1,720,957 research outputs found

    Before Guarantees. Britain’s Attempts at Political Influence on Poland. From the Sudeten Crisis to March 1939

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    Celem tekstu jest analiza stosunków polsko-brytyjskich od kryzysu sudeckiego po 31 III 1939 r., z naciskiem na zainteresowanie gospodarcze Londynu Polską o charakterze politycznym w kontekście starań tego rodzaju względem Europy Środkowej i Południowo-Wschodniej ze świadomością, że było ono wtórne względem realizowanego wówczas appeasementu. Tekst koncentruje się wokół pytania, na ile pośrednich źródeł gwarancji brytyjskich dla Polski można próbować upatrywać w tym okresie.The text analyses the Polish-British relations between the Sudeten crisis and 31 March 1939, with an emphasis on London’s economic interest in Poland in the context of British efforts to establish such ties in Central and South-Eastern Europe. The text focuses on the question of how many indirect sources of British guarantees for Poland could be sought during this period. The author reminds the reader that they were secondary to the appeasement then being implemented

    Przed gwarancjami. Próby oddziaływania politycznego Wielkiej Brytanii na Polskę. Od kryzysu sudeckiego do marca 1939 r.

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    The text analyses the Polish-British relations between the Sudeten crisis and 31 March 1939, with an emphasis on London’s economic interest in Poland in the context of British efforts to establish such ties in Central and South-Eastern Europe. The text focuses on the question of how many indirect sources of British guarantees for Poland could be sought during this period. The author reminds the reader that they were secondary to the appeasement then being implemented.Celem tekstu jest analiza stosunków polsko-brytyjskich od kryzysu sudeckiego po 31 III 1939 r., z naciskiem na zainteresowanie gospodarcze Londynu Polską o charakterze politycznym w kontekście starań tego rodzaju względem Europy Środkowej i Południowo-Wschodniej ze świadomością, że było ono wtórne względem realizowanego wówczas appeasementu. Tekst koncentruje się wokół pytania, na ile pośrednich źródeł gwarancji brytyjskich dla Polski można próbować upatrywać w tym okresie

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Geneza brytyjskiej gwarancji dla Polski z 31 marca 1939 roku

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    During an address to the House of Commons on 31 March 1939, Arthur Neville Chamberlain, the British Prime Minister, gave a guarantee to Poland. Today, there is no doubt that the United Kingdom guaranteed only the independence of the Polish Republic and not its territorial integrity, thereby enabling the possibility of a peaceful settlement of the German-Polish dispute over Gdańsk and the so-called Danzig Corridor. This guarantee was a turning point in relations between Warsaw and London, leading to direct political co-operation between both states in the months leading up to the outbreak of the Second World War. The aim of the present short paper is to determine the essential factors which underlay Chamberlain’s guarantee. For while sharing the established historiographical view that, had Germany not broken the Munich Agreement, it would have been difficult to imagine a serious political dialogue between Poland and Great Britain, it is worth considering whether the first heralds of a direct and common understanding between London and Warsaw can be observed in as early a period as the Sudeten crisis.Brytyjski premier Arthur Neville Chamberlain 31 marca 1939 roku podczas wystąpienia w Izbie Gmin udzielił Polsce deklaracji gwarancyjnej. Nie ule­ga już dzisiaj wątpliwości, że Zjednoczone Królestwo nie gwarantowało integralności terytorialnej Rzeczypospolitej, lecz wyłącznie jej niepodległość – co otwierało drogę do pokojowego rozwiązania niemiecko-polskiego sporu o Gdańsk i tzw. korytarz. Deklaracja gwarancyjna przyniosła prze­łom w stosunkach na linii Warszawa–Londyn, doprowadzając do bezpo­średniej politycznej współpracy między obu państwami na kilka miesięcy przed wybuchem II wojny światowej. Właśnie poszukiwanie źródeł wyjściowych deklaracji gwarancyjnej Chamberlaina dla Polski stało się celem tego krótkiego opracowania. Podzielając bowiem utrwalony w historiografii pogląd, że bez złamania układu monachijskiego przez Niemcy trudny byłby do wyobrażenia poważ­ny dialog polityczny między Polską a Wielką Brytanią, warto się zastano­wić, czy pierwszych zwiastunów przerzucenia mostu bezpośredniego po­rozumienia między Londynem a Warszawą można upatrywać już w okresie kryzysu sudeckiego
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