118 research outputs found
El español, lengua internacional
No full textBaron Castro Rodolfo. El español, lengua internacional. In: Équivalences, 7e année-n°1-2, 1976. pp. 1-14
The Relation between Treated Maternal Urinary Tract Infection and Adverse Maternal, Prenatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women of Ardabil, Iran
No full textBackground and Objective: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections during pregnancy and has also been implicated as a risk factor for adverse maternal and prenatal outcomes. The aim of our study was to determine the relation between maternal urinary tract infection and adverse maternal, prenatal outcomes in pregnant women of Ardabil, Iran.
Material and Methods: This retrospective-case-control study was conducted on prenatal file records of pregnant women in Ardabil (2011). The pregnant women who had a positive urine culture in their prenatal files (N= 211) were considered as a case group and 232 ones without urinary tract infection as a control. Using a research- made questionnaire, the data related to present pregnancy and prenatal information was collected and analyzed by KrusKal Wallis, Chi- Square and Fisher statistical tests.
Results: Maternal age of under 25 (%61.6 vs. 56.5), body mass index of more than 30 (%18.3 vs. 15.6), primigravida (%55 vs. 48.8), hypertension (%2.4 vs. 1.3), hyperemesis Gravidarum (%14.8 vs. 12.6), frequency and dysuria (%1.9 vs. 0.9), low birth weight (%95.4 vs. 93.2), congenital malformation (%3.5 vs. 1.8), artificial milk feeding (%6.5 vs. 2.7), neonatal death (%0.9 vs. 0.0) are higher in urinary infection group, however the differences are not statistically significant. Other maternal and prenatal adverse outcomes such as diabetes, pre-eclampsia , hemoglobin level, prematurity, abortion and stillbirth have not significant relation with urinary infection.
Conclusion: Because of low level of adverse maternal or prenatal outcomes reported in our study, we conclude that screening and treatment of urinary tract infection in Ardabil health service is appropriate; therefore, no change is needed for present screening or treatment processes
Estruturas possessivas: aquisição de posse funcional e posse inalienável no português brasileiro
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, Florianópolis, 2010Essa dissertação está inserida no quadro gerativista e tem como objetivo principal observar e descrever de que forma se dá o aparecimento e a estruturação sintática das construções possessivas funcionais e inalienáveis dentro da fala de crianças adquirindo o PB, comparando com a fala adulta, dado que o input contém um sistema não uniforme, ao menos para a expressão da posse funcional. Os dados de aquisição utilizados na presente pesquisa são de produção espontânea de três crianças, a saber: AC, de Porto Alegre/RS, na faixa etária entre 1;08 a 3;07; G, de Porto Alegre/RS, na faixa etária entre 1;10 a 3;06 e R, de Campinas/SP, na faixa etária entre 1;07 a 3;04. Para a análise dos dados funcionais esta pesquisa se baseou, principalmente, no trabalho de Castro (2006), que faz uma descrição detalhada de como se comportam os possessivos funcionais no PE e no PB. Além disso, a autora propõe uma análise alternativa à análise tradicional para o DP, contemplando as estruturas que envolvem os possessivos funcionais, e assume que estes elementos são gerados na posição de superfície, dispensando a operação de movimento. Dessa forma, o possessivo simples pré-nominal se localiza em D, carregando os traços relevantes de gênero e número. Para a análise dos dados inalienáveis esta pesquisa se baseou, mormente, no trabalho de Guéron (1985), que trata de estruturas inalienáveis constituídas de determinante definido + nome, em que o nome faz referência a uma parte do corpo e o determinante pode ser considerado uma anáfora pronominal ou um operador, casos em que atribui a interpretação inalienável e alienável, respectivamente. A autora também trata de construções inalienáveis que colocam em jogo um PP. Essa autora propõe ainda que as construções inalienáveis se sujeitam às restrições de anáfora e cadeia lexical, além da restrição da não-distintividade. Os resultados acerca das estruturas de posse funcional obtidos nessa pesquisa corroboram a análise de Castro (2006), pois desde as primeiras faixas etárias analisadas, se podem encontrar possessivos simples pré-nominais, o que não seria possível se movimento fosse necessário. A análise de Guéron (1985) é parcialmente confirmada pelos resultados obtidos das estruturas de posse inalienável nesta pesquisa, já que, em faixas etárias mais jovens, o possuidor não está presente na sentença em que se encontra o possuído, ferindo as restrições propostas pela autora.This thesis is embedded in the generative framework and main objective is to observe and describe how it gives the appearance and syntactic structure of possessive constructions in functional and inalienable rights of speech of children acquiring the PB, compared to adult speech as the input contains a non-uniform, at least for the expression of functional ownership. The data acquisition used in this research are spontaneous production of three children, namely: AC, Porto Alegre / RS, aged 1;08-3;07; G, Porto Alegre / RS, aged between 1;10-3;06 and R, Campinas / SP, aged 1;07-3;04. For the analysis of functional data this research was based mainly on the work of Castro (2006), which gives a detailed description of how they behave possessives functional PE and PB. Furthermore, the author suggests an alternative to the traditional to the DP, taking in the structures surrounding the possessive function, and assumes that these elements are generated in the position of the surface, eliminating the operation of motion. Thus, the possessive simple pre-nominal is located in D, carrying traits relevant to gender and number. For data analysis inalienable this research was based, especially in the work of Guéron (1985), which is inalienable structures consist of determining set + name, where the name refers to a body part and the determinant can be considered a pronominal anaphora or an operator, where it attaches to the interpretation inalienable and alienable, respectively. The author also deals with building rights which bring into play a PP. This author also suggests that the inalienable constructions are subject to restrictions on anaphora and lexical chain, and the restriction of non-distinctiveness. The results about the functional ownership structures obtained in this study corroborate the analysis of Castro (2006), because from the earliest ages analyzed, can be found possessive simple pre-nominal, which would not be possible if the movement was necessary. Analysis of Guéron (1985) is partially supported by the results of inalienable possession structures in this study, as in younger age groups, the possessor is not present in the sentence you are in the possession, hurting the restrictions proposed by the author
Sarah Fielding: Satire and Subversion in the Eighteenth-Century Novel
No full textThis study of Sarah Fielding (1710―68) is an original contribution to Fielding scholarship that has a dual purpose: to support those who are striving to re-introduce her to the modern literary landscape in an effort to restore her eighteenth-century literary standing, and to firmly establish Fielding as an early feminist writer. It is argued here that throughout her oeuvre Fielding challenged prevailing traditions that denied women a choice, particularly in education, employment and marriage. These themes are also considered in the political treatises of Mary Astell (1666―1731) and Mary Wollstonecraft (1759―97), who are now widely recognised as feminist writers.
It is further argued that Fielding’s subversion in fiction of the English patriarchal system is underscored by her unorthodox performance in the literary arena. This is fully explored alongside her use of sentimentalism as a literary tool with which she challenges her seemingly inhumane society. Fielding’s interest in ‘the Labyrinths of the Mind’ (in modern terms, human psychology) will also be addressed as will her placement in the history of feminism and her placement in the sentimental novel tradition. Fielding’s performance as a literary critic will be compared with the few female authors who, like her, dared to publish literary criticism during her writing career. Accordingly, extracts from Fielding’s novels and her two critical pamphlets will be thoroughly examined.
An updated biography of Fielding that is also included here will provide evidence for a further claim, that her fiction is autobiographical in part. A comprehensive account of Fielding’s performance as a literary critic forms the final chapter of this work. It is the first full-length examination of her contribution to the genre and includes an appraisal of her recently unearthed critical pamphlet entitled A Comparison Between the Horace of Corneille and The Roman Father of Mr. Whitehead (1750) that is yet to be formerly attributed to her. Ultimately this study of Fielding will go far beyond what has previously been written about this remarkable eighteenth-century author, particularly regarding her feminist activity
Disfunção cardíaca na sepse experimental avaliada em coração isolado e perfundido de camundongo
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Florianópolis, 2010A síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica (SIRS), quando associada a uma infecção pode evoluir para sepse e choque séptico, que são importantes causas de morte nas UTIs. Em geral, a morte é causada por um colapso cardiovascular e hipotensão refratária, que aparecem logo no início da sepse. A disfunção vascular é mais estudada e compreendida que a disfunção cardíaca, contudo a última é reconhecida como um importante mediador da disfunção de múltiplos órgãos na sepse. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar a disfunção cardíaca na sepse experimental induzida pela ligadura e perfuração do ceco (CLP) em camundongos, utilizando a metodologia de coração isolado e perfundido (preparação de Langendorff), e também, avaliar a participação do óxido nítrico nesse processo. Os parâmetros cardíacos avaliados foram: Tensão sistólica e diastólica, +dT/dt (velocidade de contração), -dT/dt (velocidade de relaxamento), AUC (área sob a curva), pressão de perfusão das coronárias e frequência cardíaca. Observamos que durante a sepse severa (índice de mortalidade de 100% quarenta e oito horas após a CLP) o perfil de atividade apresentado pelos corações sépticos, apesar de variado, mostra que a sepse causa importantes alterações na funcionalidade cardíaca. O parâmetro tensão sistólica, três horas após os animais serem submetidos à CLP, mostrou que 38% dos corações apresentaram valores superiores aos apresentados pelos corações controle (e por isso denominados de suprafuncionais), 12% apresentaram valores inferiores (subfuncionais) e 50% apresentaram valores semelhantes aos apresentados pelos corações controle (normofuncionais). Seis horas após a CLP o subgrupo suprafuncional correspondeu a apenas 21% do total de corações avaliados, enquanto o subgrupo subfuncional correspondeu a 29%. Doze horas após a CLP o subgrupo normofuncional foi o mais numeroso, correspondendo a 77% do total de corações avaliados. Por fim, vinte e quatro horas após a CLP houve um aumento substancial no número de corações subfuncionais, representando 40% dos corações avaliados. Perfil semelhante foi encontrado em relação aos parâmetros velocidade de contração, velocidade de relaxamento e AUC. Quando estimulados com isoprenalina para avaliação da capacidade contrátil e capacidade cronotrópica positiva, os corações dos animais submetidos à CLP vinte e quatro horas antes apresentaram importante redução no funcionamento das células auto-rítmicas do nodo sino-atrial, alterações no sistema de condução dos estímulos e ainda, o sistema contrátil destes corações encontrou-se parcialmente reduzido. Tanto os corações suprafuncionais avaliados três horas após a CLP quanto os corações suprafuncionais avaliados vinte e quatro horas após, apresentaram tensão sistólica superior à apresentada pelos corações controle em resposta à isoprenalina. A resposta cronotrópica e inotrópica positiva dos demais corações avaliados (subfuncionais três horas após a CLP, normofuncionais três e vinte e quatro horas após a CLP) foi semelhante à resposta apresentada pelos corações controle, sugerindo que a atividade beta-adrenérgica, atividade contrátil e o aspecto elétrico da frequência cardíaca estão preservados nestes corações. Observamos ainda que os níveis plasmáticos de NOx encontram-se elevados a partir de três horas após o procedimento cirúrgico, permanecendo assim até pelo menos quarenta e oito horas após a CLP. A infusão de um inibidor não-seletivo das enzimas NOS (L-NAME) não alterou a atividade basal dos corações controle e dos corações sépticos avaliados vinte e quatro horas após a CLP. Por outro lado, quando estimulados com isoprenalina, os corações controle infundidos com L-NAME apresentaram resposta cronotrópica e inotrópica positiva inferior à apresentada pelos corações controle que receberam apenas Krebs. Os corações sépticos que receberam L-NAME quando estimulados com isoprenalina apresentaram resposta concentração-dependente à isoprenalina, tanto no parâmetro tensão sistólica quanto no parâmetro frequência cardíaca, efeito este que não foi observado nos corações sépticos que receberam apenas Krebs. O substrato L-arginina não é um fator limitante para a produção de óxido nítrico, visto que não foram observadas diferenças em corações controle e corações sépticos avaliados vinte e quatro horas após a CLP e que tiveram arginina adicionada à solução de perfusão. Assim, nosso trabalho mostra que ocorrem importantes alterações cardíacas durante a sepse, as quais acometem tanto a maquinaria contrátil quanto as células auto-rítmicas, tendo início logo nas primeiras horas de instalação do quadro e perdurando até horários mais tardios. Demonstramos ainda, que o óxido nítrico parece estar envolvido nas alterações observadas
Sea Urchins Predation Facilitates Coral Invasion in a Marine Reserve
No full textMacroalgae is the dominant trophic group on Mediterranean infralittoral rocky bottoms, whereas zooxanthellate corals are extremely rare. However, in recent years, the invasive coral Oculina patagonica appears to be increasing its abundance through unknown means. Here we examine the pattern of variation of this species at a marine reserve between 2002 and 2010 and contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms that allow its current increase. Because indirect interactions between species can play a relevant role in the establishment of species, a parallel assessment of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, the main herbivorous invertebrate in this habitat and thus a key species, was conducted. O. patagonica has shown a 3-fold increase in abundance over the last 8 years and has become the most abundant invertebrate in the shallow waters of the marine reserve, matching some dominant erect macroalgae in abundance. High recruitment played an important role in this increasing coral abundance. The results from this study provide compelling evidence that the increase in sea urchin abundance may be one of the main drivers of the observed increase in coral abundance. Sea urchins overgraze macroalgae and create barren patches in the space-limited macroalgal community that subsequently facilitate coral recruitment. This study indicates that trophic interactions contributed to the success of an invasive coral in the Mediterranean because sea urchins grazing activity indirectly facilitated expansion of the coral. Current coral abundance at the marine reserve has ended the monopolization of algae in rocky infralittoral assemblages, an event that could greatly modify both the underwater seascape and the sources of primary production in the ecosystem
Author Correction: A portrait of the Higgs boson by the CMS experiment ten years after the discovery
No full textIn the version of this article initially published, CMS Collaboration author names, affiliations and acknowledgements were omitted and have now been included in the HTML and PDF versions of the articl
Author Correction: A detailed map of Higgs boson interactions by the ATLAS experiment ten years after the discovery
No full textIn the version of this article initially published, the ATLAS Collaboration
author names, affiliations and acknowledgements were omitted and
have now been included in the HTML and PDF versions of the article
Gender stereotypes and judicial decisions: when the administration of justice can violate fundamental rights.
No full textCon el nacimiento de la Constitución Política de 1991, Colombia reconoció dentro del ordenamiento jurídico interno numerables derechos humanos que vinieron a prevalecer en el marco de todas las decisiones judiciales y estatales. Pasó de ser un Estado de Derecho a convertirse en un Estado Social de Derecho, lo que significó un cambio en la visión y en los fines perseguidos por el Estado prima facie.
Con el reconocimiento de la igualdad de derechos para todos sin ningún tipo de discriminación, que se instituyó como un derecho fundamental acorde a la concepción programática constitucional, Colombia incursionó en la necesidad de que se protegieran los derechos de hombres y mujeres en igual medida, sin importar su orientación, raza, interés político, religioso, entre otros.
Artículos como el reconocimiento del derecho a la familia y a la protección especial de la mujer en estado de embarazo, implicaron un gran avance para el Estado colombiano en pro de la lucha por los derechos humanos, en especial para la prolongada lucha que han tenido que ejercer las mujeres en atención a su discriminación histórica. Es por ello que el artículo 93 constitucional viene a jugar un rol trascendental, pues constituido como el llamado bloque de constitucionalidad, trae al corpus iuris nacional una serie de convenios y tratados que reconocen la protección especial de la mujer en temas de igualdad y no discriminación.
No obstante, esta herramienta y todos los intentos normativos con los cuales se ha buscado garantizar la igualdad en todas las actuaciones, en la realidad su aplicación resulta ser más compleja de lo esperado, pues Colombia no cuenta con la rigurosidad ni practicidad suficiente para hacer que sus autoridades actúen de conformidad con los principios de igualdad y no discriminación.
Como menciona Rojas et al. (2021) la actividad judicial en Colombia no se encuentra preparada para hacer aplicación del enfoque de género en sus decisiones y actuaciones, toda vez que los jueces y las juezas se encuentran cegados por un legalismo y formalismo excesivo que se ha impuesto durante generaciones, ignorando abiertamente la situación de discriminación en razón del género que han sufrido las mujeres durante siglos. Además, considera dicho autor, que Colombia no cuenta con herramientas efectivas de políticas públicas, las cuales actúen en tendencia de transversalizar el enfoque de género al interior de la practica judicial.
Esto ha implicado que las decisiones judiciales emitidas por los operadores jurisdiccionales vayan permeadas de una base de discriminación natural, donde no tengan plenamente en cuenta el rol de la mujer dentro del caso, y fallen sin tener en cuenta su vulnerabilidad intrínseca a su género.Universidad Libre Seccional Socorro -- Facultad de derecho, ciencias políticas y sociales -- DerechoWith the birth of the Political Constitution of 1991, Colombia recognized numerous human rights within the domestic legal system that came to prevail within the framework of all judicial and state decisions. It went from being a State of Law to becoming a Social State of Law, which meant a change in the vision and goals pursued by the State prima facie.
With the recognition of equal rights for all without any type of discrimination, which was established as a fundamental right in accordance with the constitutional programmatic conception, Colombia ventured into the need to protect the rights of men and women in equal measure, without regardless of their orientation, race, political or religious interest, among others.
Articles such as the recognition of the right to the family and the special protection of pregnant women implied great progress for the Colombian State in favor of the fight for human rights, especially for the prolonged struggle that they have had to carry out. women in response to their historical discrimination. That is why article 93 of the Constitution comes to play a transcendental role, since constituted as the so-called block of constitutionality, it brings to the national corpus iuris a series of agreements and treaties that recognize the special protection of women in matters of equality and non-discrimination. .
However, this tool and all the regulatory attempts with which it has sought to guarantee equality in all actions, in reality its application turns out to be more complex than expected, since Colombia does not have sufficient rigor or practicality to make it its authorities act in accordance with the principles of equality and non-discrimination.
As mentioned by Rojas et al. (2021) judicial activity in Colombia is not prepared to apply the gender approach in its decisions and actions, since judges are blinded by excessive legalism and formalism that has been imposed for generations, ignoring openly the situation of gender discrimination that women have suffered for centuries. Furthermore, this author considers that Colombia does not have effective public policy tools, which act in a tendency to mainstream the gender approach within judicial practice.
This has implied that judicial decisions issued by jurisdictional operators are permeated by a basis of natural discrimination, where they do not fully take into account the role of women within the case, and fail without taking into account their intrinsic vulnerability to their gender
Comercio durante el Posclásico de la cerámica decorada: Malinalco, Toluca, Guerrero y Morelos. 29. Arqueología
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