1,720,959 research outputs found
A luta contra a corrupção: estado da arte e perspectivas de análise - Corruption and how to fight it: state of the art and analysis perspectives
No full textCorruption as an object of study in the Social Sciences has recently shown a significant growth, contributing to diversify empirical objects as well as theoretical and methodological tools. A brief review of scientific production in the last decades indicates a renewal and expansion of research.3 The increase in production results, on the one hand, from the disclosure of major scandals involving cases of corruption, thus allowing media and public opinion attention to be drawn to the problem. On the other hand, it results from theoretical and methodological challenges that contribute to its understanding, since it is a phenomenon difficult to conceptualize and observe, even if we adopt different disciplinary lens. Despite the constant efforts of a growing group of researchers, there is no general consensus on any broad and shared definition of what corruption is. We could even agree on the Transparency International’s statement that corruption is “an abuse of entrusted power for private gain”, which has been adopted in the methodology for the elaboration of the Corruption Perception Index, aimed at an international comparison on its diffusion.4Nevertheless, as soon as we “unpack” different analytical notions of what can be considered as abuse, to entrust, power, private (versus public), and gain, we are forced to admit that both analytical intension and empirical extension of the concept of corruption may vary largely, depending on approaches and research objects
Operação Lava Jato e o complexo mecanismo de corrupção política no Brasil
Get PDFThis article analyzes the relationship between the governance structures of hidden exchange networks as well as the regulation and protection mechanisms of the corrupt system. It is assumed that the actors interact in a complex network of corrupt exchanges based on an informal system of behavioral rules. The empirical material that serves as the basis for this discussion constitutes the extensive set of legal and journalistic data produced from the “Carwash” operation. The analysis showed that it is, on the one hand, a systemic corruption and, on the other hand, networks whose governance structure is centrifugal. Contrary to what the legal narrative of the operation affirmed, the Brazilian case demonstrates a polycentric system with a high capacity to develop autonomous networks.Este artículo analiza la relación entre las estructuras de gobierno de las redes de intercambio ocultas y los mecanismos de regulación y protección del sistema corrupto. Se supone que los actores interactúan en una red compleja de intercambios corruptos basados en un sistema informal de reglas de comportamiento. El material empírico que sirve de base para esta discusión es el extenso conjunto de datos legales y periodísticos producidos a partir de la operación “Carwash”. El análisis mostró que es, por un lado, corrupción sistémica y, por otro, redes cuya estructura de gobierno es centrífuga. Al contrario de lo que afirmaba la narrativa legal de la operación, el caso brasileño demuestra un sistema policéntrico con una alta capacidad para desarrollar redes autónomas.Este artigo analisa a relação entre as estruturas de governança das redes de trocas ocultas e os mecanismos de regulação e proteção do sistema corrupto. Parte-se do princípio que os atores interagem numa rede complexa de trocas corruptas a partir de um sistema informal de regras de comportamento. O material empírico que serve de base para essa discussão constitui no extenso conjunto de dados jurídico e jornalístico produzidos a partir da operação “Lava Jato”. A análise permitiu mostrar que se trata, de um lado, de uma corrupção sistêmica e, de outro, de redes cuja estrutura de governança é centrífuga. Ao contrário do que afirmou a narrativa jurídica da operação, o caso brasileiro demonstra um sistema policêntrico e com alta capacidade de desenvolver redes autônomas
As estratégias e os desafios do Sindicato dos Jornalistas na defesa dos trabalhadores da notícia
Get PDFA luta contra a Aids: uma causa, múltiplos saberes
No full textEste artigo analisa o processo de formação de uma coletividade em torno da problemática da Aids, no cenário nacional brasileiro, com o objetivo de identificar os atores envolvidos nas respostas iniciais à epidemia, o contexto no qual estavam inseridos e as redes de relações das quais faziam parte. Uma das principais conclusões do trabalho é a de que os atores que participaram da formação de uma arena pública em torno da Aids, apesar de pertencerem adiferentes movimentos, possuíam fortes ligações entre si e estavam imersos em redes de relações que os aproximavam. Tais redes eram oriundas, sobretudo, de três espaços: movimento homossexual, movimento pela reforma sanitária e grupos de contestação contra o regime militar. Com base nisso, foi possível verificar ainda que a luta contra a Aids no Brasil está inscrita numa luta contra as políticas de saúde vigentes, que mobiliza tanto setores médicos, quanto movimentos sociais
Redes de relações pessoais e prática empresarial: um estudo sobre as empresas de comunicação e a política no Rio Grande do Sul
Get PDFEste artigo analisa o papel das redes de relações entre empresários da comunicação e a política no Rio Grande do Sul. A partir do estudo de caso de duas empresas de comunicação do estado, identificamos um conjunto de mudanças sociais e políticas que conduziram a uma diversificação nas formas de relação entre o empresariado e a política. Por um lado, o período de ascensão da empresa Caldas Júnior representa um momento em que a base das relações entre o empresariado ocorria por meio dos vínculos diretos com o Estado. Por outro, o momento de ascensão da empresa Rede Brasil Sul (RBS) ocorre em um contexto em que as relações com a esfera política haviam se diversificado e com isso era preciso ampliar as redes de relações. Com base nisso, foi possível identificar as transformações nos mecanismos de acesso à política e as redes de relações que fundamentam as práticas dos empresários
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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