56 research outputs found
ALGAAS HBV performance in frequency tripling at 255 GHZ
No full textThis paper presents a novel method to investigate the efficiency of a tripler with a HBV diode based on Al0.7Ga0.3As/GaAs. The HBV diodes with different mesa diameters have been fabricated and their DC characteristics have been measured. These characteristics are used by a combined genetic algorithm/harmonic balance simulator to calculate the optimum impedances and output powers at the frequency of 255 GHz. A comparison of the conversion efficiencies are presented for the different structures
A novel evolutionary approach for the analysis and optimization of THz nonlinear circuits
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Fabrication, Testing, and Lumped Element Modeling of Planar Heterostructure Barrier Varactors
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Cinética de desinfecção viral em água de consumo humano mediante exposição ao cloro, utilizando como modelo o adenovírus recombinante
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biociências, Florianópolis, 2014.No Brasil, a Portaria MS 2.914/2011 exige a ausência de coliformes totais e E. coli na água tratada, entretanto é fundamental que o tratamento seja eficiente para todos os microrganismos patogênicos. A desinfecção nas Estações de Tratamento de Água (ETA) é comumente realizada com cloro. O adenovírus recombinante (rAdV) expressa proteína verde fluorescente (GFP) quando se replica nas células HEK 293A, e foi escolhido, como um modelo para avaliar a eficiência de desinfecção em amostras de água filtradas de duas ETAs (Lagoa do Peri (pH 6.9) e Morro dos Quadros (pH 6.5)), a 15°C e 20°C e com 0,2 mg/L e 0,5 mg/L de cloro livre. O tampão livre de demanda de cloro (BDF) (pH 6.9 e 8.0) foi utilizado como controle. As amostras foram caracterizadas físico-quimicamente e quanto ao padrão bacteriológico. A partir da curva da expressão da GFP, foi escolhido o período de 24h pós-infecção para os ensaios de citometria de fluxo (FACS) e microscopia de fluorescência (MF). Após padronizadas, as técnicas apresentaram como limite de detecção a diluição viral de 10-4 (FACS) e 10-6 (MF), sendo a MF escolhida para averiguar a inativação de rAdV por cloro. A técnica de qPCR foi escolhida como método molecular. O tempo necessário para inativar 4log10 de rAdV foi menor que 1 min (para 0,2 mg/L e 0,5 mg/L de cloro livre), utilizando MF, com exceção do BDF pH 8.0 (acima de 2,5 min para 4log10). O pH (6,5, 6,9 e 8.0) exerceu grande influência na eficiência de desinfecção. O ensaio de qPCR não forneceu informações a respeito de rAdV inativado. Os dados foram modelados (Chick-Watson) e observado que os valores de Ct para inativação de 4log10 foi menor que 0,25 para todas as condições experimentais, com exceção do BDF pH 8.0, com Ct acima de 1,249. Os valores de Ct são comparáveis aos reportados na literatura e menores do que os recomendados pela EPA. O modelo demonstrou ter se ajustado bem às condições experimentais realizadas e observadas. Também foram coletadas amostras de água tratada das ETAs (na saída da ETA e na rede de distribuição) e avaliado para coliformes totais, E. coli e adenovírus humano (HAdV), que foi detectado na rede de distribuição da ETA Morro dos Quadros (2,75.10³ UFP/L). Finalmente, foi possível comprovar que os adenovírus são rapidamente inativados em águas superficiais tratadas com cloro e que os adenovírus recombinantes mostraram-se bons modelos para esta avaliação.Abstract : In Brazil, the MS 2.914/2011 ordinance requires the absence of total coliforms and E. coli in treated water, however it is essential that water treatment is effective for all pathogens. Disinfection in Water Treatment Plants (WTP) is commonly performed with chlorine. The recombinant adenovirus (rAdV) expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) when replicates in HEK 293A cells, and was chosen as a model to evaluate the efficiency of disinfection in filtered water samples from two WTP (Lagoa do Peri (pH 6.9) and Morro dos Quadros (pH 6.5)) under 15 ° C and 20 ° C with 0.2 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L free chlorine. Buffered demand free (BDF) (pH 6.9 and 8.0) was used as control. The samples were characterized physico-chemically as well for bacteriological standards. From curve of GFP expression, the 24-hour period post-infection for flow cytometry assays (FACS) analysis and fluorescence microscopy (FM) was selected. After standardized, techniques showed a detection limit for viral dilution of 10-4 (FACS) and 10-6 (FM) and FM was selected to investigate the decay of rAdV by chlorine. qPCR technique was employed as a molecular method. The time required to inactivate 4log10 of rAdV was less than 1 min (for 0.2 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L) using FM, except for BDF pH 8.0 (up to 2.5 min for 4log10). The pH (6.5, 6.9 and 8.0) had a great influence on the efficiency of disinfection. The qPCR assay was not able to provide information regarding rAdV inactivated. The data were modeled (Chick-Watson) and observed that the Ct values for inactivation of 4log10 was less than 0.25 for all experimental conditions, except for the BDF pH 8.0, with Ct over 1.249. The Ct values are comparable to those reported in the literature and smaller than those recommended by EPA. The model proved to have adjusted well to the experimental conditions used and observed. Samples of treated water from WTP (at the output of WTP and the distribution network) were evaluated for total coliforms, E. coli and human adenovirus (HAdV), which was detected in the distribution network of WTP Morro dos Quadros (2,75.10³ UFP/L). Finally, it was possible to prove that adenoviruses were rapidly inactivated in surface water treated with chlorine and that recombinant adenovirus proved to be good models for this evaluation
In vitro effect of putty calcium silicate materials on human periodontal ligament stem cells
No full textNew bioactive materials have been developed for retrograde root filling. These materials come into contact with vital tissues and facilitate biomineralization and apical repair. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytocompatibility and bioactivity of two bioactive cements, Bio-C Repair (Angelus, Londrina, Pr, Brazil) and TotalFill BC RRM putty (FGK, Dentaire SA, La-Chaux-de-fonds, Switzerland). The biological properties in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) that were exposed to Bio-C Repair and TotalFill BC RRM putty were studied. Cell viability, migration, and cell adhesion were analyzed. Moreover, qPCR and mineralization assay were performed to evaluate the bioactivity potential of these cements. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and the Tukey test (p < 0.05). It was observed that cell viability and cell migration in Bio-C Repair and TotalFill BC RRM putty were similar to the control without statistically significant differences, except at 72 h when TotalFill BC RRM putty was slightly lower (p < 0.05). Excellent cell adhesion and morphology were observed with both Bio-C Repair and TotalFill BC RRM putty. Both cements promoted the osteo- and cementogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. These results suggest that Bio-C Repair and TotalFill BC RRM putty are biologically appropriate materials to be used as retrograde obturation material
Microbiological contamination of conventional and reclaimed irrigation water: Evaluation and management measures
No full text[EN] The wide diversity of irrigation water sources (i.e., drinking water, groundwater, reservoir water, river water) includes reclaimed water as a requested measure for increasing water availability, but it is also a challenge as pathogen exposure may increase. This study evaluates the level of microbial contamination in different irrigation waters to improve the knowledge and analyses management measures for safety irrigation. Over a one-year period, the occurrence of a set of viruses, bacteria and protozoa, was quantified and the performance of a wetland system, producing reclaimed water intended for irrigation, was characterized.
Human fecal pollution (HAdV) was found in most of the irrigation water types analysed. Hepatitis E virus (HEV), an emerging zoonotic pathogen, was present in groundwater where porcine contamination was identified (PAdV). The skin-carcinoma associated Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), was found occasionally in river water. Noroviruses were detected, as expected, in winter, in river water and reclaimed water. Groundwater, river water and reservoir water also harboured potential bacterial pathogens, like Helicobacter pylori, Legionella spp. and Aeromonas spp. that could be internalized and viable inside amoebas like Acanthamoeba castellanii, which was also detected. Neither Giardia cysts, nor any Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected.
The wetland system removed 3 Log(10) of viruses and 5 Log(10) of bacteria, which resembled the river water quality. Irrigation waters were prone to variable contamination levels and according to the European guidance documents, the E. coli (EC) levels were not always acceptable. Sporadic detection of viral pathogens as NoV GII and HAdV was identified in water samples presenting lower EC than the established limit (100MNP/100 mL). When dealing with reclaimed water as a source of irrigation the analysis of some viral parameters, like HAdV during the peak irrigation period (summer and spring) or NoV during the coldest months, could complement existing water management tools based on bacterial indicators.Thiswork was partially funded by a grant fromthe Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) in the frame of the collaborative international consortium JPIW2013-095-C03-01, JPIW2013095-C03-02 and JPIW2013-095-C03-03 of the Water Challenges for a Changing World Joint Programming Initiative (Water JPI) Pilot Call and partially by AGL2017-86797-C2-1-R. Silvia Bofill-Mas is a SerraHunter fellow at the University of Barcelona. Special thanks to E. Fores, E. Anfruns, and X. Romero from Granollers city council, for the valuable information and help during the sampling campaign.Rusiñol, M.; Hundesa, A.; Cárdenas-Youngs, Y.; Fernández-Bravo, A.; Pérez-Cataluña, A.; Moreno-Mesonero, L.; Moreno Trigos, MY.... 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Surveillance of adenoviruses and noroviruses in European recreational waters
No full textExposure to human pathogenic viruses in recreational waters has been shown to cause disease outbreaks. In the context of Article 14 of the revised European Bathing Waters Directive 2006/7/EC (rBWD, CEU, 2006) a Europe-wide surveillance study was carried out to determine the frequency of occurrence of two human enteric viruses in recreational waters. Adenoviruses were selected based on their near-universal shedding and environmental survival, and noroviruses (NoV) selected as being the most prevalent gastroenteritis agent worldwide. Concentration of marine and freshwater samples was done by adsorption/elution followed by molecular detection by (RT)-PCR. Out of 1410 samples, 553 (39.2%) were positive for one or more of the target viruses. Adenoviruses, detected in 36.4% of samples, were more prevalent than noroviruses (9.4%), with 3.5% GI and 6.2% GII, some samples being positive for both GI and GII. Of 513 human adenovirus-positive samples, 63 (12.3%) were also norovirus-positive, whereas 69 (7.7%) norovirus-positive samples were adenovirus-negative. More freshwater samples than marine water samples were virus-positive. Out of a small selection of samples tested for adenovirus infectivity, approximately one-quarter were positive. Sixty percent of 132 nested-PCR adenovirus-positive samples analysed by quantitative PCR gave a mean value of over 3000 genome copies per L of water. The simultaneous detection of infectious adenovirus and of adenovirus and NoV by (RT)PCR suggests that the presence of infectious viruses in recreational waters may constitute a public health risk upon exposure. These studies support the case for considering adenoviruses as an indicator of bathing water quality
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