentos da teoria democrática de Claude Lefort
No full textResumo
O presente artigo pretende apontar a influência decisiva da obra de Maquiavel na construção da teoria democrática de Claude Lefort. Em especial, pretende-se assinalar como Lefort assimila de Maquiavel uma concepção propriamente política da sociedade ao identificar na obra maquiaveliana uma noção da “dimensão simbólica do poder”. Na perspectiva deste artigo, é a partir dessa noção, que remete à divisão originária e ao momento instituinte do social, que Maquiavel, mesmo não se constituindo como um autor propriamente democrático, permitiria a Lefort uma reavaliação da questão democrática e do fenômeno totalitário.
Palavras chave: simbólico, poder, político, democracia.
Abstract
This article points to the decisive influence of Machiavelli’s work in building Claude Lefort’s democratic theory. In particular, it notes how Lefort assimilates from Machiavelli a properly political conception of society, by identifying in the work of Machiavelli a notion of ‘symbolic dimension of power.’ According to this article, it is from this concept, which refers to the original division and the instituting moment of the social, that Machiavelli, even though he is not exactly a democratic author, would allow Lefort to reassess the question of democracy and the totalitarian phenomenon.
Keywords: symbolic, power, political, democracy
Physcal properties of discotic liquid crystals nanoconfined
No full textL'objectif de cette thèse est de mener une étude fondamentale et expérimentale des propriétés physiques des cristaux liquides discotiques colonnaires (CLDCs) confinés dans des matrices poreuses templates hautement ordonnées à l'échelle nanométrique. Les molécules des CLDCs de forme plane, composées de noyaux polyaromatiques rigides entourées de chaînes aliphatiques flexibles fonctionnalisables, sont susceptibles de s'auto-assembler dans des colonnes favorisant ainsi le recouvrement de leurs orbitales électroniques π. Ce qui fait de ces matériaux de véritables candidats pour des applications dans l'électronique moléculaire et la photovoltaïque grâce à la possibilité de migration des porteurs de charges le long de leurs colonnes. Cependant, ces applications nécessitent une bonne maîtrise des paramètres influant sur les mécanismes d'alignement dans les phases colonnaires, sur de grands monodomaines, et de préférence à température ambiante. Une méthode très prometteuse visant à optimiser les longueurs de diffusion des porteurs de charge a été récemment proposée, basée sur la formation de nanofils orientés de CLDCs par auto-assemblage dans des matrices dites « templates » (de moulage). Toutefois, les propriétés structurales, dynamiques et les effets de confinement sur ces technologies restent aujourd'hui mal connus et morcelés et pourraient constituer un véritable verrou scientifique pour leur réalisation. Notre étude s'est portée sur les CLDCs commerciaux (HPT) et le Py4CEH (moins connus) qui sont confinés dans des alumines poreuses (AAO) et du silicium poreux (Sip) de diamètres de pores de quelques dizaines de nm. Les diagrammes de phase ont été d'abord étudiés par DSC puis les effets structuraux ont été approfondis grâce à la diffusion de neutrons. Dans les géométries confinées, nous observons une dépression des températures de transition, un élargissement du domaine de stabilité de la phase colonnaire et l'ouverture d'une hystérèse amplifiée dans les pores de plus petite taille. Un ordre orientationnel très élevé a été trouvé dans les phases colonnaires bulk par la RMN du solide et la structure des systèmes confinés colonnaires, dominée par une distribution radiale avec un ancrage homéotrope a été déterminée. La dynamique moléculaire a été étudiée par diffusion quasiélastique de neutrons. Elle est affectée par le confinement : la dynamique de grande amplitude est fortement ralentie, tandis que la dynamique rapide locale devient régie par une distribution très large de temps caractéristiques.The aim of this work is to conduct fundamental and experimental studies of the physical properties of columnar discotic liquid crystal (CDLCs) confined in highly ordered porous templates at the nanoscale. CDLC molecule of planar shape, consist in rigid polyaromatic nuclei surrounded by functionalizable flexible aliphatic chains, and are capable of self-assembly in columns, thereby promoting overlap of their π electron orbitals. This makes these materials real candidates for applications in molecular electronics and photovoltaics due to the possibility of migration of the charge carriers along their columns. However, these applications require a good control of the parameters affecting the alignment mechanisms in the columnar phases of large single domains, preferably at room temperature. A very promising approach to optimize the diffusion lengths of charge carriers has been recently proposed, based on the formation of oriented CDLC nanowires by self-assembly in so-called "templates". However, structural and dynamical proprieties and confinement effects are still scarce, and could be a real scientific lock to their implementation. Our study is focused on commercial CDLCs (HPT) and Py4CEH which are confined in porous alumina and porous silicon membranes with pore diameters of c.a. tens of nm. The phase diagram was first studied by DSC and more deeply characterized by neutron scattering. In confined geometries, we observe a depression of the phase transition temperatures, a broadening of the columnar phase stability domain and an opening of hysteresis loops amplified by smaller pore size. A high orientational order was found in the bulk columnar phases by solid-state NMR, and the structure of confined columnar systems, dominated by a radial distribution with homeotropic anchoring was observed. The molecular dynamics was studied by quasielastic neutron scattering. It is affected by confinement: large lengthscale motions are massively slowed down, whereas the rapid and local dynamics becomes submitted to large distributions of correlation times
Lefort: the Work of the Thought’s Work
No full textUm dos elementos fundamentais da leitura lefortiana de Maquiavel é o reconhecimento da distância que separa o maquiavelismo e a obra maquiaveliana. De fato, Lefort indaga de onde vem a imagem do maquiavelismo, que acompanha a leitura da obra maquiaveliana na fieira dos tempos. Para responder e desmantelar essa imagem, o autor interroga o que é o novo buscado por Maquiavel quando este, examinando as cidades italianas, particularmente a Florença do quattrocento e cinquecento, propõe as figuras do príncipe novo e da ordem nova. Essas figuras assinalam o lugar onde nasce a obra maquiaveliana como interrogação sobre a gênese da política a partir da interrogação sobre a experiência do presente político.One of the fundamental elements of Machiavelli\u27s Lefortian reading is the recognition of the distance that separates Machiavellianism and Machiavellian work. In fact, Lefort asks where the image of Machiavellianism comes from, which accompanies the reading of the Machiavellian work in the vein of times. To answer and dismantle this image, the author questions what Machiavelli is looking for when he examines Italian cities, particularly Florence in the quattrocento and cinquecento, proposing the figures of the new prince and the new order. These figures point to the place where the Machiavellian work is born as a question about the genesis of politics from the interrogation of the experience of the political present
Claude Lefort e a crítica de “A propósito da questão judaica” de Marx: dialética e ideologia
No full textComo o seu título indica, o texto tem como objeto as considerações críticas de Lefort — ver o ensaio “Droits de l’homme et politique”, incluído em L’Invention Démocratique, les limites de la domination totalitaire — contra a crítica dos direitos do homem, desenvolvida por Marx no seu artigo de juventude “A propósito da questão judaica”, publicado em 1843, nos Anais Franco-Alemães (revista que Marx fundara com o publicista Arnold Ruge). Depois de expor as razões de Marx e de Lefort, o presente escrito envereda por vários caminhos. Há primeiro uma tentativa de expor as duas séries de argumentos em forma, que se pretende, rigorosamente dialética. Segue-se uma apresentação mais histórico-estrutural, que introduz considerações sobre os chamados “dois liberalismos” (revolucionário e utilitarista). Explora-se, em seguida, a filosofia subjacente ao artigo de Marx nos Anais…, o que leva de novo um desenvolvimento teórico-dialético, e depois, histórico, sobre a questão do humanismo e do antihumanismo. Depois de analisar algumas objeções, de marxistas e de liberais, endereçadas à crítica lefortiana, o autor tenta uma avaliação crítica das posições de Lefort, o que conduz ao problema geral das relações democracia/ capitalismo, em Lefort, e para além dele.As the title indicates, this text aims at the critical considerations of Lefort — see the essay “Droits de l’homme et politique”, included in L’Invention Démocratique, les limites de la domination totalitaire — against the critique of the rights of man published in 1843, in the Franco-German Annals (journal founded by Marx with the publicist Arnold Ruge). After exposing the keys arguments of Marx and Lefort, the present writing goes through several ways. There is first an attempt to expose both series of arguments in a form strictly dialectical. There follows a more historical-structural version, which introduces considerations on the so-called “two liberalisms” (revolutionary and utilitarian). Then, we explore the philosophy underlying Marx’s article in the Annals… which takes a new theoretical-dialectical development, and then, historical, about the question of humanism and anti-humanism. After analysing some objections from both Marxists and liberals, addressed to Lefortian criticism, the author undertakes a critical evaluation on Lefort positions, which leads to the general problem of democracy and capitalism relationship, not only in Lefort but and beyond
Lefort II distraction with zygomatic repositioning versus Lefort III distraction: A comparison of surgical outcomes and complications
No full textThe aim of the study was to determine if the additional surgical complexity of Lefort II distraction with zygomatic repositioning (LF2ZR) results in increased complications compared to Lefort III distraction (LF3). A retrospective review was performed of all LF3 and LF2ZR advancements performed by the senior author over 15 years. Demographic, operative, postoperative, and cephalometric data were collected from initial procedure through greater than 1 year postoperatively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare procedures. 19 LF2ZR and 39 LF3 in 53 patients met inclusion criteria. Diagnoses differed between procedures, with more Crouzon Syndrome in LF3 and more Apert Syndrome in LF2ZR. Complication rate was 7/19 for LF2ZR and 12/39 for LF3 with no severe morbidity or mortality, and no difference between procedures (p = 0.56). The types of complications encountered differed between procedures. LF2ZR had a significantly longer operative time (506 ± 18 vs. 358 ± 24 min, p\u3c0.001). However, a greater number of LF2ZR patients underwent concomitant procedures (15/19 vs. 13/39, p\u3c0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that Apert Syndrome and reoperative midface advancement were the most significant predictors of increased blood loss. LF2ZR has an equivalent complication rate to LF3. Therefore, it is our treatment of choice for cases requiring differential sagittal and vertical distraction of the central midface
Correction: Lefort (2024). Altaic Elements in the Chinese Variety of Tangwang: True and False Direct Loans. Languages, 9(9), 293
No full textThe author has requested to make the following corrections to their original publication [...
Politics and Truth: Totalitarianism in Political Theory of Hannah Arendt and Claude Lefort
No full textOvim radom autor nastoji ukazati kako je sukob između istine, kao filozofskog imperativa, i politike, ključ razumijevanja totalitarizma. Polazeći od teorija totalitarizma Hannah Arendt i Claudea Leforta, kao dvije suprotne, ali komplementarne analize, naglasak je na potrebi redefiniranja pojma političkog, koji se nameće kao jedino oružje u borbi protiv totalitarnih izazova. Oslanjajući se na rad Margaret Canovan i Zorana Kurelića, autor nastoji kritički preispitati teoriju totalitarizma Hannah Arendt, s naglaskom na njezinu kritiku zapadne političke tradicije. Ta kritika počiva na na jasnom razlikovanju triju ljudskih aktivnosti: rada, proizvođenja i djelovanja. Preko kritike marksizma Arendt ukazuje na nepolitički karakter rada i proizvođenja, što u središte njenog filozofskog opusa stavlja djelovanje. Shvaćajući djelovanje kao sposobnost započinjanja nečeg novog u svijetu pluralnih ljudi, Arendt vidi mogućnost za ozbiljenje ljudske slobode. Totalitarizam je tako, iz njezine perspektive, originalan i antipolitički projekt usmjeren upravo na uništavanje čovjekove sposobnosti djelovanja. Claude Lefort totalitarizam vidi kao antidemokratski projekt. Polazeći od Lefortove metodologije prikazane putem interpretacije Machiavellija, neodređenost djela, na koju Lefort ukazuje, nužno upućuje na nedeterminiranost demokratskog društva. Totalitarizam smjera upravo ukinuću nedeterminiranosti društva, ukidajući njegovu transcendentalnost pomoću fantazme Jednog-naroda čiji je konačni cilj ponovna uspostava izvjesnosti. Totalitarizam se tako javlja kao sušta suprotnost demokraciji. Izvor totalitarizma pritom ne leži u ideologiji, već u ukidanju indeterminiranosti koju demokracija, putem priznavanja postojanja sukoba u društvu, održava. U zaključnom dijelu autor se bavi razlikama i sličnostima između dvije opisane teorije totalitarizma. Iako Hannah Arendt i Claude Lefort totalitarizam vide kao antipolitički projekt, utemeljen na mržnji prema demokraciji, Arendt odbija pluralnost, na kojoj inzistira, razmotriti u kontekstu demokracije. Stoga Lefortovu analizu totalitarizma autor prikazuje kao svojevrsnu nadgradnju Arendtine intepretacije u čijem je središtu demokracija. Shvativši totalitarizam kao antidemokratski projekt, omogućava se uspostava prostora ponovnog propitivanja demokracije, kao najrasprostranjenijeg političkog poretka u 21. stoljeću.In this paper the author indicates that the key to understanding totalitarianism lies in the conflict between the truth, as a philosophical imperative, and politics. Starting from the theories of totalitarianism by Hannah Arendt and Claude Lefort, as the two diametrical but complementaryanalyses, the emphasis lies in the need to redefine the term political, which imposes itself as the only weapon in the fight against totalitarian challenges. The author, while relying on the works of Margaret Canovan and Zoran Kurelić, intends to critically evaluate the theory of totalitarianism by Hannah Arendt while emphasizing her critique of western political tradition. That critic is based on clear differentiation of three human activities: work, labor and action. Through the critic of Marxism, Arendt indicates the non-political character of work and labor, emphasizing the action as the center of her philosophical opus. Perceiving the action as an ability to start something new in the world of plural men, Arendt sees the possibility of the realization of human. From her perspective, totalitarianism is an original and anti-political project freedom directed to destruction of human ability to take action. Claude Lefort perceives the totalitarianism as an antidemocratic project. Beginning with the Lefort methodology shown through the interpretation of Machiavelli, the indeterminacy of the work itself, according to Lefort, refers to the indeterminacy of the democratic society. Totalitarianism intends to rescind the indeterminacy of the society, annulling its transcendence using the „People-as-One“ phantasm, whose final goal is to reestablish the determinacy. Totalitarianism emerges as an exact opposite to democracy. The root of totalitarianism is not in the ideology, but in the rescindment of indeterminacy, which the democracy maintains through the acknowledgment of the existent conflict in the society.
In the concluding chapter the author reflects on the differences and similarities between the two described theories of totalitarianism. Although Hannah Arendt and Claude Lefort perceive the totalitarianism as an antipolitical project based on the hatred towards democracy, Arendt rejects to consider the plurality, on which she insists, in the context of democracy.
Consequently, the author presents Lefort's analysis of totalitarianism as an upgrade of its kind to Arendt's interpretation focused on the democracy. Perceiving the totalitarianism as an antidemocratic project, it enables the recurrence of questioning of the democracy as the most widespread political order in the 21st century
How to Read Machiavelli’s Work of Thought? Claude Lefort and the Theory of Interpretation
No full textClaude Lefort je u knjizi Rad djela Machiavelli (Le travail de l'oeuvre Machiavel) svoje tumačenje Machiavellijevog političkog mišljenja popratio ekstenzivnim razmatranjem koje se odnosi na teoriju interpretacije. Iako je ona proizašla iz neposrednog bavljenja Machiavellijem, njezini su zaključci bitno šire prirode i stoje uz bok metodološkim uputama drugih velikih interpreta Firentinčevog djela koji su imali osviještena navlastita metodološka stajališta kao što su Leo Strauss, J. G. A. Pocock i Quentin Skinner. Središnji je pojam Lefortova razmatranja djelo mišljenja. U tekstu se on raščlanjuje posredstvom analize odnosa između tri figure, autora, čitatelja i interpreta. Pritom se kao osnova za razumijevanje prirode njihove međusobne povezanosti uzima fenomenologija Mauricea Merleau-Pontyja kojom je Lefortovo cjelokupno djelo snažno obilježeno.Claude Lefort, in the book Machiavelli in the Making (Le travail de l'oeuvre Machiavel), accompanied his interpretation of Machiavelli’s political thought with an extensive discussion related to the theory of interpretation. Although it arose from a direct engagement with Machiavelli, its conclusions are of a significantly broader nature and stand alongside the methodological instructions of other great interpreters of Florentine’s work who had their own methodological points of view, such as Leo Strauss, J. G. A. Pocock and Quentin Skinner. The central concept of Lefort’s consideration is the work of thought. In the text, it is broken down through the analysis of the relationship between three figures, the author, the reader, and the interpreter. In doing so, Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology, which strongly informs Lefort’s entire work, is taken as the basis for understanding the nature of their mutual interconnections
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