1,720,958 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
La communication patient-médecin lors de consultations médicales : une recherche qualitative explorant les expériences des patients provenant de divers groupes ethniques et ethnolinguistiques
No full textLa communication patient-médecin est une composante clé des soins de santé et une bonne communication est liée à plusieurs bénéfices pour la santé du patient. Malgré ces bénéfices, les études documentent toujours des difficultés de communication entre patients et médecins, et ces difficultés seraient davantage présentes avec des patients de minorités ethniques et ethnolinguistiques. Bien que plusieurs études aient été effectuées pour investiguer la communication patient-médecin, la littérature comporte des lacunes qui limitent notre compréhension de cette communication. D’abord, la majorité des études ont été effectuées aux États-Unis ou en Europe. Ensuite, les études privilégient davantage des méthodes quantitatives, limitant ainsi notre compréhension de la perspective du patient quant à cette expérience. Enfin, les études négligent d’explorer les enjeux ethniques et ethnolinguistiques qui affectent l’expérience de ces groupes minoritaires. C’est à la lumière de ces constats que les objectifs du premier article inséré dans cette thèse ont été ciblés. Ce premier article consiste en une revue systématique et méta-ethnographie des études qualitatives qui explorent l’expérience des patients de divers ancrages ethniques et ethnolinguistiques en consultation avec les médecins. Les résultats de cette méta-ethnographie montrent que les patients vivent à la fois des expériences positives et négatives, qui découlent entre autres des compétences relationnelles et médicales des médecins. La majorité des études n’explorent pas les enjeux spécifiques aux minorités ethniques ou ethnolinguistiques, mais celles qui s’y sont penchées illustrent que ces groupes de patients rapportent davantage de difficultés de communication. Les résultats de cette revue de littérature confirment la pertinence des méthodes qualitatives pour bien saisir la perspective et l’expérience des patients. À la lumière de ces constats, l’étude doctorale a été développée afin d’explorer plus en profondeur l’expérience des patients appartenant à divers groupes ethniques et ethnolinguistiques en lien avec leurs expériences de communication et de relation avec des médecins. Lors des entretiens avec les soixante participants, il est devenu apparent que leurs expériences de participation dans la consultation représentaient un thème clé pour décrire leurs expériences de communication avec les médecins. Conformément à l’approche inductive, l’objectif émergeant fût d’explorer les expériences des patients relatives à leur participation dans la consultation médicale. D’autre part, l’étude cherchait à explorer les nuances spécifiques aux minorités ethniques et ethnolinguistiques en matière de participation. Les résultats montrent que la participation est un thème central aux expériences des patients.Ces expériences participatives peuvent être classées selon deux dimensions clés, soit la dimension de participation sous forme d’échange d’information (p.ex., poser des questions) et la participation sous forme d’affirmation (p.ex., exprimer son point de vue). Pour chacune de ces dimensions, les patients discutent également de deux types de participation. Lorsque le patient initie cette participation, il s’agit de participation proactive, tandis que lorsque le médecin invite le patient à participer, il s’agit de participation réactive. Les patients discutent également d’expériences non-participatives, quoique ces expériences sont plus rares. En ce qui a trait aux particularités ethniques et ethnolinguistiques, ces minorités discutent moins fréquemment d’expériences participatives et attribuent ces difficultés de participation à des facteurs linguistiques, tels que la barrière linguistique et à leur identité ethnolinguistique. En conclusion, les minorités ethniques et ethnolinguistiques semblent faire face à des barrières additionnelles qui peuvent poser entrave à une bonne communication et à une participation active en consultation. Il importe de s’intéresser à ces barrières additionnelles, car il se peut que celles-ci expliquent, en partie, les inégalités de santé affectant ces groupes minoritaires. Un Modèle contextualisé de la participation des patients est présenté et discuté, afin de contextualiser les expériences des patients.Physician-patient communication is a central element in care and a good communication is linked to several health benefits for the patient. However, communication difficulties persist in medical encounters and these difficulties are more present in consultations with ethnic and ethnolinguistic minorities. Previous literature on physician-patient communication present some limitations that restrict our understanding of communication difficulties. In order to improve care, patients’ experiences of this communication must be understood. The first article inserted in this doctoral dissertation consists of a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative studies exploring patients’ experiences of communication with primary care physicians. Three concepts emerged from analyses: negative experiences, positive experiences and outcomes of communication. Most studies in this review did not explore ethnic and ethnolinguistic aspects, but the few studies which did show that ethnic and ethnolinguistic minorities face additional barriers that exert mainly a negative influence on patients’ experiences of communication, namely, language barriers and discrimination. This review illustrates the pertinence of exploring patients’ experiences, with different ethnic and ethnolinguistic backgrounds, with qualitative methods, in order to gain a deep understanding of their perspective. Ensuing from this observation, the doctoral study was developed to explore in detail patients’ experiences of communication. During the interviews, it became apparent that patient participation was a central theme to describe patients’ experiences of communication with physicians. Since an inductive approach was chosen, the emerging objective of this study was to explore patients’ experiences of participation in the medical consultation with physicians. Moreover, we aimed to explore nuances in these experiences of participation according to patients’ ethnic and ethnolinguistic background. Findings show that patient participation is a central theme to describe experiences of communication. Five themes emerged in response to the first objective and these themes are organized in two key dimensions: a) participation in terms of information exchange and b) participation in terms of assertiveness. Across these themes, two types of participation emerged: proactive participation (i.e. patient initiated) and responsive participation (i.e. physician initiated). Patients also discussed experiences of non-participation; however, these were less common. Ethnolinguistic minorities discussed less participative experiences and attributed these difficulties to language barriers and to their ethnolinguistic identity. In conclusion, ethnic and ethnolinguistic minorities seem to face additional barriers which exert mostly a negative influence on their experiences of communication and participation. In turn, these difficulties may engender negative consequences for the patients’ health, thus partly explaining health inequities affecting these minority groups. A contextual model of patient participation is presented and discussed to contextualize patients’ experiences of communication and participation
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Dasen P and Mishra R Development of geocentric spatial language and cognition: An eco-cultural perspective
No full textInternational audienc
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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