1,720,971 research outputs found
Utilizing the Common-Sense model of illness representations to explore children’s perceptions of, and coping with ADHD
No full textBackground: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among children is associated with difficulties in everyday functioning. According to the Common-Sense Model of Illness Representations (CSM), individuals’ beliefs about their illness condition guide their attempts to cope with it. The model suggests five dimensions of illness representations: beliefs regarding the identity of the symptoms, its duration, causes, consequences, and one’s ability to achieve control over it. Aims: The study aimed to explore the validity of the CSM-dimensions of illness representations for children with ADHD, while also exploring the possible relationships between types of beliefs and coping strategies. Method: A deductive qualitative content analysis was used for analyzing data constructed from semi-structured individual interviews with 14 children diagnosed with ADHD. Results: The results have shown that there is a variation in children’s beliefs regarding their ADHD. Those beliefs are, for the most part, captured by the five CSM-dimensions. An additional dimension of ‘Uniqueness’ is suggested, which reflects children’s beliefs on the way ADHD distinguishes them from other children. Patterns regarding types of beliefs and types of coping strategies were identified. Conclusions: The CSM is a useful theoretical model to understand children’s beliefs of, and coping with their ADHD
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Swedish Pupils’ Perspectives on Emergency Remote Teaching during COVID-19 - A Qualitative Study
No full textDue to the COVID-19 pandemic, schools in many countries were forced to stop face-to-face teaching and switch to emergency remote teaching (ERT). The aim of this study, based on semi-structured interviews with upper secondary-school pupils in Stockholm, was to explore how Swedish pupils perceive their ERT and to understand their preconditions for learning. We found variations among pupils with regard to how they perceived their new morning routine, the increased flexibility in structuring their day, the flexibility to choose their workplace at home, and the decreased control by their teachers. While some perceived the increased flexibility as challenging, others appraised it as a possibility to be more independent. With regard to their classmates, all participants perceived difficulties learning from each other in ERT. Identified difficulties involved comparing one's performance to that of classmates, having deep discussions, encouraging each other, and organizing themselves in a group. The results are discussed in relation to previous studies, and are interpreted through the lenses of the Designs for Learning Theory
Living with ADHD : A Meta-Synthesis Review of Qualitative Research on Children’s Experiences and Understanding of Their ADHD
No full textADHD is a disability characterised by hyperactivity, impulsivity and difficulties maintaining attention. Despite extensive research on ADHD, the effects of existing treatments are moderate and inconsistent. Knowledge regarding children’s and adolescents’ everyday experiences of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and their understanding of these experiences is valuable for the further development of interventions. The aim of the following study was to systematically search for and review qualitative research on children’s and adolescents’ everyday experiences and understanding of their ADHD, and to suggest an integrative synthesis of the results. In total, 16 published and unpublished qualitative studies on the subject were identified. The analysis identified four categories: (1) experiences related to one’s body and psychological abilities: lack of control, having difficulties, and the biological determination of these experiences; (2) ambivalent experiences related to one’s own psychological needs: a need to adjust oneself and a need to be accepted as ‘who I am’; (3) ambivalent experience related to social others: demands and expectations are a problem, experiencing lack of belonging and stigma, but also receiving help from close social others; and (4) experiences related to the formation of personal identity. Erikson’s psychosocial theory of personal identity is suggested for an understanding of the results.</p
Living with ADHD : A Meta-Synthesis Review of Qualitative Research on Children’s Experiences and Understanding of Their ADHD
No full textObjectiveThe aim of the following study was to systematically search for and review qualitative research on children’s and adolescents’ everyday experiences and understanding of their ADHD, and to suggest an integrative synthesis of the results.MethodsThe method that was used as a guide for the synthesis of the qualitative studies is the one suggested by Sandelowski and Barroso (2007). This broadly used method in the context of health-care research (Saini & Shlonsky, 2012) aims to systematically review and integrate the findings from various qualitative research reports and to suggest an understanding of the phenomenon in a manner entailing more than merely the sum of all the studies’ results (Sandelowski & Barroso, 2007). The method consists of three stages: firstly, a systematic search for and retrieval of qualitative research reports; secondly, a critical appraisal of the identified reports according to inclusion criteria; and thirdly, an interpretative integration of the findings of those studies regarded as eligible by creating a categorisation of these findings.Results / DiscussionIn total, 16 published and unpublished qualitative studies on the subject were identified. The analysis identified four categories: (1) experiences related to one’s body and psychological abilities: lack of control, having difficulties, and the biological determination of these experiences; (2) ambivalent experiences related to one’s own psychological needs: a need to adjust oneself and a need to be accepted as ‘who I am’; (3) ambivalent experience related to social others: demands and expectations are a problem, experiencing lack of belonging and stigma, but also receiving help from close social others; and (4) experiences related to the formation of personal identity.</p
Patterns of Coping: How Children with ADHD and Their Parents Perceive and Cope with the Disorder
No full textAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental diagnosis characterized by symptoms of excessive motor activity, impulsivity, and inattention. Previous research indicates that ADHD has negative implications on the psychosocial functioning of children with ADHD and their parents. In order to fully understand the implications of ADHD we need to understand how children and parents perceive and cope with its symptoms. The aims of this thesis were to (1) identify perceptions of the symptoms among children with the disorder and their parents; (2) identify strategies that children and parents apply in order to cope with the symptoms; and (3) explore patterns between perceptions and coping strategies. The methods used in this thesis are qualitative and include a systematic review of qualitative studies and the analysis of semi-structured interviews with children and parents. The results show a variation among children with ADHD as regards their perceptions and coping strategies. With reference to perceptions, five themes were identified among the children: (1) the causes of their symptoms (“there is something wrong with me”, “there is something wrong with my environment”, “this is my personality, a part of who I am”); (2) the implications of the symptoms for their life; (3) symptom timelines; (4) the ability to control the symptoms; and (5) the uniqueness of the symptoms (perceiving the symptoms as either a spectrum or a dichotomy). The study also identified three types of coping strategies that the children applied to manage their symptoms: (1) controlling oneself; (2) making changes in the environment; and (3) following the symptoms and satisfying immediate needs. This study found three observable patterns between how children perceive their ADHD and how these children cope with its symptoms. Children who perceive their symptoms as a result of a deficiency within themselves engaged with attempts at self-control, while those children who perceive their symptoms as a result of a problematic environment attempt to change their environment. Also, children who perceive their ADHD as a part of their personality express a tendency to “follow the symptoms.” Additionally, patterns were observed between the perceived uniqueness of ADHD and applied coping strategies. That is, children who perceived ADHD as a spectrum engaged in controlling themselves, whereas those who perceived ADHD as a unique and dichotomous characteristic engaged in making changes in their environment. As regards the parents of children with ADHD, this study found that parents perceive their child’s symptoms as a source of difficulties for the parent and as a result of a biological dysfunction. Parents cope with their child’s symptoms by: (1) adjusting their behaviors towards the child; (2) searching for knowledge and becoming experts; (3) regulating negative emotions in relation to the child and others; and (4) negotiating between ADHD and everyday demands, personal wishes and values. In particular, patterns were observed between the perceptions parents have of their child’s behaviors being the result of biological dysfunctions and the coping strategies that these parents employ as a result. This thesis highlights the importance of giving attention to the perceptions that children and parents have of ADHD symptoms and how they cope with them in order to inform and contribute to future research and clinical work
Intervjuer till "Living with Paediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) – a Qualitative Study of Children’s Experiences in Sweden"
No full textTranscriptions of interviews (in Swedish) where all personal information that could potentially enable identification of individuals has been removed. Seven textfiles numbered from 1-7 containing manual transcripts from interviews with children and adolescents in Sweden. Files are named Intervju1.txt, Intervju2.txt, etc. but file numbers are arbitrarily assigned and have no identifying function.Transkribering av intervjuer på svenska där all personlig information som kan leda till identifiering har tagits bort. Sju textfiler numrerade från 1-7 med manuella transkriberingar av intervjuer med barn och ungdomar. Filerna är benämnda Intervju1.txt, Intervju2.txt etc., men numreringen är godtycklig och har ingen identifierande funktion
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